Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis BLa80 on fecal and mucosal flora and stem cell factor/c-kit signaling pathway in simulated microgravity rats

BACKGROUND Simulated microgravity environment can lead to gastrointestinal motility disturbance.The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal motility disorders is closely related to the stem cell factor(SCF)/c-kit signaling pathway associated with intestinal flora and Cajal stromal cells.Moreover,intestinal flora can also affect the regulation of SCF/c-kit signaling pathway,thus affecting the expression of Cajal stromal cells.Cajal cells are the pacemakers of gastrointestinal motility.AIM To investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium lactis(B.lactis)BLa80 on the intestinal flora of rats in simulated microgravity and on the gastrointestinal motility-related SCF/c-kit pathway.METHODS The internationally recognized tail suspension animal model was used to simulate the microgravity environment,and 30 rats were randomly divided into control group,tail suspension group and drug administration tail suspension group with 10 rats in each group for a total of 28 days.The tail group was given B.lactis BLa80 by intragastric administration,and the other two groups were given water intragastric administration,the concentration of intragastric administration was 0.1 g/mL,and each rat was 1 mL/day.Hematoxylin&eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in each segment of the intestine of each group,and the expression levels of SCF,c-kit,extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)and p-ERK in the gastric antrum of each group were detected by Western blotting and PCR.The fecal flora and mucosal flora of rats in each group were detected by 16S rRNA.RESULTS Simulated microgravity resulted in severe exfoliation of villi of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in rats,marked damage,increased space between villi,loose arrangement,shortened columnar epithelium of colon,less folds,narrower mucosal thickness,reduced goblet cell number and crypts,and significant improvement after probiotic intervention.Simulated microgravity reduced the expressions of SCF and c-kit,and increased the expressions of ERK and P-ERK in the gastric antrum of rats.However,after probiotic intervention,the expressions of SCF and ckit were increased,while the expressions of ERK and P-ERK were decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).In addition,simulated microgravity can reduce the operational taxonomic unit(OTU)of the overall intestinal flora of rats,B.lactis BLa80 can increase the OTU of rats,simulated microgravity can reduce the overall richness and diversity of stool flora of rats,increase the abundance of firmicutes in stool flora of rats,and reduce the abundance of Bacteroides in stool flora of rats,most of which are mainly beneficial bacteria.Simulated microgravity can increase the overall richness and diversity of mucosal flora,increase the abundance of Bacteroides and Desulphurides in the rat mucosal flora,and decrease the abundance of firmicutes,most of which are proteobacteria.After probiotics intervention,the overall Bacteroidetes trend in simulated microgravity rats was increased.CONCLUSION B.lactis BLa80 can ameliorate intestinal mucosal injury,regulate intestinal flora,inhibit ERK expression,and activate the SCF/c-kit signaling pathway,which may have a facilitating effect on gastrointestinal motility in simulated microgravity rats.

c-KIT受体蛋白在犬皮肤肥大细胞瘤中的作用及其应用

皮肤肥大细胞瘤(MCT)是犬发生率较高的皮肤肿瘤类型之一,多发于老年犬,是危害犬类健康的重要疾病之一。c-KIT受体蛋白是一种跨膜蛋白,具有酪氨酸激酶活性,可调控肥大细胞的生长和分化。本文旨在阐明c-KIT受体蛋白在犬皮肤MCT中的作用及其应用,总结了c-KIT受体蛋白在肥大细胞增殖调控中的作用,深入探讨了c-KIT受体蛋白检测在犬皮肤MCT诊断中的应用价值,明确了c-KIT受体蛋白在犬皮肤MCT发生发展中的作用,同时也为进一步研究c-KIT受体蛋白在犬皮肤MCT中的发病机制提供了重要参考。

Effects of Cadmium on Hepatocellular DNA Damage,Proto-Oncogene Expression and Apoptosis in Rats

