Study on Extraction of Oolong Tea Assisted by Ultrasonic Wave and 4C Technique and Its Application

[Objectives]The extraction conditions of formula oolong tea were investigated by an orthogonal experiment.[Methods]The technical conditions were optimized by the 4C method,and the application of formula oolong tea extract in cigarettes was studied.[Results]①In the experimental range,the best sensory evaluation effect of formula oolong tea extract was obtained with extraction conditions of 70%ethanol as extraction solvent,extraction time h,extraction temperature 25℃,and ultrasonic frequency 80 kHz,and follow-up low-temperature concentration,low-temperature sedimentation and low-temperature centrifugation.②The effects of different centrifugal speeds on the quality of formula oolong tea extract were explored.The formula oolong tea extract obtained under the conditions of 3000 r/min and centrifugal time of 10 min showed the best evaluation effect with soft and delicate smoke,rich smoke fragrance,good comfort and refreshing mouthfeel.③The effective aroma components in the formula oolong tea extract were qualitatively analyzed by GC-MS.[Conclusions]This study provides high-quality raw materials and a theoretical basis for the research of independent flavor blending in cigarette industry enterprises.

Antitumor Activity of the Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Alcohol Extract in Vitro

Several cancer cell lines(epithelioma cells or leukemia cells)from human being or mouse were first used to study the antitumor activity of the Ganoderma lucidum spore alcohol extract(GLSAE)in vitro by the MTT test A comparision was made between the sporodermbroken(SB)and sporoderm nonbroken(SN)GLSAE It was showed that both GLSAE SB and GLSAE SN could inhibit the proliferation of these cancer cells,but the activity of GLSAE SB was much higher than that of GLSAE SN These results suggested that Ganoderma lucidum spore could probably be used for tumor treatment

Canny算子+模糊C聚类融合的红外热成像机场道面积水识别方法

为解决基于积水可见光图片处理时,受光照变化影响大、夜晚及恶劣天气下难以成像,或成像图像质量低到无法识别的问题。提出一种利用红外热成像+图像处理技术进行积水区域识别的方法,利用红外成像技术拍摄道面积水图像克服了传统拍照方式受光照条件限制的缺陷,进一步针对红外成像积水边界边缘模糊、边缘温度分布无明显规律的特征,提出基于Canny算子和模糊C均值聚类的红外图像积水边缘检测融合算法,并利用该算法对实拍积水红外图像进行处理分析,结果表明:该算法对模糊边界有良好的提取效果,图像分割结果与人工标注的实际面积误差在7%以内,且利用像素点的比值能够快速、准确地获取积水面积,为湿滑跑道道面状况评估提供量化支撑,为飞机在湿滑道面上的安全运行提供有效技术支撑。

黔产刺梨VC的提取及纯化工艺研究

以黔产刺梨汁为原料,采用95%乙醇提取制备刺梨维生素C(VC)粗提液,再经HPD100大孔树脂分离纯化,并以刺梨VC的损失率为指标进行了刺梨VC提取物的浓缩方法、干燥方法筛选,发现减压浓缩法、真空干燥法更加适用于刺梨VC提取物制备;本文所建立的刺梨VC提取物的制备方法简便、有效,可为培育“贵州刺梨”优质产品奠定基础,助力贵州刺梨产业发展。

The Impact on Extraction Effect of Polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum by Different Pretreatment

