To understand the long-term effects of combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization on soil organic C(SOC) and total N(TN), we conducted a 30-year field experiment with a wheat–maize rotation system on the Hu...To understand the long-term effects of combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization on soil organic C(SOC) and total N(TN), we conducted a 30-year field experiment with a wheat–maize rotation system on the Huang-HuaiHai Plain during 1990–2019. The experimental treatments consisted of five fertilizer regimes: no fertilizer(control), chemical fertilizer only(NPK), chemical fertilizer with straw(NPKS), chemical fertilizer with manure(NPKM), and 1.5 times the rate of NPKM(1.5NPKM). The NPK, NPKS, and NPKM treatments had equal N inputs. The crop yields were measured over the whole experimental duration. Soil samples were collected from the topsoil(0–10 and 10–20 cm) and subsoil(20–40 cm) layers for assessing soil aggregates and taking SOC and TN measurements. Compared with the NPK treatment, the SOC and TN contents increased significantly in both the topsoil(24.1–44.4% for SOC and 22.8–47.7% for TN) and subsoil layers(22.0–47.9% for SOC and 19.8–41.8% for TN) for the organically amended treatments(NPKS, NPKM and 1.5NPKM) after 30 years, while no significant differences were found for the average annual crop yields over the 30 years of the experiment. The 0–10 cm layer of the NPKS treatment and the 20–40 cm layer of the NPKM treatment had significantly higher macroaggregate fraction mass proportions(19.8 and 27.0%) than the NPK treatment. However, the 0–10 and 20–40 cm layers of the 1.5NPKM treatment had significantly lower macroaggregate fraction mass proportions(–19.2 and –29.1%) than the control. The analysis showed that the higher SOC and TN in the soil of organically amended treatments compared to the NPK treatment were related to the increases in SOC and TN protected in the stable fractions(i.e., free microaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregates), in which the contributions of the stable fractions were 81.1–91.7% of the increase in SOC and 83.3–94.0% of the increase in TN, respectively. The relationships between average C inputs and both stable SOC and TN stocks were significantly positive with R2 values of 0.74 and 0.72(P<0.01) for the whole 40 cm soil profile, which indicates the importance of N for soil C storage. The results of our study provide key evidence that long-term combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization, while maintaining reasonable total N inputs, benefited soil C and N storage in both the topsoil and subsoil layers.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior scleral application(a modified technique)of an antimetabolite mitomycin C-soaked sponge in trabeculectomy for patients with glaucoma.METHODS:This retrospective stud...AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior scleral application(a modified technique)of an antimetabolite mitomycin C-soaked sponge in trabeculectomy for patients with glaucoma.METHODS:This retrospective study included 101 patients(115 eyes)with glaucoma(aged 12–83y)who underwent trabeculectomy using a modified mitomycin C-soaked sponge placement method.A piece of 3.5×10 mm2 sponge was placed vertically and posteriorly with the long side perpendicular to the limbus.The mitomycin C concentration and exposure time were 0.2–0.5 mg/m L and 1–5min,respectively.Intraocular pressure,bestcorrected visual acuity,and hypotensive medications were recorded at baseline and at the final visit.Complications,interventions required,and bleb morphology were recorded postoperatively.The primary outcome was trabeculectomy safety,including complications and bleb morphology;the secondary outcome was the trabeculectomy success rate.RESULTS:At the final follow-up[median 28mo,range 7–67mo and interquartile range(IQR)13mo],the qualified(cumulative)success rate was 93.0%and the complete success rate was 60.0%.No bleb-related complications were observed.The mean height,extent,and vascularity grades were 0.6±0.9,1.1±0.4,and 2.4±0.9,respectively.All Seidel tests were negative.The mean posteriority grade was 0.8±0.4.CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy with the long side of a mitomycin C-soaked sponge placed perpendicular to the corneal limbus is safe and effective.展开更多
