C-C趋化因子受体2阳性外泌体抑制单核细胞浸润改善缺血再灌注后心肌损伤的实验研究

目的探讨C-C趋化因子受体2阳性(CCR2^(+))外泌体调控小鼠心肌缺血再灌注(IR)损伤的作用机制。方法将12只C57小鼠完全随机分为野生型(WT)假手术组、WT手术(IR模型)组、CCR2-外泌体手术组和CCR2^(+)外泌体手术组,其中后3组均构建了心肌IR损伤模型并给予相应处理。超声检测心脏结构及功能;Masson三色特殊染色法检测心脏组织内胶原沉积;转移酶介导的脱氧尿苷三磷酸缺口末端标记法检测心肌细胞凋亡;免疫组织化学染色及实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应法检测单核细胞招募相关C-C趋化因子配体2(CCL2)表达以及单核细胞表面CCR2表达;流式细胞术检测心肌IR后梗死部位淋巴细胞抗原6复合体C(Ly6C)和CD_(43)单核细胞数量。结果心肌IR手术后7 d,CCR2^(+)外泌体手术组小鼠心脏纤维化面积小于IR模型组[(16.8±8.1)%比(45.7±3.8)%];射血分数明显低于WT假手术组,但高于IR模型组;小鼠心肌细胞凋亡数量小于IR模型组;小鼠心脏中CCR2蛋白相对表达量小于IR模型组;小鼠再灌注区域CCR2阳性细胞面积小于IR模型组;小鼠再灌注部位Ly6C+的单核细胞数明显低于IR模型组,CD_(43)^(+)的单核细胞数明显高于IR模型组;小鼠心脏中CCL2 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量小于IR模型组(均P<0.05)。结论CCR2^(+)外泌体表现出明显的抗心肌IR损伤的作用,其机制是CCL2表达减少抑制单核细胞浸润,从而减轻了心肌损伤和抑制心力衰竭。

乌头碱调节C-C基序趋化因子配体2/C-C基序趋化因子受体2信号通路对膀胱癌细胞抗肿瘤活性及其作用机制研究

目的 探讨乌头碱调节C-C基序趋化因子配体2(CCL2)/C-C基序趋化因子受体2(CCR2)信号通路对膀胱癌细胞抗肿瘤活性及其作用机制研究。方法 研究起止时间为2021年12月至2022年10月。采用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)法检测2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、30.0μmol/L乌头碱处理后的人膀胱癌5637细胞存活率,筛选出合适的乌头碱作用浓度。将5637细胞分为对照组、乌头碱低剂量(10μmol/L)组、乌头碱高剂量(20μmol/L)组、乌头碱高剂量(20μmol/L)+空载组、乌头碱高剂量(20μmol/L)+CCL2过表达组,分组处理后,采用CCK-8法、5-乙炔基-2’-脱氧尿苷(Edu)染色法及Hoechst 33258染色分别检测各组5637细胞存活率、增殖率、凋亡率;采用Transwell实验及划痕实验分别检测各组5637细胞侵袭数、迁移率;采用免疫荧光染色检测各组5637细胞凋亡相关蛋白BCL2相关X蛋白(Bax)和B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)表达比值(Bax/Bcl-2);采用免疫印迹法检测各组5637细胞CCL2/CCR2信号通路相关蛋白及上皮间质转化标志蛋白[神经钙黏素(N-cadherin)、锌指E盒结合同源盒1(ZEB1)、紧密连接蛋白1(ZO-1)、上皮钙黏素(E-cadherin)]表达。结果 与对照组相比,乌头碱低剂量组、乌头碱高剂量组、乌头碱高剂量+空载组细胞CCL2(0.69±0.09、0.20±0.03、0.19±0.04比1.21±0.13),CCR2(0.78±0.12、0.26±0.06、0.27±0.07比1.33±0.20)、Ncadherin(0.65±0.06、0.12±0.02、0.11±0.03比1.24±0.12)与ZEB1蛋白表达、存活率、增殖率、侵袭数、迁移率均降低(P<0.05),Bax/Bcl-2、细胞ZO-1与E-cadherin蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05);乌头碱高剂量组、乌头碱高剂量+空载组细胞CCL2、CCR2、N-cadherin与ZEB1蛋白表达、存活率、增殖率、侵袭数、迁移率相比乌头碱低剂量组进一步降低(P<0.05),Bax/Bcl-2、细胞ZO-1与Ecadherin蛋白表达进一步升高(P<0.05)。与乌头碱高剂量组相比,乌头碱高剂量+CCL2过表达组细胞CCL2、CCR2、N-cadherin与ZEB1蛋白表达、存活率、增殖率、侵袭数、迁移率升高(P<0.05),Bax/Bcl-2、细胞ZO-1与E-cadherin蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。结论 乌头碱可通过CCL2/CCR2信号通路而抑制膀胱癌细胞存活、增殖及侵袭和迁移,促使其凋亡。