Objective To study the effects of cadmium on hepatocellular DNA damage, expression of proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun as well as apoptosis in rats. Methods Cadmium chloride at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg was given to rats by i.p. and there were 5 male SD rats in each group. Hepatocellular DNA damage was measured by single cell gel electrophoresis （or comet assay）, while expression of proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun in rat hepatocytes were measured by Northern dot hybridization. C-Myc, c-Fos, and c-Jun were detected with immuno-histochemical method. Hepatocellular apoptosis was determined by TUNEL （TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labelling） and flow cytometry. Results At the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg, cadmium chloride induced DNA damage in rat hepatocytes and the rates of comet cells were 50.20%, 88.40%, and 93.80%, respectively. Results also showed an obvious dose-response relationship between the rates of comet cells and the dose of cadmium chloride （r=0.9172, P〈0.01）. Cadmium chloride at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg induced expression of proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun. The positive brown-yellow signal for c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun was mainly located in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes with immunohistochemical method. TUNEL-positive cells were detected in cadmium-treated rat livers. Apoptotic rates （%） of cadmium-treated liver cells at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg were （17.24 ±2.98）, （20.58± 1.35）, and （24.06±1.77） respectively, being significantly higher than those in the control. The results also displayed an obvious dose-response relationship between apoptotic rates and the dose of cadmium chloride （r=0.8619, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Cadmium at 5-20 μmol/kg can induce hepatocellular DNA damage, expression of proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun as well as apoptosis in rats.

Current concepts in ameloblastoma-targeted therapies in B-raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase V600E mutation: Systematic review

BACKGROUND Ameloblastomas are common benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasms that present an aggressive and unpredictable behavior that may modify treatment strategies.Different signaling pathways that participate in the progression of these tumors have been identified.B-raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase(BRAF)is a protein involved in the behavior of ameloblastomas,and it is related to many cell mechanisms.BRAF gene mutations have been identified in ameloblastomas,of which the BRAF V600E(valine substituted by glutamic acid at amino acid 600)mutation has been the most common and can be present concomitantly with other mutations that may be involved in its behavior.Targeted therapies have been used as an alternative in the case of resistance or contraindications to conventional treatments.AIM To document the presence of BRAF V600E and additional mutations,their behavior,and targeted therapies in these tumors.METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane,EMBASE,and SpringerLink using the terms“ameloblastomas”,“BRAF V600E”,“additional mutations”,and“targeted therapies”.Ameloblastomas were classified according to WHO guidelines.Inclusion criteria were articles in English,published not more than 10 years ago,and studies with laboratory works related to BRAF V600E.Articles were evaluated by two independent reviewers and retrieved for full-text evaluation.The EBLIP Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the eligible studies.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.RESULTS Two independent reviewers,with a substantial concordance indicated by a kappa coefficient of k=0.76,evaluated a total of 19 articles that were included in this study.The analysis registered 521 conventional ameloblastomas(AM),81 unicystic ameloblastomas(UA),13 ameloblastic carcinomas(AC),three metastatic ameloblastomas(MA),and six peripheral ameloblastomas(PA),of which the histopathological type,anatomic location,laboratory tests,expression of BRAF mutation,and additional mutations were registered.The BRAF V600E mutation was found in 297 AM(57%),63 UA(77.7%),3 AC(23%),1 MA(50%),and 5 PA(83.3%).Follicular type predominated with a total of 116 cases(40%),followed by plexiform type with 63 cases(22.1%).Furthermore,both types presented additional mutations,in which alterations in JAK3 P132T,SMARCB1,PIK3CA,CTNNB1,SMO,and BRAF G606E genes were found.Four case reports were found with targeted therapy to BRAF V600E.CONCLUSION The identification of BRAF V600E and additional mutations as an aid in targeted therapies has been a breakthrough in alternative treatments of ameloblastomas where surgical treatments are contraindicated.

Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene in Chinese familial hirschsprung's disease

AIM: To investigate the relationship between mutations of rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene and Chinese patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD), and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of familial HD patient at the molecular level.METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood of probands and their relatives in two genealogies.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, which were amplified using specific primers (RET, exons 11, 13, 15and 17), were electrophoresed to analyze the single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) patterns. The positive amplified products were sequenced. Forty-eight sporadic HD patients and 30 normal children were screened for mutations of RET proto-oncogene simultaneously.RESULTS: Three cases with HD in one family were found to have a G heterozygous insertion at nucleotide 18 974 in exon 13 of RET cDNA (18 974insG), which resulted in a frameshift mutation. In another family, a heterozygosity for T to G transition at nucleotide 18 888 in the same exon which resulted in a synonymous mutation of Leu at codon 745 was detected in the proband and his father. Eight RET mutations were confirmed in 48 sporadic HD patients.CONCLUSION: Mutations of RET proto-oncogene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Chinese patients with HD. Detection of mutated RET proto-oncogene carriers may be used for genetic counseling of potential risk for HD in the affected families.

