Effect of carbon on microstructure of CrAlC_xN_(1-x) coatings by hybrid coating system

A systematic investigation of the microstructure of CrA1CxN1-x coatings as a function of carbon contents was conducted. Quaternary CrA1CxN1-x coatings were deposited on Si wafers by a hybrid coating system combining an arc-ion plating technique and a DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique using Cr and AI targets in the Ar/N2/CH4 gaseous mixture. The effect of carbon content on microstructure of CrA1C^N~ x coatings was investigated with instrumental analyses of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the carbon content of CrA1CxN1-x coatings linearly increases with increasing CH4/（CH4/N2） gas flow rate ratio. The surface roughness of the CrA1CxN1-x coating layer decreases with the increase of carbon content.

Thermal Shock Resistances of FeMnCr/Cr_3C_2 Coatings Deposited by Arc Spraying

Arc spraying with the cored wires was applied to deposit FeMnCr/Cr3C2 coatings on low carbon steel substrates, namely FM1, FM2 and FM3. Thermal shock resistances of the coatings were investigated to assess the influence of Cr3C2 content on thermal shock resistance. Characteristics of the coatings under thermal cycling test were studied by optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope （FE-SEM） and energy dispersion spectrum （EDS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The experimental results show that hardness of the coatings increases, bonding strength decreases slightly with increase of the Cr3C2 content of the coatings. As a result, FM2 coating possesses the best thermal shock resistance, attributing to its better thermal expansion matches and wettability than those of FM3 coating, less oxide rate than that of FM1 coating restraining from cracks formation and propagation in coatings.

High temperature behaviors of high velocity arc sprayed Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2 composite coatings

Fe-Al/Cr3C2 composite coatings were manufactured using high velocity arc spraying （HVAS） technology. The high temperature erosion, wear and corrosion resistance of the coatings were investigated. The coating properties such as bonding strength, porosity, hardness as well as microstructures were characterized. The results show that the coatings have relatively high heat tremble bond strength, hardness, and typical layer-shaped coatings＇ microstructures. With the rise of temperature, the coating erosion resistance increases too; the impingement angel does effects on erosion properties, and the erosion mechanism changes from ductile to brittle behaviors at 450℃. The coatings have good room temperature wear resistance and relatively good high temperature resistance. The wear mechanism of the coatings is peeling wear behavior. The coatings have excellent high temperature corrosion resistance because of the produce of oxides during corrosion.

Structure and mechanical properties of thick Cr/Cr_2N/CrN multilayer coating deposited by multi-arc ion plating

A Cr/Cr2N/CrN multilayer coating with a thickness of 24.4 μm was deposited by multi-arc ion plating. The coating was systematically characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry(XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Hardness and adhesion were tested by nanoindentation and scratch tester, respectively. The friction properties were investigated by a reciprocating UMT-3MT ball-on-disk tribometer in air and seawater. The results showed that the multilayer coating consisted of three different layers, with Cr,Cr2N and CrN phases, respectively. Compared with CrN single layer coating, the adhesion of the multilayer coating was improved significantly, the hardness of the multilayer coating was(21±2) GPa. The corrosion resistance of the multilayer coating was also improved in artificial seawater. The friction coefficient of multilayer coating was lower than that of CrN single layer coating both in air and seawater.

Corrosion behaviors of Cr-Al-N coatings deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering

CrN and Cr-Al-N coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on the glass substrate,and their corrosion behavior was studied. The electrochemical tests using both DC(polarization curves) and AC techniques(EIS) were carried out on Potentiostat/Galvanstat(EG&G) in 3.5%(mass fraction) NaCl solution. After immersed into NaCl solution for 1 h,the mass of the CrN coating keeps constant with the time continuing. This can be explained by the passivation of the coating. The comparison between the corrosion potential(φcorr) of the Cr-Al-N coatings with different aluminum contents reveals that the corrosion potentials of the aluminum contain coatings are nobler than that of the CrN coatings. This means that the addition of aluminum shifts the corrosion potential to more positive potential value. Among these coatings,CrN in NaCl solution exhibits the worst corrosion resistance,while the corrosion resistance of Cr0.63Al0.37N in NaCl solution is the best. The polarization data and EIS data suggest that addition of aluminum can improve the corrosion resistance of CrN coating.