[Objectives] The research aimed to study the impact on extraction effect of polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum( lingzhi) by different pretreatment methods. [Methods] The impacts on extraction of G. lucidum polysaccharide by soaking,microwave and air flow fine pulverization were contrasted,and the extraction effect of G. lucidum polysaccharide by combining the optimal pretreatment manner with hot water extraction,alcohol extraction,alkali extraction,ultrasonic binding enzyme extraction,and microwave extraction was compared. Finally,the property of G. lucidum polysaccharide obtained after air flow fine pulverization pretreatment was detected and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. [Results] The optimal pretreatment method was air flow fine pulverization. Compared with traditional method-direct extraction( coarse grinding combining hot water extraction),crude yield changed little,while polysaccharide content and yield were improved by 114% and 104%. The best combination manner was air flow fine pulverization pretreatment combining with alkali extraction. Compared with traditional method,crude yield,polysaccharide content and yield were improved by 76%,78% and 215% respectively. The property of G. lucidum polysaccharide obtained after air flow fine pulverization pretreatment was detected and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the treatment method had little impact on the property of G. lucidum polysaccharide. [Conclusions]Air flow fine pulverization pretreatment could greatly improve extraction effect of G. lucidum polysaccharide,which mainly improved the content and yield of G. lucidum polysaccharide,and extraction was more complete,with less impact on the property of the extracted polysaccharide. It was speculated that air flow fine pulverization pretreatment mainly destroyed mechanical support wall membrane structure of G. lucidum fine powder,making that intracellular functional substances completely dissolved out of the cell,and the content would be studied in follow-up experiment.

高压超临界CO_(2)萃取茶籽油、核桃油及灵芝孢子油及其对质量的影响研究

研究高压超临界CO_(2)萃取茶籽油、核桃油及灵芝孢子油萃取效率及其对产品质量的影响,并与常规萃取压力进行对比。在萃取温度40℃、分离压力11 MPa、分离温度50℃的萃取条件下,对比分析65、50、35 MPa的萃取压力条件对3种功能性油脂萃取效率的影响。通过GC-MS、HPLC法及相关理化指标测定,研究高压等不同萃取压力对3种油的脂肪酸组成、不皂化物成分、活性营养成分及理化指标等质量的影响。萃取压力对3种油脂的萃取效率有明显的差异,萃取压力越高,收率相应升高,油脂萃取效率也越高;高压等不同萃取压力对油脂脂肪酸组成几乎没有影响,但能显著提高角鲨烯等活性成分的萃取;从理化指标上看,高压萃取条件有助于降低食用油的酸值,提高油脂的品质。

Optimization of enzyme assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum

In the present work,an enzyme assisted extraction method is used to isolate crude polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum. The isolating effect was optimized with orthographic graph statistic method with three levels and four independent variables. Complex enzyme,extraction temperature,extraction time and extraction pH were combined to obtain the best possible combination to get maximum amount of extract and crude polysaccharides yield. The optimum extraction conditions were:complex enzyme amount of 3 %(w/v),extraction temperature at 45 ℃,extraction time of 3 h and extraction pH at 7. Under these conditions,the experimental amount of extract is 8.9 % and the yield of crude polysaccharides is 1.1 %,which are in close agreement with the value predicted by the model.

NucliSens miniMag与QIAamp系统检测血清丙型肝炎病毒RNA效能比较

目的比较研究NucliSens miniMag与QIAamp系统检测血清丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)RNA的效能。方法2021年6月~2023年6月我院收集的103例抗-HCV阳性血清标本,分别采用NucliSens miniMag系统(方法A)和QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit(方法B)提取HCV RNA,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测血清HCV RNA载量。取高载量和低载量两份标本,分批重复检测,计算两种方法批内变异系数(CV)。取HCV RNA强阳性质控标本,梯度稀释后检测,评估两种方法检测的敏感度。结果在103例血清抗-HCV阳性血清标本中,经方法A和方法B提取核酸,检测血清HCV RNA阳性率分别为86.4%和82.5%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);方法A提取核酸检测的血清HCV RNA载量为(5.4±1.2)lg IU/mL,方法B检测结果为(5.0±1.6)lg IU/mL,差异有统计学意义(t=2.078,P=0.039);方法A提取核酸检测血清HCV RNA载量低值和高值的CV分别为2.4%和2.2%,方法B检测为4.7%和4.5%,方法A提取核酸检测HCV RNA的重复性优于方法B;方法A提取检测血清HCV RNA最低载量为2.8×10^(-6)lg IU/mL,低于方法B检测的3.5×10^(-6)lg IU/mL,表明更灵敏。结论与QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit相比,NucliSens miniMag系统检测血清HCV RNA的效能更高。