Expressions of estrogen receptor subtypes and c-met proto-oncogene in endometrial carcinoma and their correlation

Objective To investigate the expressions of estrogen receptor(ER)subtypes and c-met proto-oncogene in human endometrial carcinomas and to assess the clinical significance of ER and c-met in this carcinoma.Methods Reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR)was used to detect the expressions of ERα,ERβ and c-met proto-oncogene mRNA in 30 samples of endometrial carcinoma and 11 samples of normal endometrium.Results The expression of ERα in endometrial carcinoma(0.70±0.40)was significantly reduced in comparison to that in normal endometrium(1.14±0.56,P<0.05).A similar finding was made for the expression of ERβ in carcinoma(0.24±0.18)versus normal tissues(0.48±0.20,P<0.05).In contrast,c-met mRNA expression was increased in endometrial carcinoma(1.45±0.72)compared to that in normal endometrium(0.42±0.31,P<0.01).A decrease tendency of the expression of ERα was also found from Stage Ⅰ(0.82±0.41)to a more severe Stag Ⅱ-Ⅲ of endometrial carcinoma(0.42±0.17,P<0.05).The analysis of ERα and ERβ mRNA revealed a decrease tendency from shallow to deep invasion of the uterine muscles(P<0.05).We found that the expressions of ERα and ERβ were negatively correlated with c-met proto-oncogene with a coefficient correlation of-0.63(P<0.01)and-0.32(P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion ERα and ERβ are both involved in mutagenic action of carcinogen.C-met proto-oncogene plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of endometrial carcinoma.C-met and ER expressions show a negative correlation in the development of endometrial carcinoma.

温胃阳汤对功能性消化不良大鼠肥大细胞活化及SCF/c-Kit信号通路的影响

目的:基于肥大细胞活化及干细胞因子(stem cell factor,SCF)/受体酪氨酸激酶c-Kit信号通路探讨温胃阳汤治疗大鼠功能性消化不良的作用机制。方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,雷尼替丁组及温胃阳汤低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。空白组大鼠不予造模,其他各组采用夹尾刺激加不规则喂养复合番泻叶法建立大鼠功能性消化不良模型,模型建立后,空白组及模型组灌胃给予生理盐水,温胃阳汤低、中、高剂量组和雷尼替丁组则分别用温胃阳汤(0.743 g/mL、1.485 g/mL和2.970 g/mL)及盐酸雷尼替丁胶囊(3 g/L)灌胃。治疗结束后,以碳墨推进法测定小肠推进率;采用甲苯胺蓝染色观察大鼠十二指肠组织肥大细胞并计数;ELISA测定大鼠十二指肠中肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶(mast cell tryptase,MCT)和组胺(histamine,HA)的含量;RT-qPCR检测十二指肠中SCF和c-Kit mRNA的表达;Western blot和免疫组化检测十二指肠中SCF和c-Kit蛋白的表达水平。结果:与模型组相比,温胃阳汤治疗显著提高大鼠的小肠推进率(P<0.05);ELISA结果显示,温胃阳汤治疗可减少大鼠十二指肠黏膜组织肥大细胞数量及MCT和HA含量(P<0.05);Western blot和免疫组化结果表明,温胃阳汤治疗可上调大鼠十二指肠组织c-Kit和SCF蛋白的表达水平(P<0.05),增加SCF和c-Kit阳性细胞数(P<0.05);RT-qPCR结果显示,WWYD治疗可上调大鼠十二指肠组织c-Kit和SCF mRNA的表达(P<0.01)。而且,小肠推进率分别与MCT和HA含量呈负相关,与SCF和c-Kit的表达呈正相关。结论:温胃阳汤能促进大鼠十二指肠动力,其作用机制可能与抑制大鼠十二指肠MCT和HA的生成,及激活SCF/c-Kit信号通路有关。

