Selection of the best initial orbital elements of satellite based on fuzzy integration evaluation method

The fuzzy integration evaluation method （FIEM） is studied in order to select the best orbital elements from the multi-group initial orbits determined by a satellite TT＆C （Tracking, Telemetry and Control） center with all kinds of data sources. By employing FIEM together with the experience of TT＆C experts, the index system to evaluate the selection of the best initial orbits is established after the data sources and orbit determination theories are studied. Besides, the concrete steps in employing the method are presented. Moreover, by taking the objects to be evaluated as evaluation experts, the problem of how to generate evaluation matrices is solved. Through practical application, the method to select the best initial orbital elements has been proved to be flexible and effective The originality of the method is to find a new evaluation criterion （comparing the actually tracked orbits） replacing the traditional one （comparing the nominal orbits） for selecting the best orbital elements.

A Case Study of Impact of FY-2C Satellite Data in Cloud Analysis to Improve Short-Range Precipitation Forecast

Chinese FengYun-2C(FY-2C) satellite data were combined into the Local Analysis and Prediction System(LAPS) model to obtain three-dimensional cloud parameters and rain content. These parameters analyzed by LAPS were used to initialize the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System model(GRAPES) in China to predict precipitation in a rainstorm case in the country. Three prediction experiments were conducted and were used to investigate the impacts of FY-2C satellite data on cloud analysis of LAPS and on short range precipitation forecasts. In the first experiment, the initial cloud fields was zero value. In the second, the initial cloud fields were cloud liquid water, cloud ice, and rain content derived from LAPS without combining the satellite data. In the third experiment, the initial cloud fields were cloud liquid water, cloud ice, and rain content derived from LAPS including satellite data. The results indicated that the FY-2C satellite data combination in LAPS can show more realistic cloud distributions, and the model simulation for precipitation in 1–6 h had certain improvements over that when satellite data and complex cloud analysis were not applied.

Using multi-satellite microwave remote sensing observations for retrieval of daily surface soil moisture across China

The objective of this study was to retrieve daily composite soil moisture by jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple operating satellites for near real-time application with better coverage and higher accuracy.Our approach was to first apply the single-channel brightness radiometric algorithm to estimate soil moisture from the respective brightness temperature observations of the SMAP,SMOS,AMSR2,FY3B,and FY3C satellites on the same day and then produce a daily composite dataset by averaging the individual satellite-retrieved soil moisture.We further evaluated our product,the official soil moisture products of the five satellites,and the ensemble mean (i.e.,arithmetic mean) of the five official satellite soil moisture products against ground observations from two networks in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,China.The results show that our product outperforms the individual released products of the five satellites and their ensemble means in the two validation areas.The root mean square error (RMSE ) values of our product were 0.06 and 0.09 m3/m3 in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,respectively.Relative to the ensemble mean of the five satellite products,our product improves the accuracy by 9.1% and 57.7% in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,respectively.This demonstrates that jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple satellites to retrieve soil moisture not only improves the spatial coverage of daily observations but also produces better daily composite products.

Chinese GF-1 and GF-3 satellites observed the giant iceberg calving off the Larsen C Ice Shelf

A massive iceberg, named A-68 by National Ice Center （NIC） officially, calved away from the Larsen C Ice Shelf in Antarctica on luly 12, 2017. The iceberg A-68 is about 5 800 km2, weighs more than a trillion tons and it is one of the biggest ever recorded icebergs. Chinese satellites Gaofen-1 （GF-1） and Gaofen-3 （GF-3） data was used to monitoring the propagation of the rift and the iceberg by National Satellite Ocean Application Service （NSOAS）.

COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS IN SATELLITE FORMATION FLYING

Recently, the research of dynamics and control of the satellite formation flying has been attracting a great deal of attentions of the researchers. The theory of the research was mainly based on Clohessy-Wiltshire' s (C-W's) equations, which describe the relative motion between two satellites. But according to some special examples and qualitative analysis , neither the initial parameters nor the period of the solution of C-W' s equations accord with the actual situation, and the conservation of energy is no longer held. A new method developed from orbital element description of single satellite , named relative orbital element method ( ROEM) , was introduced. This new method, with clear physics conception and wide application range, overcomes the limitation of C-W s equation , and the periodic solution is a natural conclusion. The simplified equation of the relative motion is obtained when the eccentricity of the main satellite is small. Finally, the results of the two methods (C-W' s equation and ROEM) are compared and the limitations of C-W s equations are pointed out and explained.