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different rates of organic farming aid (OFA) and inorganic fertilizer on the productivity of maize, chemical and microbial properties of soil for higher economic valu...The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different rates of organic farming aid (OFA) and inorganic fertilizer on the productivity of maize, chemical and microbial properties of soil for higher economic value. Field experiments were conducted during the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons at the research fields of CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute located at Nyankpala in the Guinea savannah agroecology of Ghana. The study consisted of five treatment combinations: full rate of OFA, full rate of NPK, 1/2 OFA + 1/2 NPK, full OFA + 1/2 NPK and a control (no OFA and no NPK) which were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Analysis of variance indicated significant (P 0.05) treatment and year interaction effect for all the growth parameters except for plant height, leaf area and leaf area index. Apart from hundred seed weight, treatment and year interaction effect for all the yield and yield components was significant (P 0.05). Application of full rate of NPK (90:60:60) resulted in the highest grain yield of 4960 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>, however it was statistically similar to those obtained by the combined application of full rate of OFA (250 ml·ha<sup>-1</sup>) + 1/2 NPK and 1/2 OFA + 1/2 NPK with grain yield of 4856 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> and 4639 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> respectively. There was also a yield advantage of 197. 5%, 191.3%, 178.3 and 79.1% over the control for full NPK rate, full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK rate, 1/2 OFA rate + 1/2 NPK and full OFA rate respectively. Application of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK enhanced soil basal respiration (evolved CO<sub>2</sub>) and mineralizable C, implying that, combination of full OFA rate and NPK fertilizer would be necessary to boost soil microbial activity and soil labile nutrient pool (labile C pool). This suggests that combined use of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK fertilizer can be a better strategic tool for improving soil quality. The highest benefit cost ratios (BCR) of 2.58 and 3.77 were obtained following the application of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK and 1/2 OFA rate + 1/2 NPK respectively. Hence, it could be concluded that complementary use of OFA and NPK is more profitable than using single inputs (either OFA or NPK). Thus, in promoting technology packages to farmers, development practitioners must carefully consider the complementary of inputs that are cost-effective but economically rewarding.展开更多
Based on Fillmore’s frame theory, this paper examines the translator’s cognitive frame operation in the English subtitle translation of Quanzhou’s World Heritage application documentary. It analyzes and discusses h...Based on Fillmore’s frame theory, this paper examines the translator’s cognitive frame operation in the English subtitle translation of Quanzhou’s World Heritage application documentary. It analyzes and discusses how the translator maximizes translation effect between the source language and the target language, so as to enhance the readability of documentary subtitles and promote the spread of traditional Chinese culture. The findings are as follows: Firstly, in the translation process, the frame operations used by the translator include frame correspondence, intra-frame operations, frame replacement, frame perspective shift and frame transplantation. Secondly, cultural documentaries are full of culture-loaded words, for which the translator usually uses frame transplantation. Thirdly, due to the instantaneous nature of subtitles, intra-frame operations and frame replacement are applied in terms of cultural background of the target language audience. Besides, in order to enhance the audience’s reading experience, there may be some changes of narrative perspective in the English translation of cultural documentaries.展开更多