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Hot Water Extracts from 7 Different Sources of Ganoderma Lucidum

[Objectives] To study the in vitro antioxidant activity of hot water extracts from 7 different sources of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom.[Methods] The in vitro antioxidant activity of hot water extracts from 7 different sources of G. lucidum was studied from total reducing capacity,scavenging of hydroxyl free radical( ·OH),superoxide anion( O_2^(2-)·),and DPPH free radical.[Results]Under the same concentration,hot water extracts wild G. lucidum in Maoer Mountain showed the strongest reducing capacity with the absorbency being 2. 48,the highest scavenging capacity of hydroxyl free radical( · OH) with the scavenging rate being 99. 46%,and the strongest scavenging ability of DPPH free radical with its scavenging rate being 96. 62%. The ability of scavenging superoxide anion free radical( O_2^(2-)·) ranked the third.[Conclusions]The hot water extracts from Maoer Mountain wild G. lucidum showed the highest antioxidant ability in three aspects,indicating that Maoer Mountain wild G. lucidum has high development potential.

Study on the Anti-aging Efficacy of the Active Ingredients in Aqueous Extract of Ganoderma lucidum

[ Objective ] The research aimed to develop anti-aging masks with aqueous extracts of Ganoderma lucidum and to study the clinical efficacy on the delaying of skin aging. [Method] The anti-aging efficacy of the aqueous extract of C.anoderrna luciclum was evaluated by sensory evaluation, safety evaluation, instrumental measurements, etc. [ Result] The results of sensory evaluation showed that after continuous application of the test materials for 12 weeks, the skin dryness, elasticity, surface sheen, fine wrinkles and smoothness were well improved, and the improvement rates were 9l. 17%, 91.17% , 94.12% , 11.76% and 91.18% , respectively. The measurement results by specialized instrument showed that the skin hydration on the target site increased continuously with the prolonging of the using time. Significant differences existed between each time point after using the products and the time before using. There was no signiScant difference existed in elasticity index 112 and R5 compared with before using. [Result] Clinical data showed that the active ingredients in aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum had a certain effect on the delaying of skin aging.

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight(MALDI-TOF)-Mass Spectrometry and^(13)C-NMR-Identified New Compounds in Paraberlinia bifoliolata(Ekop-Beli)Bark Tannins

Extracts of plant origin,particularly tannins,are attracting growing interest for the sustainable development of materials in the industrial sector.The discovery of new tannins is therefore necessary.The aim of this work was to contribute to the understanding of the properties of Paraberlinia bifoliolata tannin by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectroscopy MALDI-TOF/MS and Carbon 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(13C NMR).The chemical composition of tannin extracted from Paraberlinia bifoliolata bark was determined,as was the mechanical strength of the resin hardened with Acacia nilotica extracts.Yield by successive water extraction was 35%.MALDI-TOF/MS analysis revealed the presence of three new compounds in this tannin,previously unknown in this family of extracts.These are 3-hydroxyproline acid,N-methyl-4-hydroxypipecolic acid and N-methyl-5-dihydroxypipecolic acid.The identification of the above molecules means that this tannin can be used for industrial applications,as a resin in the manufacture of particleboard and in the formulation of green corrosion inhibitors.This information is reinforced by 13C NMR spectrometry,which indicates the presence of several polyflavonoid units,confirming the condensed nature of the tannin.Thermomechanical analysis of the resin formed by the purified tannin of Paraberlinia bifoliolata to which a vegetal biohardener has been added provided a Modulus of Elasticity(MOE)value of 4840 MPa at 150℃,confirming its possible use as a binder resin in the manufacture of wood panels as well as for the formulation of a corrosion inhibitor.

