Spinal cord injury involves non-reversible damage to the central nervous system that is characterized by limited regenerative capacity and secondary inflammatory damage.The expression of the C-C motif chemokine ligand...Spinal cord injury involves non-reversible damage to the central nervous system that is characterized by limited regenerative capacity and secondary inflammatory damage.The expression of the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis exhibits significant differences before and after injury.Recent studies have revealed that the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis is closely associated with secondary inflammatory responses and the recruitment of immune cells following spinal cord injury,suggesting that this axis is a novel target and regulatory control point for treatment.This review comprehensively examines the therapeutic strategies targeting the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis,along with the regenerative and repair mechanisms linking the axis to spinal cord injury.Additionally,we summarize the upstream and downstream inflammatory signaling pathways associated with spinal cord injury and the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis.This review primarily elaborates on therapeutic strategies that target the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis and the latest progress of research on antagonistic drugs,along with the approaches used to exploit new therapeutic targets within the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis and the development of targeted drugs.Nevertheless,there are presently no clinical studies relating to spinal cord injury that are focusing on the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis.This review aims to provide new ideas and therapeutic strategies for the future treatment of spinal cord injury.展开更多
Electrochemical C-C and C-N coupling reactions with the conversion of abundant and inexpensive small molecules,such as CO_(2) and nitrogencontaining species,are considered a promising route for increasing the value of...Electrochemical C-C and C-N coupling reactions with the conversion of abundant and inexpensive small molecules,such as CO_(2) and nitrogencontaining species,are considered a promising route for increasing the value of CO_(2) reduction products.The development of high-performance catalysts is the key to the both electrocatalytic reactions.In this review,we present a systematic summary of the reaction systems for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction,along with the coupling mechanisms of C-C and C-N bonds over outstanding electrocatalytic materials recently developed.The key intermediate species and reaction pathways related to the coupling as well as the catalyst-structure relationship will be also discussed,aiming to provide insights and guidance for designing efficient CO_(2) reduction systems.展开更多
A new and simple route for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones via cleavage of the C-C(O)C single bond of monoalkylated β-diketone has been described. The reaction was catalyzed by copper, a cheap transition m...A new and simple route for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones via cleavage of the C-C(O)C single bond of monoalkylated β-diketone has been described. The reaction was catalyzed by copper, a cheap transition metal in a weakly basic medium (K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) at room temperature. To carry out this study, we first had to synthesize the monoalkylated β-diketones 1. Afterwards, α,β-unsaturated ketones 2 were obtained with high yields around 80%. Finally, all the products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. .展开更多
SF_6因具有良好的绝缘效果而被广泛地应用于电力系统中。但同时,SF_6也是一种温室气体,随着环境问题日益恶化,人们迫切需要找到替代SF_6的绝缘气体。为此,通过实验研究了环境友好气体c-C_4F_8及c-C_4F_8/N_2混合气体替代SF_6的可行性。...SF_6因具有良好的绝缘效果而被广泛地应用于电力系统中。但同时,SF_6也是一种温室气体,随着环境问题日益恶化,人们迫切需要找到替代SF_6的绝缘气体。为此,通过实验研究了环境友好气体c-C_4F_8及c-C_4F_8/N_2混合气体替代SF_6的可行性。通过调节电极间隙(1~6 mm)和气压(150~350 k Pa),测量了气体在不同条件下的击穿电压及击穿电流波形,得到了气体的绝缘特性并与SF_6气体进行了对比分析。实验结果表明:纯净的c-C_4F_8气体的绝缘强度约为SF_6的1.3倍,体积比为1:1的c-C_4F_8/N_2混合气体的绝缘强度约为与SF_6的0.9倍。通过计算,c-C_4F_8/N_2混合气体的液化温度可以达到电力系统使用要求。考虑到c-C_4F_8气体对于环境的影响较小,使用c-C_4F_8/N_2混合气体作为替代SF_6的绝缘气体,有着良好的应用前景。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Program),No.11932013the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program),No.82272255+2 种基金Armed Police Force High-Level Science and Technology Personnel ProjectThe Armed Police Force Focuses on Supporting Scientific and Technological Innovation TeamsKey Project of Tianjin Science and Technology Plan,No.20JCZDJC00570(all to XC)。
文摘Spinal cord injury involves non-reversible damage to the central nervous system that is characterized by limited regenerative capacity and secondary inflammatory damage.The expression of the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis exhibits significant differences before and after injury.Recent studies have revealed that the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis is closely associated with secondary inflammatory responses and the recruitment of immune cells following spinal cord injury,suggesting that this axis is a novel target and regulatory control point for treatment.This review comprehensively examines the therapeutic strategies targeting the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis,along with the regenerative and repair mechanisms linking the axis to spinal cord injury.Additionally,we summarize the upstream and downstream inflammatory signaling pathways associated with spinal cord injury and the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis.This review primarily elaborates on therapeutic strategies that target the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis and the latest progress of research on antagonistic drugs,along with the approaches used to exploit new therapeutic targets within the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis and the development of targeted drugs.Nevertheless,there are presently no clinical studies relating to spinal cord injury that are focusing on the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis.This review aims to provide new ideas and therapeutic strategies for the future treatment of spinal cord injury.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92261113 and No.21722308)Key Project of Frontier Science Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDB-SSWSLH024).
基金support from the Tangshan Talent Funding Project(Grant No.A202202007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22102136 and 21703065)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant Nos.B2018209267 and E2022209039)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2022CFB1001)Department of Education of Hubei Province(Grant No.Q20221701).
文摘Electrochemical C-C and C-N coupling reactions with the conversion of abundant and inexpensive small molecules,such as CO_(2) and nitrogencontaining species,are considered a promising route for increasing the value of CO_(2) reduction products.The development of high-performance catalysts is the key to the both electrocatalytic reactions.In this review,we present a systematic summary of the reaction systems for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction,along with the coupling mechanisms of C-C and C-N bonds over outstanding electrocatalytic materials recently developed.The key intermediate species and reaction pathways related to the coupling as well as the catalyst-structure relationship will be also discussed,aiming to provide insights and guidance for designing efficient CO_(2) reduction systems.
文摘A new and simple route for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones via cleavage of the C-C(O)C single bond of monoalkylated β-diketone has been described. The reaction was catalyzed by copper, a cheap transition metal in a weakly basic medium (K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) at room temperature. To carry out this study, we first had to synthesize the monoalkylated β-diketones 1. Afterwards, α,β-unsaturated ketones 2 were obtained with high yields around 80%. Finally, all the products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. .
文摘SF_6因具有良好的绝缘效果而被广泛地应用于电力系统中。但同时,SF_6也是一种温室气体,随着环境问题日益恶化,人们迫切需要找到替代SF_6的绝缘气体。为此,通过实验研究了环境友好气体c-C_4F_8及c-C_4F_8/N_2混合气体替代SF_6的可行性。通过调节电极间隙(1~6 mm)和气压(150~350 k Pa),测量了气体在不同条件下的击穿电压及击穿电流波形,得到了气体的绝缘特性并与SF_6气体进行了对比分析。实验结果表明:纯净的c-C_4F_8气体的绝缘强度约为SF_6的1.3倍,体积比为1:1的c-C_4F_8/N_2混合气体的绝缘强度约为与SF_6的0.9倍。通过计算,c-C_4F_8/N_2混合气体的液化温度可以达到电力系统使用要求。考虑到c-C_4F_8气体对于环境的影响较小,使用c-C_4F_8/N_2混合气体作为替代SF_6的绝缘气体,有着良好的应用前景。