基于drop-off ddPCR方法检测急性髓系白血病C-KIT基因N822位点突变及其临床应用

目的:建立急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia, AML)患者C-KIT基因N822位点突变的drop-off微滴式数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)定量检测方法,并评价其临床应用价值。方法:针对C-KIT基因第17外显子设计一对引物及探针,优化drop-off ddPCR反应条件及体系,评价该方法的特异性、灵敏度、重复性,使用所建立的方法对140例已行Sanger测序的AML初诊患者骨髓标本进行检测,并用二代测序(next generation sequencing, NGS)验证结果;用drop-off ddPCR对3例阳性患者化疗后C-KIT突变频率进行动态监测。结果:drop-off ddPCR检测C-KIT基因N822位点突变的最适退火温度为54℃,空白检测限为1.62拷贝数/μL,最低检测下限为10.12拷贝数/μL,线性良好。140例AML初诊患者样本中Sanger测序检出2例阳性(1.4%),而ddPCR共检出突变7例(5.0%),突变频率为0.29%~7.41%;进一步应用常规NGS方法对ddPCR阳性样本进行验证,共检出阳性3例(2.1%),等位基因频率为1.26%~8.00%。动态监测3例阳性患者C-KIT突变频率,结果显示治疗达完全缓解时C-KIT突变频率明显下降甚至降低至0。结论:本研究建立了检测C-KIT基因N822位点突变的drop-off ddPCR技术,具有良好的方法学检测性能,其灵敏度高于Sanger测序和NGS,有望用于阳性患者缓解后的可检测残留疾病监测及治疗指导。

SCF/c-Kit在小鼠隐睾模型中的表达变化及意义

目的:观察干细胞因子(SCF)与原癌基因c-Kit在小鼠隐睾模型睾丸组织中的表达变化。方法:将妊娠BALB/c小鼠随机分成A、B、C、D、E五组;在妊娠第12~21天持续10 d经给予氟他胺灌胃,剂量依次为0 mg/kg、150 mg/kg、300 mg/kg、500 mg/kg、700 mg/kg,在子代小鼠出生后第8周时采用Real-Time PCR法检测其睾丸组织SCF mRNA的相对表达量,运用量子点技术检测c-Kit在组织中的表达情况。结果:小鼠隐睾模型诱导成功。五组中小鼠睾丸组织SCF mRNA的相对表达量分别为1.00±0.01、0.78±0.04、0.61±0.03、0.45±0.05、0.35±0.03,SCF mRNA的表达依次降低,与A组相比(P<0.05)。c-Kit在实验组的表达明显少于对照组。结论:在氟他胺诱导的小鼠隐睾模型中,小鼠睾丸组织SCF mRNA与c-Kit表达的下降可能是隐睾小鼠生精功能受损的重要原因之一。

哺乳动物毛色候选基因c-KIT的研究进展

哺乳动物的皮毛颜色主要受毛发中黑色素的种类和数量影响。c-KIT基因编码一种酪氨酸激酶跨膜受体,被称为肥大/干细胞生长因子受体,与黑色素生物合成相关。c-KIT基因突变会抑制干细胞生长因子受体功能,导致黑色素细胞的生成、成熟、增殖、分化和迁移等过程受到影响。本文就哺乳动物毛色形成的机制和主效基因、c-KIT基因的作用机理及其对哺乳动物毛色的影响进行综述,以期为深入研究哺乳动物毛色遗传机制以及不同毛色的选种和选育提供参考依据。

Mutation of RET proto-oncogene in Hirschsprung's disease and intestinal neuronal dysplasia

AIM： To investigate the genetic relationship between Hirschsprung＇s disease （HD） and intestinal neuronal dysplasia （IND） in Chinese population.METHODS： Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 30 HD patients, 20 IND patients, 18 HD/IND combined patients and 20 normal individuals as control. Genomic DNA was extracted according to standard procedure. Exons 11,13,15,i7 of RET proto-oncogene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The mutations of RET proto-oncogene were analyzed by single strand conformational polymorphism （SSCP） and sequencing of the positive amplified products was performed.RESULTS： Eight germline sequence variants were detected. In HD patients, 2 missense mutations in exon 11 at nucleotide 15165 G→A （G667S）, 2 frameshifc mutations in exon 13 at nucleotide 18974 （18974insG）, 1 missense mutation in exon 13 at nucleotide 18919 A→G （K756E） and 1 silent mutation in exon 15 at nucleotide 20692 G→A（Q916Q） were detected. In HD/IND combined patients, 1 missense mutation in exon 11 at nucleotide 15165 G→A and 1 silent mutation in exon 13 at nucleotide 18888 T→G （L745L） were detected. No mutation was found in IND patients and controls.CONCLUSION： Mutation of RET proto-oncogene is involved in the etiopathogenesis of HD. The frequency of REr proto-oncogene mutation is quite different between IND and HD in Chinese population, IND is a distinct clinical entity genetically different from HD.