银离子促进神经传导素分子内氢原子转移和C-C键解离反应

色氨酸、酪氨酸和组氨酸是三种基本的氨基酸,也是大脑营养代谢中重要神经传导素的前驱体。本文利用自制的反射式时间飞行质谱仪结合磁控溅射束源和下联管式反应器,在气相条件下研究了这三个氨基酸与银离子的相互作用,揭示了这些有机小分子在银离子的存在下容易解离并产生碎片和产物重组的现象,并利用密度泛函理论计算,阐明了其中的反应机制。研究发现,银离子能促进氢原子转移,进而影响竞争性的C_(α)-C_(β)和C_(β)-C_(γ)键解离反应。本研究丰富了对这类神经传导素分子基本规律与性质的精准认识,从而有助于深入理解生物体内类似生理过程的化学机制。

蓝光诱导苯基重氮乙酸酯与1,3-二酮的C-C键插入反应

卡宾是有机合成中的一类重要的活性中间体,可发生丰富的化学转化,在C-C键、C-H键、C-N键、C-O键和C-S键等构建中有重要应用。采用重氮化合物为卡宾前驱原料,在蓝光诱导下与1,3-二羰基化合物进行反应,合成了全碳季碳中心的1,4-二羰基产物。该方法的特点是不使用金属催化剂、有良好的产率和选择性、操作简单、绿色环保无污染。

A comparison study on structure-function relationship of polysaccharides obtained from sea buckthorn berries using different methods:antioxidant and bile acid-binding capacity

In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic(HRP-U),acid(HRP-C)and alkali(HRP-A)assisted extraction methods were investigated.The results demonstrated that extraction methods had significant effects on extraction yield,monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,particle size,triple-helical structure,and surface morphology of HRPs except for the major linkage bands.Thermogravimetric analysis showed that HRP-U with filamentous reticular microstructure exhibited better thermal stability.The HRP-A with the lowest molecular weight and highest arabinose content possessed the best antioxidant activities.Moreover,the rheological analysis indicated that HRPs with higher galacturonic acid content and molecular weight showed higher viscosity and stronger crosslinking network(HRP-C,HRP-W and HRP-U),which exhibited stronger bile acid binding capacity.The present findings provide scientific evidence in the preparation technology of sea buckthorn polysaccharides with good antioxidant and bile acid binding capacity which are related to the structure affected by the extraction methods.

Drilling-based measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock and its field application

The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(RCZ) is built. The formula for an ultimate cutting force is established based on the limit equilibrium principle. The relationship between digital drilling parameters(DDP) and the c-φ parameter(DDP-cφ formula, where c refers to the cohesion and φ refers to the internal friction angle) is derived, and the response of drilling parameters and cutting ratio to the strength parameters is analyzed. The drillingbased measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock is constructed. The laboratory verification test is then completed, and the difference in results between the drilling test and the compression test is less than 6%. On this basis, in-situ rock drilling tests in a traffic tunnel and a coal mine roadway are carried out, and the strength parameters of the surrounding rock are effectively tested. The average difference ratio of the results is less than 11%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method for obtaining the strength parameters based on digital drilling. This study provides methodological support for field testing of rock strength parameters.

Sparse Modal Decomposition Method Addressing Underdetermined Vortex-Induced Vibration Reconstruction Problem for Marine Risers

When investigating the vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of marine risers,extrapolating the dynamic response on the entire length based on limited sensor measurements is a crucial step in both laboratory experiments and fatigue monitoring of real risers.The problem is conventionally solved using the modal decomposition method,based on the principle that the response can be approximated by a weighted sum of limited vibration modes.However,the method is not valid when the problem is underdetermined,i.e.,the number of unknown mode weights is more than the number of known measurements.This study proposed a sparse modal decomposition method based on the compressed sensing theory and the Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit(Co Sa MP)algorithm,exploiting the sparsity of VIV in the modal space.In the validation study based on high-order VIV experiment data,the proposed method successfully reconstructed the response using only seven acceleration measurements when the conventional methods failed.A primary advantage of the proposed method is that it offers a completely data-driven approach for the underdetermined VIV reconstruction problem,which is more favorable than existing model-dependent solutions for many practical applications such as riser structural health monitoring.

