Triple Notched Band Characteristics UWB Antenna Using C-Shaped Slots and Slot-Type Capacitively-Loaded Loop (CLL)

Ultra wide bands antennas with notched bands characteristics have recently been considered for efficient communication between devices. In this paper, a compact ultra-wideband antenna (UWB) for UWB applications with triple bandnotched characteristics is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a square patch with four truncated corners and a partial ground plane with a rectangular slit. The operation bandwidth of the designed antenna is from 2.66 GHz to more than 13.5 GHz. Band-notched characteristics of antenna to reject the frequency band of 3.18 - 3.59 GHz and 4.70 - 5.88 GHz, is realized by inserting two C-shaped slots in the patch, the third band of 9.54 - 12.22 GHz is achieved by slottype capacitively-loaded loop (CLL) inserted in the patch near the feed line. Details of the proposed antenna design and simulated results are presented and discussed.

Broadband printed antennas and dual-polarized microstrip and waveguide slot antenna arrays

In order to meet the urgent needs in wireless communications, microwave image synthetic aperture radars （SAR）, and electronic warfare systems, this dissertation studies several types of broadband dual-polarized planar antenna elements and arrays, and proposes a few of novel designs with experimental verification. The main accomplishments reported in the dissertation are as follows.

Increasing Microstrip Patch Antenna Bandwidth by Inserting Ground Slots

Microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is widely implemented in different communication systems. One of the main disadvantages of MPA which limits its applications is its narrow bandwidth. In this paper I enhanced the bandwidth of MPA by inserting multiple slots in its ground plane. I used FR-4 substrate to design this antenna. The dimensions of this antenna are 59 mm and 79 mm. The dielectric constant is 4.4 and the height is 1.6 mm. I inserted up to 15 slots in ground plane with 1mm width. The spacing between slots is 3 mm. I investigated two designs. In the first design, slots were arranged in parallel to the feeding line. In the second one, slots were arranged horizontally to the feeding line. The main objective of this paper is to design and simulate MPA suitable for wide number of applications. Antenna bandwidth improvement is 18%. All the simulations were obtained by using HFSS simulator.

A method of elimination of undesired resonant points of microstrip antenna by cutting U-shaped slot on the ground

A method is proposed to eliminate undesired resonant points of a dual-layer circular polarization microstrip antenna, the frequency of which is 2.42 GHz. The simulation results show that there are two undesired resonant points, the frequencies of which are both greater than the resonant frequency. One is around 4.4 GHz, while the other is around 5.8 GHz. As they would disturb the proper functioning of the antenna, the paper will eliminate the undesired resonant points by cutting U-shaped slots on the ground, Size of the slot is half of the wavelength of corresponding frequency point if slot is cut on the patch, while it is a quarter of the wavelength if there is a opening port on the slot. The simulation results show that it＇s effective to eliminate the undesired resonant points in this way.

Resonant Length Formulations for Dual Band Slot Cut Equilateral Triangular Microstrip Antennas

The dual band equilateral triangular microstrip antennas are realized by cutting the slots of either quarter wave or half wave in length, inside the patch. In this design, however these simpler approximations of slot length against the frequency do not give closer results for different slot lengths and there positions inside the patch. In this paper, the modal variations of slot cut patch antennas over wide frequency range are studied. It is observed that the slot does not introduce any mode but reduces the higher order mode resonance frequency of the patch and along with the fundamental mode realizes dual band response. The formulations of the resonant length for the mode introduce by the slots in these antennas are proposed. The resonance frequencies calculated using proposed formulations agree well with the simulated results with an error of less than 5%.

Performance Optimization of Microstrip Antenna with Different Slot Configurations and Various Dielectric Materials

The probe-fed patch antennas were proposed by changing the parameters such as dielectric materials and dimensions of patch for detail investigation of changes in output characteristics. Four rectangular slots were introduced separately for optimizing the antenna design and characteristics. This study illustrated the changes of output characteristics of an antenna with respect to the number of introduced slots on the radiating patch in addition to the effect of various dielectric materials on antenna performances. The antenna performances were analyzed by plotting the observation of various dielectric materials. The changes of antenna characteristics were also observed by introducing four numbers of slots on each edge of the patch to improve radiation characteristics with a wider impedance bandwidth.