THE PRELIMINARY APPLICATION OF IN SITU HYBRIDI-ZATION IN DETECTING PROTO-ONCOGENES EXPRESSION IN HUMAN LEUKEMIC CELLS

An in situ hybridization technique with 35S labelled proto-oncogene probes (c-myc & c-fes) was used to detect their expression in bone marrow cells of 22 cases of leukemia of various types and immature granulocytes and erythroblasts of 16 nomal myelograms as controls. Both c-myc and c-fes were detectable in leukemic cells as well as in immature granulocytes and erythroblasts of normal bone marrow, but the expression extent varied in different cases. The levels of c-myc expression in leukemic cells were higher than those in controls (P<0.001). There was no difference of c-fes expression in two groups of bone marrow cells (P>0.05). This technique provides us a new method in studying variations of proto-oncogene expression in leukemic cells.

Malignant pheochromocytoma in neurofibromatosis; mutation screening of RET proto-oncogene, VHL and SDH gene

AIM: To investigate pathogenic mutations related to malignant pheochromocytoma in neurofibromatosis(NF).METHODS: We present a patient with NF and metastatic pheochromocytoma in whom genetic screening for presence of pathogenic mutations in RET protooncogene, von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunits B(SDHB) genes were investigated. RET proto-oncogene mutation screening for exons 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 were examined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and direct DNA sequencing in patient. Mutation screening for exons 1, 2, 3 of VHL gene was carried out. Both forward and reverse strandswere subjected to direct sequencing after PCR amplification. The entire coding sequence of SDHB gene was screened for the presence of pathogenic mutations by PCR-sequencing.RESULTS: A 45-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and hypertension over the previous year. The patient was a known case of neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) who presented at the age of 15 years with hyperpigmented and hypopigmented lesions. After complete evaluation for hypertension, biochemical tests and imagings indicated a malignant pheochromocytoma of 120 mm × 70 mm in size. The patient underwent left adrenalectomy, nephrectomy and splenectomy. After surgery the symptoms improved and blood pressure was controlled. After 5 years he was admitted again for evaluation of hypertensive crisis. Biochemical tests were again consistent with pheochromocytoma and disease relapse. Imaging studies and liver biopsy confirmed metastatic pheochromocytoma to the liver and para-aortic area. 131 Iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy was carried out. Genetic screening of VHL(exons 1, 2, 3), RET proto-oncogene(exons 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16) and SDH complex subunits revealed no pathogenic mutation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that mutations in the NF1 gene are responsible for the patient's clinical findings. However, would be helpful to further examine somatic mutations for a more precise study of genotypephenotype correlation.

基于SCF/C-kit信号通路探讨益髓破血方改善脑出血小鼠肠动力“通腑”作用机制

目的观察益髓破血方对脑出血小鼠排便情况与结肠组织干细胞因子(stem cell factor,SCF)/酪氨酸激酶受体(kit proto-oncogene,C-kit)信号通路的影响,探讨益髓破血方调节脑出血小鼠肠动力通腑作用机制。方法将54只SPF级健康雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机均分为假手术组、模型组与方剂治疗组,采用鼠尾自体血注入法制作实验性脑出血模型,假手术组只进针不注射。方剂治疗组给予1 g/mL益髓破血方悬浊液灌胃,假手术组、模型组给予等体积生理盐水灌胃,每天1次。观察各组小鼠排便情况,记录第1天、第3天、第7天同时段6 h内的排便量以及末次灌胃后首次排便间隔时间,并于相同时间分段点处死小鼠取材,采用免疫组化和Western Blot法检测小鼠结肠组织中的SCF、C-kit蛋白。结果与假手术组比较,模型组小鼠第1天、第3天、第7天各6 h内排便量显著减少(P<0.05),末次灌胃首次排便时间明显滞后(P<0.05),结肠组织中SCF、C-kit蛋白表达显著减少(P<0.05),且随周期延长呈逐渐降低趋势;与模型组比较,方剂治疗组第1天、第3天、第7天各6 h内排便量相对增多(P<0.05),首次排便时间缩短(P<0.05),SCF、C-kit蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),且随时间推移逐渐向正常量恢复。结论益髓破血方干预治疗脑出血小鼠,可以增加肠动力,促进排便,发挥通腑作用使肠功能恢复,改善脑出血后便秘,其机制可能与SCF/C-kit信号通路有关。