目的探讨NOTCH3基因第5外显子C260S位点突变导致的伴有皮层下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病(cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy,CADASIL)家系的临床和影像学...目的探讨NOTCH3基因第5外显子C260S位点突变导致的伴有皮层下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病(cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy,CADASIL)家系的临床和影像学特征。方法选取2021年12月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院来自同一家庭的CADASIL患者,对所有患者进行NOTCH3基因测序,回顾性分析患者的临床表现和头颅影像学特征。复习既往文献报道的导致同一位置氨基酸改变的其他突变类型的临床及影像学特征。结果4名家庭成员中,包括先证者(46岁,女)及其两个姐姐(分别为48岁和50岁)和女儿(18岁)。先证者及其父亲、两个姐姐都有偏头痛病史,其中大姐有记忆力减退;先证者患有脑梗死及伴有视觉先兆的偏头痛;先证者女儿体健;先证者父亲因脑梗死去世。4名家庭成员均存在C260S位点的NOTCH3基因突变。既往文献无此位点突变的报道,先证者头颅MRI示右侧脑桥亚急性梗死,颞叶、脑室周围及脑干异常高信号改变,其大姐脑桥可见腔隙性梗死灶。结论NOTCH3基因第5外显子c.778T>A(p.C260S)的罕见突变导致的CADASIL发病时间早,早期会出现认知障碍。合并偏头痛的脑干梗死患者,需警惕CADASIL的可能。展开更多
目的:探究单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)感染后脑脊液(CSF)中S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9水平对自身免疫性脑炎(AE)的预测价值。方法:选取2016年1月至2021年3月河北中石油中心医院收治的200例HSV感染患者为研究对象,根据是否继发AE分为研究组(继发AE,35例...目的:探究单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)感染后脑脊液(CSF)中S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9水平对自身免疫性脑炎(AE)的预测价值。方法:选取2016年1月至2021年3月河北中石油中心医院收治的200例HSV感染患者为研究对象,根据是否继发AE分为研究组(继发AE,35例)和对照组(未继发AE,165例)。多因素Logistic回归分析HSV感染患者继发AE的独立影响因素。Spearman法分析脑脊液中Cys-C、MMP-9与S100B水平的相关性。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9对AE的预测价值。构建风险预测模型并进行评价。结果:多因素Logistic回归分析显示,MRI异常、脑脊液S100B、MMP-9升高、EEG异常是HSV感染患者继发AE的独立危险因素,脑脊液Cys-C是其保护因素(P<0.05)。Spearman分析显示,HSV感染患者Cys-C浓度与S100B水平呈负相关(r=-0.83,P<0.05),MMP-9浓度与S100B水平呈正相关(r=0.88,P<0.05)。构建的联合预测因子pre1诊断HSV患者继发AE的AUC明显大于S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9单独预测的AUC(0.876 vs 0.827、0.787、0.750)。构建的风险预测模型具有良好的区分度和一致性。结论:脑脊液中S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9水平均可对HSV感染患者诱发AE的可能性进行有效预测,且三项指标联合预测价值最大,其次是S100B蛋白、Cys-C、MMP-9。展开更多
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-CSAL-202302 and GY2023-12-7)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-Profit Scientific Institutions, China (1610132019014)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200101 and 2018YFD0200804)。
文摘To understand the long-term effects of combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization on soil organic C(SOC) and total N(TN), we conducted a 30-year field experiment with a wheat–maize rotation system on the Huang-HuaiHai Plain during 1990–2019. The experimental treatments consisted of five fertilizer regimes: no fertilizer(control), chemical fertilizer only(NPK), chemical fertilizer with straw(NPKS), chemical fertilizer with manure(NPKM), and 1.5 times the rate of NPKM(1.5NPKM). The NPK, NPKS, and NPKM treatments had equal N inputs. The crop yields were measured over the whole experimental duration. Soil samples were collected from the topsoil(0–10 and 10–20 cm) and subsoil(20–40 cm) layers for assessing soil aggregates and taking SOC and TN measurements. Compared with the NPK treatment, the SOC and TN contents increased significantly in both the topsoil(24.1–44.4% for SOC and 22.8–47.7% for TN) and subsoil layers(22.0–47.9% for SOC and 19.8–41.8% for TN) for the organically amended treatments(NPKS, NPKM and 1.5NPKM) after 30 years, while no significant differences were found for the average annual crop yields over the 30 years of the experiment. The 0–10 cm layer of the NPKS treatment and the 20–40 cm layer of the NPKM treatment had significantly higher macroaggregate fraction mass proportions(19.8 and 27.0%) than the NPK treatment. However, the 0–10 and 20–40 cm layers of the 1.5NPKM treatment had significantly lower macroaggregate fraction mass proportions(–19.2 and –29.1%) than the control. The analysis showed that the higher SOC and TN in the soil of organically amended treatments compared to the NPK treatment were related to the increases in SOC and TN protected in the stable fractions(i.e., free microaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregates), in which the contributions of the stable fractions were 81.1–91.7% of the increase in SOC and 83.3–94.0% of the increase in TN, respectively. The relationships between average C inputs and both stable SOC and TN stocks were significantly positive with R2 values of 0.74 and 0.72(P<0.01) for the whole 40 cm soil profile, which indicates the importance of N for soil C storage. The results of our study provide key evidence that long-term combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization, while maintaining reasonable total N inputs, benefited soil C and N storage in both the topsoil and subsoil