(Cr,La)_(2)(C,N)添加对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷结构与性能的影响

在开放体系下采用高温碳管炉制备了(Cr,La)_(2)(C,N)粉末,并将其作为添加剂制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、万能力学试验机及维氏硬度计等设备研究了(Cr,La)_(2)(C,N)添加对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,(Cr,La)_(2)(C,N)的添加能够有效细化Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的硬质相晶粒,其中Cr、La元素主要固溶于粘结相,La元素促进了硬质相的溶解–析出过程,金属陶瓷的抗弯强度、硬度以及断裂韧性等力学性能得到明显改善。当添加(Cr,La)_(2)(C,N)的质量分数为5.0%时,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的综合力学性能达到最佳,抗弯强度为2002 MPa,维氏硬度为1643 MPa,断裂韧性为11.22 MPa·m^(1/2)。

Effect of(Cr,V)_(2)(C,N)on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of WC-10Co Cemented Carbides

WC-10Co cemented carbides with finer WC and narrower grain size distributions are produced by using(Cr,V)_(2)(C,N)as grain growth inhibitors.As a result,with the increase of(Cr_(0.9),V_(0.1))_(2)(C,N)and(V_(0.9),Cr_(0.1))_(2)(C,N),the grains size of WC and mean free path of Co phase decrease,and adjacency of WC increases.Refinement and homogenization of grains enhance the transverse rupture strength(TRS)and the hardness.Meanwhile,the deflection and bridging of cracks keep the fracture toughness at a respectable level.The WC-10Co-0.6(Cr_(0.9),V_(0.1))_(2)(C,N)-0.025(V_(0.9),Cr_(0.1))_(2)(C,N)cemented carbides exhibit excellent comprehensive mechanical properties with the TRS of 4602.6 MPa,hardness of 1835 kg/mm^(2),and fracture toughness of 10.39 MPa·m^(1/2),respectively.However,the large pores are caused by excess N larger than 0.03 wt%and deteriorates the mechanical properties.We provide a new approach to WC-Co cemented carbides preparation with a narrow grain size distribution by adding novel grain growth inhibitors.

磁控溅射镀膜技术在(Cr,Ti,Al)N涂层上的应用

过渡金属氮化物硬质涂层在切削刀具、精密模具和机械零部件等领域有着广泛的应用。随着切削技术的进步和难加工材料的增多,硬质涂层已由传统的二元涂层向着三元、四元涂层不断发展。(Cr,Ti,Al)N四元涂层因其优异的综合性能而备受研究人员的关注。本文从磁控溅射镀膜的基本原理和技术特点出发,介绍了制备(Cr,Ti,Al)N涂层常见的磁控溅射镀膜技术,分析了采用单质靶与合金靶沉积镀膜的效果及其各自的优缺点,研究了磁控溅射工艺参数对(Cr,Ti,Al)N涂层机械性能的影响,最后讨论了(Cr,Ti,Al)N梯度涂层的作用及其制备方法。本文可为设计(Cr,Ti,Al)N涂层制备工艺、改善(Cr,Ti,Al)N涂层性能提供理论参考与指导。

Microstructures and properties of PVD TiAlN coating deposited on cermets with different Ti(C,N)grain size

In the present work,TiAlN coatings were deposited on Ti(C,N)-based cermet substrates by physical vapor deposition method.Emphasis was focused on the influence of grain size of cermet substrates on the microstructure,growth behavior,mechanical properties,adhesion strength and wear behavior of the coatings.The results show that finer Ti(C,N)grain size leads to higher nucleation density and lower growth rate of coatings,indicating the crystallite size of the TiAlN coatings decreases with decreasing Ti(C,N)grain size.Nanoindentation tests show that the coatings deposited on cermets of the finest grain size exhibit the highest hardness(H),elastic modulus(E),H/E and H3/E2 of 34.5 GPa,433.2 GPa,0.080 and 0.22,respectively.The adhesion strength between coating and substrate is also enhanced with decreasing Ti(C,N)grain size by scratch test,which corresponds to the grain size and H/E and H3/E2 of the coating.Besides,the lower surface roughness and better mechanical properties of the coating deposited on finer grained cermet contribute to the better wear resistance of the coating.