基于SCF/c-kit信号通路探讨理气通便方对气滞型慢传输型便秘大鼠肠道动力的影响

目的 基于SCF/c-kit信号通路探讨理气通便方对气滞型慢传输型便秘(STC)大鼠肠道动力的影响。方法 将36只Wistar雌性大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组6只和造模组30只。造模组采用“洛哌丁胺混悬液+夹尾刺激”复制气滞型STC大鼠模型,连续刺激14 d。当大鼠表现出激惹、易怒、烦躁等情况,正常喂养饲料时出现大便干硬、排便数量减少等表现时,说明气滞型便秘模型造模成功。将造模成功的大鼠按照随机数字表法分为模型组、西药组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组各6只,低、中、高剂量组分别按5.15、10.3、20.6 g/(kg·d)给予理气通便方药液灌胃;西药组按0.18 mg/(kg·d)给予琥珀酸普芦卡必利片混悬液灌胃;对照组和模型组按10 mL/(kg·d)给予无菌水灌胃,每日1次,连续灌胃14 d。比较6组末次给药后6 h的粪便排出量、粪便含水量和小肠推进率;HE染色观察结肠组织病理变化;免疫组化检测结肠组织c-kit蛋白表达水平;Western blot检测结肠组织c-kit、SCF蛋白表达量。结果 HE染色显示:对照组大鼠结肠黏膜完整,杯状细胞和腺体排列整齐,未见炎症细胞聚集;模型组结肠黏膜出现肠腺排列欠整齐,黏膜下层间质血管扩张;各给药组结肠黏膜肠腺排列整齐,未观察到明显上皮损伤。与对照组比较,模型组粪便排出量、粪便含水量和小肠推进率均明显降低(P<0.05),结肠组织c-kit蛋白表达水平和c-kit、SCF蛋白表达量均明显降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,西药组、中剂量组、高剂量组粪便排出量、粪便含水率和小肠推进率均明显提高(P<0.05),低剂量组粪便排出量和粪便含水率均明显提高(P<0.05);给药组结肠组织c-kit蛋白表达水平均明显提高(P<0.05);低、中、高剂量组结肠组织c-kit蛋白表达量均明显提高(P<0.05),高剂量组SCF蛋白表达量明显提高(P<0.05)。结论 理气通便方可提高气滞型STC模型大鼠结肠组织中ICC的表达及调控SCF/c-kit信号通路,恢复对胃肠道节律的正常调控来改善便秘的症状。

A NOVEL Ser73Gly VARIATION OF SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE,SUBUNIT D AND A Cys634Gly MUTATION IN Ret PROTO-ONCOGENE OBSERVED IN A CHINESE MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2A PATIENT

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A （ MEN2A ） is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome that is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma （MTC）, pheochromaocytoma （50% - 60% of cases ）, and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands （ 20% - 30% of cases ）. MEN-2A comprises a heterogeneous group of neoplastic disorders that most commonly have a single missense substitution of the Ret proto-oncogene （RET） involving exons 10 and 11. Here, we reported a novel case of MEN2A associated with two variations in two distinct genes, Cys634Gly in RET and a rare Ser73Gly substitution in succinate dehydrogenase, subunit D （SDHD）. Because the patient presented with medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma but without parathyroid gland involvement, we speculated that this clinical feature could be correlated with the two substitutions. This is the first report of a MEN2A case involving two different changes one in the RET gene and the other in the SDHD gene.