Ocean Observation from Haiyang Satellites

In 2018,China successfully launched three new Haiyang(which means ocean in Chinese,referred to as HY)satellites which are an ocean color observation satellite HY-1C(operational),an ocean dynamics environment satellite HY-2B(operational)and the China-France ocean satellite CFOSAT(experimental).In 2019,all the three satellites had finished their commissioning phases and were declared operational.HY-2A satellite continues to operate in-orbit,and its operational status is basically normal.So in 2020,China has 4 Haiyang satellites in-orbit,China’s ocean satellites enter into a new operational application phase.The operation of the ground application system of Chinese ocean satellites is stable.In 2019,Beijing,Hainan,Mudanjiang,and Hangzhou ocean satellite ground stations had received the data of HY-1C,HY-2A,HY-2B,and CFOSAT 5012 orbits and 26.46 TB data had been distributed to both domestic and international users.Chinese ocean satellite data has played an important role in marine disaster prevention and mitigation,development and management of marine resources,maintenance of marine rights and interests,marine environment protection,scientific researches,and blue economy development.

FCM测站定权的LAGEOS-2卫星精密定轨影响分析

由于卫星激光测距(satellite laser ranging, SLR)台站的测距精度和稳定性存在差异,精密定轨中需要对不同性能的台站赋予不同权重。本文将模糊C均值(fuzzy C-means, FCM)聚类定权应用于LAGEOS-2精密定轨,并比较原始测站定权和FCM定权对轨道精度的影响。结果表明:1)相较于原始测站定权,FCM定权更能反映各SLR台站的性能,提高定轨精度和观测值数量;2)对于ILRS四个质量分析机构,原始测站定权下JCET发布的质量报告在定轨精度上略优于其他中心,采用FCM定权后,以4个机构发布的质量报告进行定轨的结果在同一水平,轨道精度为4.83~4.86 cm。

Algorithm for the Sea Surface Wind Imaging Products of Fengyun-3C Meteorological Satellite MWRI

This paper analyzes the sea surface backward thermal radiation data in the China Sea observed by the mmwave channel of FY3 MWRI, explains the reason for which the analysis method combined with multiple mmwave channels is conducive to wind inversion, uses the complex model of the two-scale randomly rough surface with foam scattering layer to calculate the backward heat emission, analyzes the different response characteristics of the thermal radiation characteristics of each channel with the change of the sea surface wind speed, and establishes the wind speed inversion model applying to the microwave radiometer, achieving better results than in previous studies. The sea surface medium-low wind speed precision standard deviation of new model reaches 1.2 m/s (0 - 15 m/s);the inversion strong wind data are consistent with the island fixed buoys data, and the global sea surface wind speed image schematic diagram is given.

基于C-LAMBDA算法的GNSS相对定位增强方法

针对相对定位场景下载体天线间先验基线信息利用不充分问题,提出基于约束的最小二乘模糊度降相关平差算法(C-LAMBDA)的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)相对定位增强方法:对于双天线载体,采用C-LAMBDA算法进行基线长度约束的定向解算,将求解得到的模糊度向量和基线矢量作为先验信息融入相对定位观测方程,从而将基线长度先验信息辅助提升解算效果的先天优势从测姿领域扩展到相对定位领域,由此给出基于C-LAMBDA算法的GNSS相对定位增强模型;通过推导相对定位增强模型糊度精度因子(ADOP)与传统单天线载体相对定位模型ADOP的数学关系,从理论上揭示了增强模型对于模糊度浮点解精度的提升作用。仿真与实测试验结果表明,与传统单天线载体相对定位相比,该方法在不同可视卫星数观测条件下均能够提高模糊度浮点解的精度,有效提升模糊度解算成功率,从而增强相对定位的可靠性。

LM-2C Successfully Launched Yaogan 30-01 Satellites

The LM-2C launch vehicle lifted off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center with the Yaogan 30-01 satellites （3 satel- lites with one rocket） at 12：21 Beijing time on September 29. The satellites en- tered their preset orbits. It was the 25 I st flight of the LM series launch vehicle.

Geophysical Modeling with Satellite Gravity Data: Eigen-6C4 vs. GGM Plus

Satellite data sets are an asset in global gravity collections;their characteristics vary in coverage and resolution. New collections appear often, and the user must adapt fast to their characteristics. Their use in geophysical modeling is rapidly increasing;with this in mind we compare two of the most densely populated sets: EIGEN-6C4 and GGMplus. We characterize them in terms of their frequency histograms, Free Air anomalies, power spectrum, and simple Bouguer anomalies. The nature of the digital elevation models used for data reduction is discussed. We conclude that the GGMplus data set offers a better spatial resolution. To evaluate their effect in geophysical modelling, we chose an inland region with a prominent volcanic structure in which we perform 3D inversions of the respective Bouguer anomalies, obtaining density variations that in principle can be associated with the geologic materials and the structure of the volcanic edifice. Model results are analyzed along sections of the inverted data;we conclude that the GGMplus data set offers higher resolution in the cases analyzed.

