The zinc finger motif was used as a vehicle for the initial discovery of Ikaros in the context of T-cell differentiation and has been central to all subsequent analyses of Ikaros function.The Ikaros gene is alternatel...The zinc finger motif was used as a vehicle for the initial discovery of Ikaros in the context of T-cell differentiation and has been central to all subsequent analyses of Ikaros function.The Ikaros gene is alternately spliced to produce several isoforms that confer diversity of function and consequently have complicated analysis of the function of Ikaros in vivo.Key features of Ikaros in vivo function are associated with six C2H2 zinc fingers;four of which are alternately incorporated in the production of the various Ikaros isoforms.Although no complete structures are available for the Ikaros protein or any of its family members,considerable evidence has accumulated about the structure of zinc fingers and the role that this structure plays in the functions of the Ikaros family of proteins.This review summarizes the structural aspects of Ikaros zinc fingers,individually,and in tandem to provide a structural context for Ikaros function and to provide a structural basis to inform the design of future experiments with Ikaros and its family members.展开更多
Cell fate determination is a basic developmental process during the growth of multicellular organisms.Trichomes and root hairs of Arabidopsis are both readily accessible structures originating from the epidermal cells...Cell fate determination is a basic developmental process during the growth of multicellular organisms.Trichomes and root hairs of Arabidopsis are both readily accessible structures originating from the epidermal cells of the aerial tissues and roots respectively, and they serve as excellent models for understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling cell fate determination and cell morphogenesis. The regulation of trichome and root hair formationis a complex program that consists of the integration of hormonal signals with a large number of transcriptional factors, including MYB and b HLH transcriptional factors.Studies during recent years have uncovered an important role of C2H2 type zinc finger proteins in the regulation of epidermal cell fate determination. Here in this minireview we briefly summarize the involvement of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in the control of trichome and root hair formation in Arabidopsis.展开更多
Engineering zinc finger protein motifs for specific DNA targets in genomes is critical in the field of genome engineering. We have developed a computational method for predicting recognition helices for C2H2 zinc fing...Engineering zinc finger protein motifs for specific DNA targets in genomes is critical in the field of genome engineering. We have developed a computational method for predicting recognition helices for C2H2 zinc fingers that bind to specific target DNA sites. This prediction is based on artificial neural network using an exhaustive dataset of zinc finger proteins and their target DNA triplets. Users can select the option for two or three zinc fingers to be predicted either in a modular or synergistic fashion for the input DNA sequence. This method would be valuable for researchers interested in designing specific zinc finger transcription factors and zinc finger nucleases for several biological and biomedical applications. The web tool ZiF-Predict is available online at http：//web.iitd.ac.in/-sundar/zifpredict/.展开更多
Plant glandular trichomes are epidermal secretory structures that are important for plant resistance to pests.Although several regulatory genes have been characterized in trichome development,the molecular mechanisms ...Plant glandular trichomes are epidermal secretory structures that are important for plant resistance to pests.Although several regulatory genes have been characterized in trichome development,the molecular mechanisms conferring glandular trichome morphogenesis are unclear.We observed the differences in trichomes in cultivated tomato cv.‘Moneymaker’(MM) and the wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium PI365967 (PP),and used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population to identify the genes that control trichome development in tomato.We found that the genomic variations in two genes,HAIR (H) and SPARSE HAIR (SH),contribute to the trichome differences between MM and PP.H and SH encode two paralogous C2H2 zinc-finger proteins that function redundantly in regulating trichome formation.Loss-offunction h/sh double mutants exhibited a significantly decreased number of Type I trichomes and complete loss of long stalk trichomes.Molecular and genetic analyses further indicate that H and SH act upstream of ZFP5.Overexpression of ZFP5 partially restored the trichome defects in NIL-h;sh;.Moreover,H and SH expression is induced by high temperatures,and their mutations inhibit the elongation of trichomes that reduce the plant repellent to whiteflies.Our findings confirm that H and SH are two vital transcription factors controlling initiation and elongation of Type I and III multicellular trichomes in tomato.展开更多
文摘The zinc finger motif was used as a vehicle for the initial discovery of Ikaros in the context of T-cell differentiation and has been central to all subsequent analyses of Ikaros function.The Ikaros gene is alternately spliced to produce several isoforms that confer diversity of function and consequently have complicated analysis of the function of Ikaros in vivo.Key features of Ikaros in vivo function are associated with six C2H2 zinc fingers;four of which are alternately incorporated in the production of the various Ikaros isoforms.Although no complete structures are available for the Ikaros protein or any of its family members,considerable evidence has accumulated about the structure of zinc fingers and the role that this structure plays in the functions of the Ikaros family of proteins.This review summarizes the structural aspects of Ikaros zinc fingers,individually,and in tandem to provide a structural context for Ikaros function and to provide a structural basis to inform the design of future experiments with Ikaros and its family members.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31370215, 31228002 and 31970167)International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2013C24007)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. Z3110004)Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20120101110079)
文摘Cell fate determination is a basic developmental process during the growth of multicellular organisms.Trichomes and root hairs of Arabidopsis are both readily accessible structures originating from the epidermal cells of the aerial tissues and roots respectively, and they serve as excellent models for understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling cell fate determination and cell morphogenesis. The regulation of trichome and root hair formationis a complex program that consists of the integration of hormonal signals with a large number of transcriptional factors, including MYB and b HLH transcriptional factors.Studies during recent years have uncovered an important role of C2H2 type zinc finger proteins in the regulation of epidermal cell fate determination. Here in this minireview we briefly summarize the involvement of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in the control of trichome and root hair formation in Arabidopsis.
基金supported partly by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) under the IYBA scheme and Department of Information Technology (DIT), Govt. of India to DSpartly by a Summer Undergraduate Research Award (SURA) from IIT Delhi to BM and KG.
文摘Engineering zinc finger protein motifs for specific DNA targets in genomes is critical in the field of genome engineering. We have developed a computational method for predicting recognition helices for C2H2 zinc fingers that bind to specific target DNA sites. This prediction is based on artificial neural network using an exhaustive dataset of zinc finger proteins and their target DNA triplets. Users can select the option for two or three zinc fingers to be predicted either in a modular or synergistic fashion for the input DNA sequence. This method would be valuable for researchers interested in designing specific zinc finger transcription factors and zinc finger nucleases for several biological and biomedical applications. The web tool ZiF-Predict is available online at http：//web.iitd.ac.in/-sundar/zifpredict/.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000801)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002050)the Science Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Plant glandular trichomes are epidermal secretory structures that are important for plant resistance to pests.Although several regulatory genes have been characterized in trichome development,the molecular mechanisms conferring glandular trichome morphogenesis are unclear.We observed the differences in trichomes in cultivated tomato cv.‘Moneymaker’(MM) and the wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium PI365967 (PP),and used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population to identify the genes that control trichome development in tomato.We found that the genomic variations in two genes,HAIR (H) and SPARSE HAIR (SH),contribute to the trichome differences between MM and PP.H and SH encode two paralogous C2H2 zinc-finger proteins that function redundantly in regulating trichome formation.Loss-offunction h/sh double mutants exhibited a significantly decreased number of Type I trichomes and complete loss of long stalk trichomes.Molecular and genetic analyses further indicate that H and SH act upstream of ZFP5.Overexpression of ZFP5 partially restored the trichome defects in NIL-h;sh;.Moreover,H and SH expression is induced by high temperatures,and their mutations inhibit the elongation of trichomes that reduce the plant repellent to whiteflies.Our findings confirm that H and SH are two vital transcription factors controlling initiation and elongation of Type I and III multicellular trichomes in tomato.