On the Design of Slot Cut Circularly Polarized Circular Microstrip Antennas

Circularly polarized microstrip antenna is frequently realized by cutting the slot inside the patch and feeding it along the diagonal axis. In the reported literature, procedure to design them at any given frequency is not available. In proposed work, circularly polarized slot cut circular microstrip antenna at 900 MHz is discussed. By studying the surface current distributions at two orthogonal modes, formulations in their resonant length are proposed. The frequencies calculated using them closely agree with simulated results. Using proposed formulation, procedure to design circular polarized antennas at different frequencies is presented that gives circular polarized response. Thus, proposed work will be helpful to design similar circular polarized circular microstrip antenna at any desired frequency.

A NOVEL WIDEBAND ANTENNA DESIGN USING U-SLOT

U-slot patch antennas with П-shaped feed slot are studied, and numerical results based on the FDTD method are presented. The effects of varying physical parameters are investigated with a goal of understanding the coupling among different resonators. It is found that the U-slot patch antenna can be designed to attain 50% impedance bandwidth as well as 30-40% gain bandwidth. By altering the sizes of U-slot and feed slot, the wideband characteristic can be changed into a duai-frequency char- acteristic.

Double U-Shaped Slots Loaded Stacked Patch Antenna for Multiband Operation

The design of a seven-band stacked patch antenna for the C, X and Ku band is presented. The antenna consists of an H-slot loaded fed patch, stacked with dual U-slot loaded rectangular patch to generate the seven frequency bands. The total size of the antenna is 39.25 × 29.25 mm2. The multiband stacked patch antenna is studied and designed using IE3D simulator. For verification of simulation results, the antenna is analyzed by circuit theory concept. The simulated return loss, radiation pattern and gain are presented. Simulated results show that the antenna can be designed to cover the frequency bands from (4.24 GHz to 4.50 GHz, 5.02 GHz to 5.25 GHz) in C-band application, (7.84 GHz to 8.23 GHz) in X-band and (12.16 GHz to 12.35 GHz, 14.25 GHz to 14.76 GHz, 15.25 GHz to 15.51 GHz, 17.52 GHz to 17.86 GHz) in Ku band applications. The bandwidths of each band of the proposed antenna are 5.9%, 4.5%, 4.83%, 2.36%, 3.53%, 1.68% and 1.91%. Similarly the gains of the proposed band are 2.80 dBi, 4.39 dBi, 4.54 dBi, 10.26 dBi, 8.36 dBi and 9.91 dBi, respectively.

Broadband Feed for Low Cross-Polarization Uniplanar Tapered Slot Antennas on Low-Permittivity Substrate

A broadband feeding technique for the uniplanar tapered slot antenna (TSA) is presented. The TSA operates at a center frequency of 6.5 GHz with a 7 GHz bandwidth (107 percent). The antenna and feed are realized with a broadband microstrip-to-slotline transition on a low permittivity high frequency substrate, Rogers RT/Duroid 5880. The input impedance of the system is designed for 50 Ω compatibility with other system components, and the cross polarization is kept below –30 dB. The developed TSA system was simulated with commercially available electromagnetic software and manufactured. Measured results validate the design process and the antenna’s performance.

辐射零点可控的平面滤波贴片天线

为满足射频前端器件集成化和多功能化的需求,设计了一款适用于WLAN 5 GHz波段的辐射零点可控的平面滤波贴片天线。该天线以同轴探针馈电的微带贴片天线为原型,上表面是由融合共生带和矩形槽的金属辐射贴片,下表面试接地面。其中共生条带位于辐射贴片的宽边两侧,矩形槽蚀刻在辐射贴片上,位于同轴馈电点两侧。两种结构分别在通带的低频和高频处各引入一个辐射零点,天线实现了的滤波响应和良好的辐射特性,同时两个辐射零点的位置自由可控,提高了设计的灵活度。仿真与测试结果表明:滤波天线的中心频率为5.25 GHz,相对带宽为14%(4.89~5.62 GHz),两个辐射零点分别位于4.55和6.05 GHz处;工作通带内增益平缓,平均增益约为7 dBi,通带外抑制水平大于19 dBi,测试与仿真结果较为一致。该滤波天线的设计未引入额外的滤波器网络,节省了天线的整体尺寸,且剖面低、重量轻、结构紧凑,具有良好的滤波和辐射性能。