Robustness Study and Superior Method Development and Validation for Analytical Assay Method of Atropine Sulfate in Pharmaceutical Ophthalmic Solution

Background: The robustness is a measurement of an analytical chemical method and its ability to contain unaffected by little with deliberate variation of analytical chemical method parameters. The analytical chemical method variation parameters are based on pH variability of buffer solution of mobile phase, organic ratio composition changes, stationary phase (column) manufacture, brand name and lot number variation;flow rate variation and temperature variation of chromatographic system. The analytical chemical method for assay of Atropine Sulfate conducted for robustness evaluation. The typical variation considered for mobile phase organic ratio change, change of pH, change of temperature, change of flow rate, change of column etc. Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop a cost effective, short run time and robust analytical chemical method for the assay quantification of Atropine in Pharmaceutical Ophthalmic Solution. This will help to make analytical decisions quickly for research and development scientists as well as will help with quality control product release for patient consumption. This analytical method will help to meet the market demand through quick quality control test of Atropine Ophthalmic Solution and it is very easy for maintaining (GDP) good documentation practices within the shortest period of time. Method: HPLC method has been selected for developing superior method to Compendial method. Both the compendial HPLC method and developed HPLC method was run into the same HPLC system to prove the superiority of developed method. Sensitivity, precision, reproducibility, accuracy parameters were considered for superiority of method. Mobile phase ratio change, pH of buffer solution, change of stationary phase temperature, change of flow rate and change of column were taken into consideration for robustness study of the developed method. Results: The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of developed method was much low than the compendial method. The % RSD for the six sample assay of developed method was 0.4% where the % RSD of the compendial method was 1.2%. The reproducibility between two analysts was 100.4% for developed method on the contrary the compendial method was 98.4%.

Hybrid Strategy of Partitioned and Monolithic Methods for Solving Strongly Coupled Analysis of Inverse and Direct Piezoelectric and Circuit Coupling

The inverse and direct piezoelectric and circuit coupling are widely observed in advanced electro-mechanical systems such as piezoelectric energy harvesters.Existing strongly coupled analysis methods based on direct numerical modeling for this phenomenon can be classified into partitioned or monolithic formulations.Each formulation has its advantages and disadvantages,and the choice depends on the characteristics of each coupled problem.This study proposes a new option:a coupled analysis strategy that combines the best features of the existing formulations,namely,the hybrid partitioned-monolithic method.The analysis of inverse piezoelectricity and the monolithic analysis of direct piezoelectric and circuit interaction are strongly coupled using a partitioned iterative hierarchical algorithm.In a typical benchmark problem of a piezoelectric energy harvester,this research compares the results from the proposed method to those from the conventional strongly coupled partitioned iterative method,discussing the accuracy,stability,and computational cost.The proposed hybrid concept is effective for coupled multi-physics problems,including various coupling conditions.

A review on electrocatalytic CO_(2) conversion via C-C and C-N coupling

Electrochemical C-C and C-N coupling reactions with the conversion of abundant and inexpensive small molecules,such as CO_(2) and nitrogencontaining species,are considered a promising route for increasing the value of CO_(2) reduction products.The development of high-performance catalysts is the key to the both electrocatalytic reactions.In this review,we present a systematic summary of the reaction systems for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction,along with the coupling mechanisms of C-C and C-N bonds over outstanding electrocatalytic materials recently developed.The key intermediate species and reaction pathways related to the coupling as well as the catalyst-structure relationship will be also discussed,aiming to provide insights and guidance for designing efficient CO_(2) reduction systems.