二陈汤通过调控SCF/C-kit通路介导的痰湿型脑出血急性期胃肠功能障碍的研究

目的通过观察二陈汤对痰湿证脑出血急性期大鼠胃肠组织干细胞因子(stemcellfactor,SCF)/干细胞因子受体(C-kit)信号通路的动态变化的影响,探讨痰湿型体质与脑出血急性期胃肠功能障碍的关系及二陈汤的作用机制。方法将60只SD大鼠随机均分为空白组、假手术组、模型组、莫沙必利组(0.27 mg/d)、二陈汤低剂量组和二陈汤高剂量组(217、434 mg/d),每组10只。除空白组、假手术组外其余各组均采用自体血注入法制备大鼠脑出血模型,各组按剂量给予灌胃,空白组、假手术组、模型组给予生理盐水灌胃,每天2次,于给药7天处死大鼠,采用苏木精—伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色法观察大鼠胃肠黏膜细胞形态变化,采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR,RT-PCR)法和蛋白印迹(Western blot,WB)法检测大鼠胃、小肠组织中的SCF、C-kit蛋白及mRNA的表达水平。结果光镜下见空白组、假手术组大鼠胃肠黏膜细胞结构完整、形态规则,偶见轻微充血现象;模型组见组织细胞充血、水肿、炎性细胞浸润明显、组织糜烂;莫沙必利组及二陈汤低、高剂量组胃肠黏膜各层次欠清晰、排列不规则,部分组织可见组织细胞充血、水肿、炎性细胞浸润,此3组中以二陈汤低剂量组胃肠黏膜表现最为严重。模型组大鼠胃肠组织中SCF、C-kit mRNA表达水平较空白组、假手术组显著降低(P<0.05),莫沙必利组、二陈汤低剂量组、二陈汤高剂量组的表达增加(P<0.05),莫沙必利组和二陈汤高剂量组大鼠胃组织中的SCF mRNA表达显著增加(P<0.05),二陈汤高剂量组C-kit mRNA表达显著增加(P<0.05);小肠组织中的SCF、C-kit mRNA含量随二陈汤浓度提高而增加(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,莫沙必利组、二陈汤低、高剂量组大鼠胃肠组织中SCF、C-kit蛋白表达水平较模型组显著升高(P<0.05),三组中以莫沙必利及高剂量二陈汤效果更佳(P<0.05)。结论脑出血急性期痰湿型胃肠黏膜损伤及功能障碍的作用机制与SCF/C-kit信号通路相关蛋白及mRNA的表达降低有关,二陈汤可通过此机制进行有效干预,上调相关蛋白及mRNA的表达,有利于脑出血急性期胃肠功能障碍恢复。

Effect of cisplatin-based concurrent radiochemotherapy on malignant degree of advanced cervical cancer and expression of proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor genes

Objective:To study the effect of cisplatin-based concurrent radiochemotherapy on the malignant degree of advanced cervical cancer and the expression of proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor genes.Methods: A total of 82 patients with advanced cervical cancer who were treated in our hospital between July 2013 and December 2016 were collected and divided into control group and observation group according to random number table, with 41 cases in each group. The control group of patients received radiotherapy alone, while the observation group of patients received cisplatin-based concurrent radiochemotherapy. Tumor marker levels in serum as well as proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression in tumor tissue were compared between two groups of patients before and after treatment.Results:Before treatment, differences in tumor marker levels in serum as well as proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression in tumor tissue were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After treatment, serum tumor markers SCC, CA50, CA724 and CEA levels of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group;proto-oncogene DEK, c-myc and PIK3CA mRNA expression in tumor tissue were significantly lower than those of control group;tumor suppressor genes p53, SOCS-1, FHIT and PTEN mRNA expression in tumor tissue were significantly higher than those of control group.Conclusions:Cisplatin-based concurrent radiochemotherapy can effectively reduce the tumor malignancy and balance the proto-oncogene / tumor suppressor gene expression in patients with advanced cervical cancer.