Comparison of the antitumor activity of polysaccharides extracted by boiling water and enzyme assistance from Ganoderma lucidum

Polysaccharides are the most important pharmacologically active constituents of Ganoderma lucidum. In this work, polysaccharides were extracted from Ganoderma lucidum with boiling water method and enzyme assisted method. The human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was used to compare the an- titumor effect of the two kinds of extraction with 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） test. Both of these two kinds of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides reduced cell viability of cancer cell HepG2 in a dose and time-dependent manner. At low concentrations, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of L 1 and L2; while at concentrations over 0.8 ug/mL, the difference in the effectiveness of L2 in comparison to L1 became significant. At the concentrations of 3.2 ug/mL, the cancer cells were almost killed in 2 d.

基于CK-Hough联合算法的人体微多普勒频率估计

为了准确地从雷达回波信号中提取运动目标特定部位的微多普勒频率,本文提出一种新颖的CKHough算法,该算法有效地结合了聚类分析和K近邻-霍夫(KNN-Hough)算法。首先,通过短时傅里叶变换获取雷达回波信号的时频谱图;其次,利用自适应模糊C均值算法对时频图进行聚类分析,在这一过程中,本文采用数据预处理技术自适应调整聚类类别数c以适应多样化应用场景,从而获得人体各散射部位的频域范围,有效地抑制了分量间的相互干扰;第三,通过改进度量函数的K近邻算法增强相邻时刻聚类结果的相关性,拟合各部位的瞬时频率曲线;最后,采用霍夫变换动态调整度量函数中权值μ的取值,得到目标微多普勒频率的精确估计结果。研究结果表明:本文提出的CK-Hough提取了直/曲线行走场景下人类目标四肢的微多普勒频率;与传统的峰值搜索算法、线性预测维特比算法以及基于Bezier-Hough模型的频率拟合算法相比,本文提出的CK-Hough算法在直线行走实验场景下,总频率的估计误差率分别降低了40.40%、45.47%和26.16%;在曲线行走实验场景下,其估计误差率分别降低了58.35%、68.35%和41.65%。

基于模糊C均值聚类算法的浆液循环泵节能运行优化方法研究

在浆液循环泵运行阶段,受客观应用需求波动的影响,其功耗相对较高。为此,提出基于模糊C均值聚类算法的浆液循环泵节能运行优化方法。在浆液循环泵运行数据特征提取阶段,采用基于无监督的深度学习模型,借助随机初始化的卷积核,对输入的数据进行卷积计算,获取低维空间的特征映射,随后通过反卷积确定浆液循环泵运行参数特征;在节能运行优化阶段,引入模糊C均值聚类算法,通过聚类具有相同特征的数据,将相同聚类内功耗最小的参数作为同类运行工况下的优化结果。结果显示,测试循环泵的功耗虽然会随着通过的最大颗粒粒度的增加而呈稳定增大的趋势,但对应的增幅较小,与对照组相比,其分别在节能程度和节能适应性方面表现出了明显优势。

基于多尺度深度学习的B2C电商物流网络信息实时提取

传统信息提取方法难以应对大规模的物流数据,导致提取的信息噪声较多。因此,提出基于多尺度深度学习的B2C电商物流网络信息实时提取。挖掘B2C电商物流网络信息,预处理收集到的原始电商物流网络信息。利用多尺度深度学习对预处理后的电商物流信息进行特征重构,多尺度深度学习捕获不同尺度的特征,生成新的特征矢量提取出重构后的电商物流网络信息。实验结果证明,所研究方法在提取电商物流网络信息时,噪声含量较少,提取效果较好。

Studies on the Triterpenoid Constituents of the Spores from Ganoderma lucidum Karst

Five compounds were isolated from the ether-soluble fraction of the spores of Gano- derma lucidum.On the basis of their chemical properties and spectral data(MS,UV,IR,~1H and ^(13)CNMR),they were identified as 3,7,11,12,15,23-hexaoxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid(Ⅰ),gano- deric acid B(Ⅱ),C(Ⅲ),D(Ⅳ)and ganodermanontriol(Ⅴ).Compound Ⅰ is a new natural product, named ganosporeric acid A.Compounds Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ are known compounds and were obtained for the first time from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum.Pharmacological experiments showed that ganosporeric acid A has an activity for lowering the levels GPT in mice with liver injury by CCl_4 and GaNI and exhibits heptoprotective effects.