LM-2C Launched Two Sets of Yaogan 30 Satellites

LM-2C launch vehicles launched two sets of Yaogan 30 satellites from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center respectively on November 25 and December 26.The second one was the last launch mission carried out by CASC in 2017.LM-2C was developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.It is the only one among the LM series launch vehicle that can conduct flight missions from the three inland launch sites.

HJ-1C Satellite for Environmental and Disaster Monitoring Launched into Orbit

A LM-2C launch vehicle was launched from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center on November 19, 2012, carrying HJ-1C, a technology demonstration satellite and the Fengniao satellite. The three satellites were placed to the preset orbits respectively. Developed by DFH Satellite Co., Ltd., HJ-1C is a SAR Earth observation satellite for civilian use, which

LM-3B/E Launched Eutelsat's W3C Satellite

At 16:21 Beijing time on October 7,2011,China successfully launched the W3C commercial telecommunications satellite manufactured by Thales Alenia Space for Eutelsat Communications into geostationary transfer orbit by using an enhanced LM-3B (LM-3B/E) launch vehicle from Xichang Satellite Launch Center.

C频段广播电视卫星通信站抗5G基站干扰的指标分析与效能评估

伴随着5G卫星通信基站在广播电视领域的应用普及,C频段(3.7~4.2 GHz)卫星通信极易受到5G信号干扰现象受到了较多关注。对此,通过分析5G基站干扰机理,给出受扰设备具体影响,进一步解析干扰指标,并计算卫星通信站抗5G干扰的安全距离,最后明确相应的防护措施,为行业采取有效的抗5G基站干扰措施提供参考。

Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Terrestrial Planets L 98–59c and d:No Evidence for a Clear Hydrogen Dominated Primary Atmosphere

The nearby bright M-dwarf star L 98–59 has three terrestrial-sized planets.One challenge remaining in characterizing atmospheres around such planets is that it is not known a priori whether they possess any atmospheres.Here we report on study of the atmospheres of L 98–59 c and L 98–59 d using near-infrared spectral data from the G141 grism of Hubble Space Telescope(HST)/Wide Field Camera 3.We can reject the hypothesis of a clear atmosphere dominated by hydrogen and helium at a confidence level of ~3σ for both planets.Thus they could have a primary hydrogen-dominated atmosphere with an opaque cloud layer,or could have lost their primary hydrogen-dominated atmosphere and re-established a secondary thin atmosphere,or have no atmosphere at all.We cannot distinguish between these scenarios for the two planets using the current HST data.Future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope would be capable of confirming the existence of atmospheres around L 98–59 c and d and determining their compositions.

5G干扰C波段卫星信号接收的成因分析及应对措施

在当今信息时代,通信技术的飞速发展已经成为促进社会进步和经济发展的重要推动力。作为当前最具前瞻性的通信技术之一,5G的广泛应用对C波段卫星信号接收的干扰已经引起特别关注。对5G干扰C波段卫星信号接收的成因进行分析,探讨相应的应对措施。

5G基站对C波段广播电视卫星接收站干扰的分析与处理

分析5G基站干扰广播电视卫星接收站的具体路径,以及接收站如何才能抵御5G信号干扰的影响,是广播电视行业面临的新挑战。在理论层面分析5G基站对卫星广播电视地面站产生干扰的具体路径,进一步对C波段卫星通信站进行实际测试,提出并验证安装滤波器是降低5G信号干扰的有效措施。

5G时代广电C频段卫星的抗干扰对策

随着5G技术的快速发展,广电C频段卫星在5G环境下接收被干扰问题日益凸显。针对这一问题进行研究,分析5G信号对广电C频段卫星接收造成干扰的原因,提出广电C频段卫星在5G环境下接收信号的抗干扰对策。

面向卫星常规测控任务的地面站资源调度

卫星测控任务的地面站资源调度问题是在特定的时间和约束条件下,根据卫星的常规任务要求,为卫星分配相应的地面站资源,从而得到能够满足卫星任务要求的资源分配和调度方案。基于实际应用,分析卫星测控任务的调度问题,考虑资源调度过程中涉及的卫星时间约束和资源约束,建立卫星测控任务中地面站资源调度的数学模型。设计2个阶段遗传算法,第一阶段选择卫星执行任务的圈数,第二阶段选择任务弧段,逐步减小搜索的解空间。仿真研究结果表明,2个阶段遗传算法能够较好地解决多卫星多约束的测控资源调度问题。