宽频小型化U形槽微带天线

针对微带贴片天线宽带化和小型化的设计需求,提出并设计了一种工作在S/C波段的改进的U形槽微带贴片天线。通过在辐射贴片中心开曲折U形槽,使缝隙和馈电探针偏离贴片中心,形成非对称曲折U形槽的层叠介质微带贴片天线。通过共面容性耦合馈电进一步提高天线的阻抗带宽。实测结果表明:该天线在3.11~5.40 GHz频率范围内回波损耗小于-10 dB,相对带宽可达53.8%,与仿真结果吻合,可为微带天线的小型化、宽带化设计提供参考。

3D打印圆极化三角形微带天线设计与制作

针对普通单馈电圆极化微带贴片天线加工过程中对切角尺寸精度要求高的问题,提出一种3D打印的圆极化三角形微带贴片天线的设计和制作方法。与传统贴片切角或贴片中心开非对称槽实现圆极化的方法不同,该方法通过在介质基板上应用3D打印嵌入十字形槽实现圆极化辐射,研究结果表明,天线的阻抗带宽为7.3%(2.38 GHz~2.56 GHz,回波损耗小于-10 dB),圆极化带宽为1.2%(2.44 GHz~2.47 GHz,轴比小于3 dB),由于介质基板上的开槽尺寸远大于贴片切角尺寸,因此降低了对开槽尺寸的精度要求,提高了设计的灵活性。

星载平面SAR卫星RCS特性研究

对星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星结构精细估计是空间态势感知的主要内容,阵元间距的估计更是关注的重点。在微带星载SAR间距研究基础上,开展了波导裂缝SAR卫星电磁仿真和间距估计,利用SAR卫星不同倾斜角下的雷达散射截面(RCS)空间不变性,采用球体空间距离实现了倾斜角未知条件下的阵列间距估计。对多颗SAR卫星实测数据分析表明方法可靠可行,研究获得的RCS身份密码有助于提高SAR卫星识别和精细结构估计能力。

基于哑铃型缺陷地结构的多频微带贴片天线设计

天线的多频带实现对提高无线通信的性能至关重要。通过加载哑铃型缺陷地结构(Dumbbell Defected Ground Structure,DB-DGS)和贴片刻蚀槽缝,设计了一款新型基于同轴馈电的三频段矩形微带贴片天线,可满足无线本地局域网(WLAN-2.45 GHz)、(WLAN-5.25 GHz)以及全球微波互联网(WiMAX-3.5GHz)的应用需要。天线的S11<-10 dB的回波损耗值分别为-20.8、-20.6、-24.0 dB,对应增益分别为2.8、2.2、3.1 dBi,实现了良好的阻抗匹配。引入哑铃型DGS的等效电路模型,对DGS和槽缝结构的主要参数进行仿真分析,可为天线开发设计人员拓宽思路。

Design of Miniature UWB-Based Antenna by Employing a Tri-Sectional SIR Feeder

A novel ultra-wideband(UWB)-based microstrip antenna is presented in this work by using a slotted patch resonator,a tri-sectional stepped impedance resonator(SIR)feeder,as well as a reduced ground plane.The whole structure was realized on an FR4 substrate.The impact of incorporating several cases of ground planes on the input reflection has been thoroughly investigated under the same tri-sectional SIR feeder and by employing a slotted patch radiator.Since the complete ground plane presents an inadequate frequency response,by reducing the ground plane,the induced UWB responses are apparent while the antenna exhibits higher impedance bandwidth.The impact of both the uniform impedance resonator(UIR)as well as the SIR feeder on the input reflection has also been examined by following the same adopted reduced ground technique and using a slotted patch radiator.As a result,the UIR feeder exhibits a dual-band frequency response,when a wide notched band is incorporated in the range from 4.5–6.5 GHz.The dual-band response of the bi-sectional SIR feeder is still apparent with a narrower notched band in the frequency range from 4–5 GHz.As far as the tri-sectional SIR feeder is concerned,the UWB response is discernible without recording the existence of a notched band.Additionally,the antenna displays a higher impedance bandwidth compared with the previously reported steps.Our proposed antenna configuration is designed with highly compact dimensions and an overall size of 14×27.2 mm2.Moreover,it operates under the impedance bandwidth of 2.86–10.31 GHz that can be leveraged for numerous applications where wireless systems are used.Our approach presents several advantages compared with the other reported UWB-based antennas in the literature,whereas the measured S11 pattern is in good agreement with the simulated one.