鼠性成熟前期睾丸扭转对性成熟期健侧睾丸C-kit、PI3K表达的影响研究

目的 探究鼠性成熟前期睾丸扭转后,对处于不同状态的扭转睾丸,特别是扭转疑似坏死睾丸,采取何种手术方式(复位/切除),可最大限度地降低性成熟期健侧睾丸生精功能的损害。方法 采用Turner法制作鼠性成熟前期的睾丸扭转模型,56只3周龄雄性SD鼠,随机分成7组,每组8只。任选一组行假手术,作为对照组(CG);余6组分别制作扭转未坏死睾丸复位组(NNTR)/切除组(NNTO),扭转疑似坏死睾丸复位组(SNTR)/切除组(SNTO),以及扭转坏死睾丸复位组(NTR)/切除组(NTO)。术后饲养6周至性成熟期,脱颈法处死大鼠,切取对侧睾丸石蜡包埋行免疫组化SP法检测睾丸精原干细胞因子受体(C-kit)、磷酯酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)的表达。结果 鼠性成熟期健侧睾丸组织生精细胞及间质细胞C-kit、PI3K的积分光密度(IOD)值:NNTR和NNTO组C-kit、PI3K的IOD值组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);SNTR和SNTO组C-kit、PI3K的IOD值组间比较差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05);NTR和NTO组C-kit、PI3K的IOD值组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与CG组C-kit、PI3K的IOD值比较,NNTR、NNTO及NTO组中C-kit、PI3K的IOD值均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而SNTR、SNTO及NTR组中C-kit、PI3K的IOD值均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 鼠性成熟前期扭转疑似坏死睾丸、无论切除与复位,对性成熟期健侧睾丸仅轻微损害,应予以保留;性成熟前期扭转坏死睾丸的切除,对性成熟期健侧睾丸具有保护作用,应尽可能切除。

基于SCF/C-kit信号通路探讨黄连解毒汤对脑出血急性期模型大鼠胃损伤的影响

目的:观察黄连解毒汤对脑出血急性期模型大鼠胃损伤的干预作用,并从干细胞因子/酪氨酸激酶受体(SCF/C-kit)信号通路方面探索其作用机制。方法:选择健康SD雄性10周龄大鼠进行实验。取部分大鼠采用自体血注入法制作脑出血模型,将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、莫沙必利组和黄连解毒汤组,每组24只;另取24只大鼠仅进针不注入自体血,作为假手术组;另取24只常规饲养大鼠作为正常组。黄连解毒汤组大鼠予黄连解毒汤颗粒剂悬浊液54 mg/d灌胃,莫沙必利组大鼠予莫沙必利悬浊液0.27 mg/d灌胃,其余各组均灌胃给予生理盐水。分别于给药24 h、4 d、7 d后,随机取每组8只大鼠,处死取材。采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法观察各组各时期大鼠胃组织损伤情况并进行病理损伤评分,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测各组各时期大鼠胃组织SCF、C-kitmRNA表达水平,蛋白免疫印迹(Westernblot)法检测各组各时期大鼠胃组织SCF、C-kit蛋白相对表达量。结果:正常组与同期假手术组大鼠胃黏膜病理评分、胃组织SCF、C-kitmRNA及蛋白表达比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);正常组、假手术组上述指标不同时间点组内比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。模型组大鼠胃黏膜各观察时点病理评分均明显高于同期正常组、假手术组(P<0.01),胃组织SCF、C-kitmRNA及蛋白相对表达量均明显低于同期正常组、假手术组(P<0.01)。黄连解毒汤组、莫沙必利组大鼠各观察时点胃黏膜病理评分均明显低于同期模型组(P<0.01),给药7 d时评分均明显低于同组给药24 h、4 d时(P<0.05,P<0.01);黄连解毒汤组大鼠各观察时点胃黏膜病理评分均明显低于同期莫沙必利组(P<0.01)。黄连解毒汤组、莫沙必利组大鼠各观察时点胃组织SCF、C-kitmRNA及蛋白相对表达量均明显高于同期模型组(P<0.01),给药7 d时上述指标相对表达量均明显高于同组给药24 h、4 d时(P<0.05,P<0.01);黄连解毒汤组大鼠各观察时点上述指标相对表达量均明显高于同期莫沙必利组(P<0.01)。结论:脑出血急性期常继发急性胃黏膜损伤,黄连解毒汤对脑出血急性期胃黏膜损伤有一定的保护作用,其可能通过调控SCF/C-kit信号通路保护胃黏膜,有效减轻胃黏膜损伤。