A High-Accuracy Curve Boundary Recognition Method Based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method and Immersed Moving Boundary Method

Applying numerical simulation technology to investigate fluid-solid interaction involving complex curved bound-aries is vital in aircraft design,ocean,and construction engineering.However,current methods such as Lattice Boltzmann(LBM)and the immersion boundary method based on solid ratio(IMB)have limitations in identifying custom curved boundaries.Meanwhile,IBM based on velocity correction(IBM-VC)suffers from inaccuracies and numerical instability.Therefore,this study introduces a high-accuracy curve boundary recognition method(IMB-CB),which identifies boundary nodes by moving the search box,and corrects the weighting function in LBM by calculating the solid ratio of the boundary nodes,achieving accurate recognition of custom curve boundaries.In addition,curve boundary image and dot methods are utilized to verify IMB-CB.The findings revealed that IMB-CB can accurately identify the boundary,showing an error of less than 1.8%with 500 lattices.Also,the flow in the custom curve boundary and aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA0012 airfoil are calculated and compared to IBM-VC.Results showed that IMB-CB yields lower lift and drag coefficient errors than IBM-VC,with a 1.45%drag coefficient error.In addition,the characteristic curve of IMB-CB is very stable,whereas that of IBM-VC is not.For the moving boundary problem,LBM-IMB-CB with discrete element method(DEM)is capable of accurately simulating the physical phenomena of multi-moving particle flow in complex curved pipelines.This research proposes a new curve boundary recognition method,which can significantly promote the stability and accuracy of fluid-solid interaction simulations and thus has huge applications in engineering.

Stability Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Additive Mixed-Precision Runge-Kutta Methods

Additive Runge-Kutta methods designed for preserving highly accurate solutions in mixed-precision computation were previously proposed and analyzed.These specially designed methods use reduced precision for the implicit computations and full precision for the explicit computations.In this work,we analyze the stability properties of these methods and their sensitivity to the low-precision rounding errors,and demonstrate their performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency.We develop codes in FORTRAN and Julia to solve nonlinear systems of ODEs and PDEs using the mixed-precision additive Runge-Kutta(MP-ARK)methods.The convergence,accuracy,and runtime of these methods are explored.We show that for a given level of accuracy,suitably chosen MP-ARK methods may provide significant reductions in runtime.

A Review on Sources,Extractions and Analysis Methods of a Sustainable Biomaterial:Tannins

Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.

High-Order Decoupled and Bound Preserving Local Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for a Class of Chemotaxis Models

In this paper,we explore bound preserving and high-order accurate local discontinuous Galerkin(LDG)schemes to solve a class of chemotaxis models,including the classical Keller-Segel(KS)model and two other density-dependent problems.We use the convex splitting method,the variant energy quadratization method,and the scalar auxiliary variable method coupled with the LDG method to construct first-order temporal accurate schemes based on the gradient flow structure of the models.These semi-implicit schemes are decoupled,energy stable,and can be extended to high accuracy schemes using the semi-implicit spectral deferred correction method.Many bound preserving DG discretizations are only worked on explicit time integration methods and are difficult to get high-order accuracy.To overcome these difficulties,we use the Lagrange multipliers to enforce the implicit or semi-implicit LDG schemes to satisfy the bound constraints at each time step.This bound preserving limiter results in the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition,which can be solved by an efficient active set semi-smooth Newton method.Various numerical experiments illustrate the high-order accuracy and the effect of bound preserving.

Review of Collocation Methods and Applications in Solving Science and Engineering Problems

The collocation method is a widely used numerical method for science and engineering problems governed by partial differential equations.This paper provides a comprehensive review of collocation methods and their applications,focused on elasticity,heat conduction,electromagnetic field analysis,and fluid dynamics.The merits of the collocation method can be attributed to the need for element mesh,simple implementation,high computational efficiency,and ease in handling irregular domain problems since the collocation method is a type of node-based numerical method.Beginning with the fundamental principles of the collocation method,the discretization process in the continuous domain is elucidated,and how the collocation method approximation solutions for solving differential equations are explained.Delving into the historical development of the collocation methods,their earliest applications and key milestones are traced,thereby demonstrating their evolution within the realm of numerical computation.The mathematical foundations of collocation methods,encompassing the selection of interpolation functions,definition of weighting functions,and derivation of integration rules,are examined in detail,emphasizing their significance in comprehending the method’s effectiveness and stability.At last,the practical application of the collocation methods in engineering contexts is emphasized,including heat conduction simulations,electromagnetic coupled field analysis,and fluid dynamics simulations.These specific case studies can underscore collocation method’s broad applicability and effectiveness in addressing complex engineering challenges.In conclusion,this paper puts forward the future development trend of the collocation method through rigorous analysis and discussion,thereby facilitating further advancements in research and practical applications within these fields.