STUDY ON PTA CLAD (Cr,Fe)_7C_3/γ-Fe CERAMAL COMPOSITE COATING

A wear resistant （Cr, Fe）7C3/γ-Fe ceramalcomposite coating wasfabricatedon substrate of a 0.45% C carbon steel by plasma transferred arc （PTA） cladding process using the Fe-Cr-C elemental powder blends. The microstructure, microhardness and dry sliding wear resistance of the coating were evaluated. Results indicate that the plasma transferred arc clad ceramal composite coating has a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of blocky primary （Cr, Fe）7C3 and the interblocky （ Cr, Fe）7C3/γ-Fe eutectics and is metallurgically bonded to the 0.45%C carbon steel substrate. The ceramal composite coating has high hardness and excellent wear resistance under dry sliding wear test condition.

Pulsed DC plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited TiN/Ti(C,N) multilayer coatings

TiN single coatings and TiN/Ti(C,N) multilayer coatings deposited on Cr12MoV substrate have been completed by pulsed DC plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PCVD) process. The SEM, XRD and microvicker’s hardness as well as the indentation test were used to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN/Ti(C,N) multilayer coatings. The results show that TiN/Ti(C,N) coatings are fine and have free column structure, and carbon atoms take the place of some nitrogen atoms in Ti(C,N) coatings when lower flow ratio of CH 4 is used. The microvicker’s hardness and interfacial adhesion between TiN/Ti(C,N) coatings and Cr12MoV substrate increases more obviously than that of TiN single hard coatings due to the more dense and free column structure when process is optimized.

PTA clad (Cr,Fe)_7C_3/γ-Fe in situ ceramal composite coating

A wear-resistant （Cr, Fe）7C3/γ-Fe in situ ceramal composite coating was fabricated on the substrate of 0.45wt%C carbon steel by a plasma-transferred arc cladding process using the Fe-Cr-C elemental powder blends. The microstructure, microhardness, and dry-sliding wear resistance of the coating were evaluated. The results indicate that the microstructure of the coating, which was composed of （Cr, Fe）7C3 primary phase uniformly distributed in the γ-Fe, and the （Cr, Fe）7C3 eutectic matrix was metallurgically bonded to the 0.45wt%C carbon steel substrate. From substrate to coating, the microstructure of the coating exhibited an evident epitaxial growth character. The coating, indehiscent and tack-free, had high hardness and appropriate gradient. It had excellent wear resistance under the dry sliding wear test condition.

Corrosive-wear and Electrochemical Performance of Laser Thermal Sprayed Co30Cr8W1.6C3Ni1.4Si Coating on Ti6Al4V Alloy

Co30Cr8W1.6C3Ni1.4Si coatings were fabricated on Ti6Al4V alloy using a laser thermal spraying(LTS).The surface and cross-section morphologies,phases and bonding strength of obtained coatings were investigated using scanning electronic microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and scratch test,respectively.The effects of laser power on the coefficients of friction(COFs)and corrosive-wear behaviors of Co30Cr8W1.6C3Ni1.4Si coatings were investigated using a wear tester in 3.5%NaCl solution,and the electrochemical corrosion performance was analyzed using an electrochemical workstation.The experimental results show that the Co30Cr8W1.6C3Ni1.4Si coating is bonded with the substrate in the metallurgical form,and the bonding strengths of Co30Cr8W1.6C3Ni1.4Si coatings fabricated at the laser power of 1000,1200,and 1400 W are 76.5,56.5,and 55.6 N,respectively.The average COFs of Co30Cr8W1.6C3Ni1.4Si coatings fabricated at the laser power of 1000,1200,and 1400 W are 0.769,0.893,and 0.941,respectively;and the corresponding wear rates are 0.267×105,0.3178×105,and 0.325×105μm3/Nm,respectively,which increases with the increase of laser power,the wear mechanism is primarily abrasive wear.The corrosion potential of Co30Cr8W1.6C3Ni1.4Si coatings fabricated at the laser power of 1000,1200,and 1400 W is-0.05,-0.25,and-0.31 V,respectively,higher than-0.45 V of substrate which enhances the electrochemical corrosion resistance of substrate.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF Ti(C,-N)-TiN COATING

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Hardness, toughness and electrochemical properties of Cr-N coating by ion beam enhanced deposition

The hardness, toughness and electrochemical properties of the CrN coatings were studied by the method of Ion Beam Enhanced DePosition(IBED). The results show that the fraction of CrN phase and its hardness increase with increasing N2 partial pressure and N ions bombarding energy in a certain range, but the toughness decreases. When the N ions: Cr atoms ratio changes from 1. 45 × 1O-2, 3. 67 × 10-2 to 5. 87 ×10 - 2, Cr2O3 is produced. In terms of corrosion resistance, the coated specimen shows a slight improvement in comparison with substrate 52100 steel. The Cr-N coated specimen is characterized with pitting corrosion by penetrating the agent throngh the defects involved very thin coating layer.