Study on In vitro Bacteriostasis of the Different Extract from Ilex Kudingcha C.J.Tseng

[ Objective ] The aim was to study bacteriostatic activity of the different extract from Ilex Kudingcha C. J. Tseng. [ Method ] By using test tube 2 -fold dilution method and Kirby-Baueer Disc Diffusionto,we conducted inhibitory test on S. aureus and E, coil and determined the minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC）and the diameter of inhibition zone. [ Result ] The extract 1 had fairly strong in vitro bacteriostasis activities and than the extract2 and extract3. The MIC and MBC was 3.91 mg/ml and 31.25 mg/ml on S. aureus and E. coil [ Conclusion] The result showed that the different extract from Ilex Kudingcha C. J. Tseng had varying amount of different bacteriostatic activities,the Ilex Kudingcha C. J. Tseng was developed new and safe bacteriostatic reagent to provide reference.

Comparison of Molluscicide Activity of Ethanol Extract of Sapium sebiferum,Pterocarya stenoptera and Cryptomeria fortunei

[Objective] The aim was to compare the molluscicide activity of ethanol extract of Sapium sebiferum,Pterocarya stenoptera and Cryptomeria fortunei.[Method] The molluscicide activity of ethanol extract of S.sebiferum,P.stenoptera and C.fortunei was determined through poison test of Oncomelania hupensis in laboratory.[Result] S.sebiferum,P.stenoptera and C.fortunei had certain molluscicide effect,and S.sebiferum and C.fortunei had better effect with little difference than P.stenoptera;ethanol could extract the effective molluscicide component from plant more completely,and its molluscicide effect was better than that of plant infusion.[Conclusion] Our study could provide theory reference for the plant selection of controlling O.hupensis ecologically.

Efficient solvent extraction of antioxidant-rich extract from a tropical diatom,Chaetoceros calcitrans (Paulsen) Takano 1968

Objective: To compare the in vitro antioxidant capacity of a diatom, Chaetoceros calcitrans(C. calcitrans) extracted using six types of solvents.Methods: Each extract was evaluated in terms of extraction yield, total carotenoid,fucoxanthin content, total phenolic and antioxidant capacities(DPPH and ABTS +scavenging activity and iron chelating activity).Results: The methanol extract exhibited the highest yield [(22.71 ± 0.96) g/100 g dry weight(DW)], total carotenoid [(4.46 ± 0.36) mg/g DW], total phenolic [(2.49 ± 0.08) mg gallic acid equivalents/g DW] and second highest fucoxanthin content [(2.08 ± 0.03) mg fucoxanthin/g DW] as compared to other solvent extracts. Methanolic extract also exhibited significantly higher(P < 0.05) scavenging(DPPH, ABTS +) and iron chelating activities.Conclusions: Methanol was the recommended solvent for the production of antioxidant rich extract from C. calcitrans. Both carotenoids and phenolic acids were found to be positively correlated to the antioxidant capacities of C. calcitrans. Lead bioactives confirmed by subsequent high performance liquid chromatography studies were fucoxanthin, gallic acid and protocatechuic acid.

Breaking and Characteristics of Ganoderma Lucidum Spores by High Speed Entrifugai Shearing Pulverizer

The spores of Ganoderma lucidum were ground and broken to ultrafine particles by high speed centrifugal shearing（HSCS） pulverizer. The characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum spores were analyzed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry （FTIR）. Ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer was used to determine the extraction ratio of aqueous solubility polysaccharide between the raw and broken spores. The immunological function on the mice before and after the breaking of spores wan investigated. The experimental results show that after being ground, the sporoderm-broken ratio reachs 100%, the original active ingredients of ganoderma lucidum spores do not change, and the extraction ratio of aqueous solubility polysaccharide is greatly increased by 40.08%. The broken spores show much higher immunological activity comparing with original spores of Ganoderma lucidum.