The Adjustment Analysis Method of the Active Surface Antenna Based on Convolutional Neural Network

Active surface technique is one of the key technologies to ensure the reflector accuracy of the millimeter/submillimeter wave large reflector antenna.The antenna is complex,large-scale,and high-precision equipment,and its active surfaces are affected by various factors that are difficult to comprehensively deal with.In this paper,based on the advantage of the deep learning method that can be improved through data learning,we propose the active adjustment value analysis method of large reflector antenna based on deep learning.This method constructs a neural network model for antenna active adjustment analysis in view of the fact that a large reflector antenna consists of multiple panels spliced together.Based on the constraint that a single actuator has to support multiple panels(usually 4),an autonomously learned neural network emphasis layer module is designed to enhance the adaptability of the active adjustment neural network model.The classical 8-meter antenna is used as a case study,the actuators have a mean adjustment error of 0.00252 mm,and the corresponding antenna surface error is0.00523 mm.This active adjustment result shows the effectiveness of the method in this paper.

Generalized nth-Order Perturbation Method Based on Loop Subdivision Surface Boundary Element Method for Three-Dimensional Broadband Structural Acoustic Uncertainty Analysis

In this paper,a generalized nth-order perturbation method based on the isogeometric boundary element method is proposed for the uncertainty analysis of broadband structural acoustic scattering problems.The Burton-Miller method is employed to solve the problem of non-unique solutions that may be encountered in the external acoustic field,and the nth-order discretization formulation of the boundary integral equation is derived.In addition,the computation of loop subdivision surfaces and the subdivision rules are introduced.In order to confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm,the computed results are contrasted and analyzed with the results under Monte Carlo simulations(MCs)through several numerical examples.

Stabilization With Prescribed Instant via Lyapunov Method

Dear Editor,This letter presents a prescribed-instant stabilization approach to high-order integrator systems by the Lyapunov method. Under the presented controller, the settling time of controlled systems is independent of the initial conditions and equals the prescribed time instant.

Random Green's Function Method for Large-Scale Electronic Structure Calculation

We report a linear-scaling random Green's function(rGF) method for large-scale electronic structure calculation. In this method, the rGF is defined on a set of random states and is efficiently calculated by projecting onto Krylov subspace. With the rGF method, the Fermi–Dirac operator can be obtained directly, avoiding the polynomial expansion to Fermi–Dirac function. To demonstrate the applicability, we implement the rGF method with the density-functional tight-binding method. It is shown that the Krylov subspace can maintain at small size for materials with different gaps at zero temperature, including H_(2)O and Si clusters. We find with a simple deflation technique that the rGF self-consistent calculation of H_(2)O clusters at T = 0 K can reach an error of~ 1 me V per H_(2)O molecule in total energy, compared to deterministic calculations. The rGF method provides an effective stochastic method for large-scale electronic structure simulation.

Upper and Lower Bounds of the α-Universal Triple I Method for Unified Interval Implications

Theα-universal triple I(α-UTI)method is a recognized scheme in the field of fuzzy reasoning,whichwas proposed by our research group previously.The robustness of fuzzy reasoning determines the quality of reasoning algorithms to a large extent,which is quantified by calculating the disparity between the output of fuzzy reasoning with interference and the output without interference.Therefore,in this study,the interval robustness(embodied as the interval stability)of theα-UTI method is explored in the interval-valued fuzzy environment.To begin with,the stability of theα-UTI method is explored for the case of an individual rule,and the upper and lower bounds of its results are estimated,using four kinds of unified interval implications(including the R-interval implication,the S-interval implication,the QL-interval implication and the interval t-norm implication).Through analysis,it is found that theα-UTI method exhibits good interval stability for an individual rule.Moreover,the stability of theα-UTI method is revealed in the case of multiple rules,and the upper and lower bounds of its outcomes are estimated.The results show that theα-UTI method is stable for multiple rules when four kinds of unified interval implications are used,respectively.Lastly,theα-UTI reasoning chain method is presented,which contains a chain structure with multiple layers.The corresponding solutions and their interval perturbations are investigated.It is found that theα-UTI reasoning chain method is stable in the case of chain reasoning.Two application examples in affective computing are given to verify the stability of theα-UTImethod.In summary,through theoretical proof and example verification,it is found that theα-UTImethod has good interval robustness with four kinds of unified interval implications aiming at the situations of an individual rule,multi-rule and reasoning chain.