layers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070955)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(2022),China(No.202201020362)the High-level Hospital Construction Project,Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University(No.303020104)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior scleral application(a modified technique)of an antimetabolite mitomycin C-soaked sponge in trabeculectomy for patients with glaucoma.METHODS:This retrospective study included 101 patients(115 eyes)with glaucoma(aged 12–83y)who underwent trabeculectomy using a modified mitomycin C-soaked sponge placement method.A piece of 3.5×10 mm2 sponge was placed vertically and posteriorly with the long side perpendicular to the limbus.The mitomycin C concentration and exposure time were 0.2–0.5 mg/m L and 1–5min,respectively.Intraocular pressure,bestcorrected visual acuity,and hypotensive medications were recorded at baseline and at the final visit.Complications,interventions required,and bleb morphology were recorded postoperatively.The primary outcome was trabeculectomy safety,including complications and bleb morphology;the secondary outcome was the trabeculectomy success rate.RESULTS:At the final follow-up[median 28mo,range 7–67mo and interquartile range(IQR)13mo],the qualified(cumulative)success rate was 93.0%and the complete success rate was 60.0%.No bleb-related complications were observed.The mean height,extent,and vascularity grades were 0.6±0.9,1.1±0.4,and 2.4±0.9,respectively.All Seidel tests were negative.The mean posteriority grade was 0.8±0.4.CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy with the long side of a mitomycin C-soaked sponge placed perpendicular to the corneal limbus is safe and effective.
文摘The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different rates of organic farming aid (OFA) and inorganic fertilizer on the productivity of maize, chemical and microbial properties of soil for higher economic value. Field experiments were conducted during the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons at the research fields of CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute located at Nyankpala in the Guinea savannah agroecology of Ghana. The study consisted of five treatment combinations: full rate of OFA, full rate of NPK, 1/2 OFA + 1/2 NPK, full OFA + 1/2 NPK and a control (no OFA and no NPK) which were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Analysis of variance indicated significant (P 0.05) treatment and year interaction effect for all the growth parameters except for plant height, leaf area and leaf area index. Apart from hundred seed weight, treatment and year interaction effect for all the yield and yield components was significant (P 0.05). Application of full rate of NPK (90:60:60) resulted in the highest grain yield of 4960 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>, however it was statistically similar to those obtained by the combined application of full rate of OFA (250 ml·ha<sup>-1</sup>) + 1/2 NPK and 1/2 OFA + 1/2 NPK with grain yield of 4856 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> and 4639 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> respectively. There was also a yield advantage of 197. 5%, 191.3%, 178.3 and 79.1% over the control for full NPK rate, full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK rate, 1/2 OFA rate + 1/2 NPK and full OFA rate respectively. Application of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK enhanced soil basal respiration (evolved CO<sub>2</sub>) and mineralizable C, implying that, combination of full OFA rate and NPK fertilizer would be necessary to boost soil microbial activity and soil labile nutrient pool (labile C pool). This suggests that combined use of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK fertilizer can be a better strategic tool for improving soil quality. The highest benefit cost ratios (BCR) of 2.58 and 3.77 were obtained following the application of full OFA rate + 1/2 NPK and 1/2 OFA rate + 1/2 NPK respectively. Hence, it could be concluded that complementary use of OFA and NPK is more profitable than using single inputs (either OFA or NPK). Thus, in promoting technology packages to farmers, development practitioners must carefully consider the complementary of inputs that are cost-effective but economically rewarding.