Microstructure and wear resistance of Fe-Cr-Ti-C reactive plasma cladding coating

Fe-Cr-Ti-C composite powder was synthesized by precursor carbonization-composition process using the mixture of ferrotitanium, chromium, iron powder and precursor sucrose as raw material. And then the Fe-Cr-Ti-C coating was prepared by reactive plasma cladding method. Microstructure of the samples was observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, the phases were determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and the wear resistance was evaluated under dry sliding wear test conditions at room temperature. Results indicate that the composite coating consists of primary austenite and dendritic eutectic austenite, chrysanthemum-shaped eutectic （Cr, Fe ） 7 C3 and TiC carbide. TiC presents the gradient distribution and different shapes in the coating, corresponding to equiaxial structure both in fusion zone and central zone, while it presents dendritic structure on the surface, respectively. The wear mass loss is insensitive to load for the coating while it increases rapidly for Q235 steel base metal in this test. The wear mass loss ofQ235 steel is 14 times as that of the composite coating under applied load of 40 kg.

Effect of VC/Cr_3C_2 on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

Effects of VC/Cr3C2 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets were studied. The microstructure was investigated by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry as well as scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive spectrometry. Mechanical properties, such as transverse rupture strength, hardness and fracture toughness, were measured. The results show that there are black core-grey rim structure and white core-grey rim structure in the microstructure. The grains become fine due to the VC/Cr3C2, and the grains of cermet added with 0.75VC/0.25Cr3C2 are refined most remarkably. The black core becomes finer with the increase of VC addition and rim phase becomes thicker with the decrease of Cr3C2 addition. The porosity increases with the increase of VC addition in VC/Cr3C2. Compared with the cermet free of VC/Cr3C2, the transverse rupture strength and hardness of cermets with VC/Cr3C2 are both improved, and the maximum values are both found for the cermet with 0.25VC/0.75Cr3C2. The fracture toughness can be effectively promoted by adding VC/Cr3C2 with an appropriate ratio of VC to Cr3C2, and the maximum value is found for the cermet with 0.5VC/0.5Cr3C2.

Ti(C,N)/40Cr钎焊接头残余应力数值计算

使用有限元法模拟计算了Cu箔、Mo箔对缓解Ti(C,N)/40Cr钎焊接头残余应力的效果。结果表明,无缓冲层直接钎焊,在Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷外侧靠近钎缝的狭小区域内产生较高的拉伸残余应力,其峰值达到268 MPa;使用屈服极限低的Cu箔,接头最大残余拉应力下降到98 MPa,缓解应力效果显著,但最大残余拉应力所处区域与无缓冲层相比没有明显变化;使用线膨胀系数小的Mo箔,应力峰值出现在Mo箔中,同时缓解应力效果不如Cu箔;无论使用Cu箔还是Mo箔,最佳厚度约为0.8 mm左右,大于或小于该厚度值,应力得不到有效释放。

磁控溅射C靶电流对Cr/C和Cr/C/N复合镀层组织和性能的影响

利用控溅射技术,通过改变溅射C靶电流工艺参数,在45#钢上制备出Cr/C和Cr/C/N复合镀层。用能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检测镀层的微观组织;用HX-1000型维氏显微硬度计、球-盘摩擦磨损试验机(POD)、光学显微镜(OM)测试镀层的力学性能。结果表明:随C靶电流增加,镀层微观结构都变得更加均匀和致密,硬度在变大,韧性在提高,耐磨性明显提高;所获C电流为1.2A的镀层有优异的摩擦磨损性能;Cr/C/N镀层综合力学性能优于Cr/C镀层。

Cr-Si-C-N系统中含Cr氮化物薄膜的结构及其摩擦学特性研究进展

目前广泛应用的含Cr的薄膜有Cr N薄膜,以及以Cr N薄膜为基础,通过添加Si和C元素形成的Cr Si N薄膜、Cr CN薄膜和Cr Si CN薄膜。综述上述4种薄膜的结构及其力学和摩擦学特性的研究进展,阐述在不同摩擦环境下掺杂元素含量对薄膜摩擦因数和磨损率的影响,指出Si和C元素的掺杂均能改善Cr N薄膜的摩擦学性能,并从结构角度分析其原因。