A 2.4 GHz Switched Beam Antenna for Indoor Applications Using Angle of Arrival Estimation

This study introduces a new design of planar antenna array for ISM band applications at 2.4 GHz. This prototype is switched beam antenna, namely planar antenna with four meandered slotted triangular elements (PAFMSTE), which is proposed for wireless indoor applications. The Base Station (BS) equipped with this planar antenna is preferred to be at the center position on the room ceiling to cover all sectors of the room. It is designed to use four directional triangular elements arranged to form a square planar antenna array. The PAFMSTE is used to obtain optimal directivity in four directions in azimuth plane with 3 dB beamwidth of 90°at a specific orientation of 30°in elevation plane. Switched parasitic technique is used to enable PAFMSTE to steer a directional beam through four locations by using four PIN diodes switches. The High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is used as an efficient simulation tool to optimize the performance of the PAFMSTE antenna. The fabrication and measurements of the PAFMSTE antenna are introduced. The proposed antenna enable radio positioning via Angle of Arrival (AOA) information collected from nearby devices. Then, the Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) is presented for AOA estimation using identically and equally spaced antenna elements. The CRB depends on the directivity, where the maximum values of CRB are 1.35 × 10-3 and 8 × 10-3 at HPBW of 60° and 90°, respectively.

加载寄生单元的双频宽带天线设计与研究

为展宽微带天线的带宽,设计一种加载寄生单元的双频微带天线,适用于3.5 GHz和5.8 GHz的WLAN/WIMAX通信和RFID技术的应用。所设计天线通过在主辐射贴片开T形槽、在接地板条带处开矩形槽和加载寄生单元的方式来实现双频段和扩展整体工作带宽,同时也提高了天线设计的灵活性。在馈电上采用偏心嵌套馈电,可以方便调节天线的阻抗匹配特性。该天线工作频段分别为3.40~3.70 GHz和5.49~6.18 GHz,相对带宽分别为8.57%和11.90%,且仿真和实测结果较为吻合,与传统天线相比,具有双频宽带的优势。

宽带差分微带天线及其阵列设计

提出了一种新型的差分微带线馈电式宽带微带天线单元及阵列。首先,结合微带天线的场分布特点,提出了一种终端短路的平行差分微带线结构,实现了对其TM_(01)主模的有效激励;所提出的微带天线的辐射层与馈线层共用金属地,在扩展天线带宽的同时,有效降低了天线的剖面高度;然后,通过在馈线上加载U型槽,改善其带内匹配特性,将天线的阻抗带宽(电压驻波比≤2)从7.6%提高到了15.9%;最后,基于微带馈线的周期性场分布特点,仅通过对馈电结构进行长度扩展,无需额外的功分结构,便实现了一款1×2的差分微带天线阵列,并对其性能进行了仿真与分析。

缝隙加载H形双频天线

为了适应现代双频通信系统的要求 ,双频天线必须具有小尺寸和频率易调节的特点。通过在H形微带天线的辐射边附近采用U形缝隙加载 ,在单层微带天线上实现了双频效果。和常规的双频微带贴片天线相比 ,该天线的尺寸可以大大减小。通过改变天线的尺寸参数 ,高频段和低频段可以很容易地调节 ,本设计中得到频率比范围是1.716～ 2 .36 3。该天线在两个频段有相同的极化平面和较宽的辐射波束。