文摘Based on Fillmore’s frame theory, this paper examines the translator’s cognitive frame operation in the English subtitle translation of Quanzhou’s World Heritage application documentary. It analyzes and discusses how the translator maximizes translation effect between the source language and the target language, so as to enhance the readability of documentary subtitles and promote the spread of traditional Chinese culture. The findings are as follows: Firstly, in the translation process, the frame operations used by the translator include frame correspondence, intra-frame operations, frame replacement, frame perspective shift and frame transplantation. Secondly, cultural documentaries are full of culture-loaded words, for which the translator usually uses frame transplantation. Thirdly, due to the instantaneous nature of subtitles, intra-frame operations and frame replacement are applied in terms of cultural background of the target language audience. Besides, in order to enhance the audience’s reading experience, there may be some changes of narrative perspective in the English translation of cultural documentaries.
文摘目的探讨NOTCH3基因第5外显子C260S位点突变导致的伴有皮层下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病(cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy,CADASIL)家系的临床和影像学特征。方法选取2021年12月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院来自同一家庭的CADASIL患者,对所有患者进行NOTCH3基因测序,回顾性分析患者的临床表现和头颅影像学特征。复习既往文献报道的导致同一位置氨基酸改变的其他突变类型的临床及影像学特征。结果4名家庭成员中,包括先证者(46岁,女)及其两个姐姐(分别为48岁和50岁)和女儿(18岁)。先证者及其父亲、两个姐姐都有偏头痛病史,其中大姐有记忆力减退;先证者患有脑梗死及伴有视觉先兆的偏头痛;先证者女儿体健;先证者父亲因脑梗死去世。4名家庭成员均存在C260S位点的NOTCH3基因突变。既往文献无此位点突变的报道,先证者头颅MRI示右侧脑桥亚急性梗死,颞叶、脑室周围及脑干异常高信号改变,其大姐脑桥可见腔隙性梗死灶。结论NOTCH3基因第5外显子c.778T>A(p.C260S)的罕见突变导致的CADASIL发病时间早,早期会出现认知障碍。合并偏头痛的脑干梗死患者,需警惕CADASIL的可能。
文摘目的:探究单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)感染后脑脊液(CSF)中S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9水平对自身免疫性脑炎(AE)的预测价值。方法:选取2016年1月至2021年3月河北中石油中心医院收治的200例HSV感染患者为研究对象,根据是否继发AE分为研究组(继发AE,35例)和对照组(未继发AE,165例)。多因素Logistic回归分析HSV感染患者继发AE的独立影响因素。Spearman法分析脑脊液中Cys-C、MMP-9与S100B水平的相关性。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9对AE的预测价值。构建风险预测模型并进行评价。结果:多因素Logistic回归分析显示,MRI异常、脑脊液S100B、MMP-9升高、EEG异常是HSV感染患者继发AE的独立危险因素,脑脊液Cys-C是其保护因素(P<0.05)。Spearman分析显示,HSV感染患者Cys-C浓度与S100B水平呈负相关(r=-0.83,P<0.05),MMP-9浓度与S100B水平呈正相关(r=0.88,P<0.05)。构建的联合预测因子pre1诊断HSV患者继发AE的AUC明显大于S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9单独预测的AUC(0.876 vs 0.827、0.787、0.750)。构建的风险预测模型具有良好的区分度和一致性。结论:脑脊液中S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9水平均可对HSV感染患者诱发AE的可能性进行有效预测,且三项指标联合预测价值最大,其次是S100B蛋白、Cys-C、MMP-9。