InfoWorks ICM-Delft 3D耦合模型在排水体系中点源污染溯源研究

城市排水的点源污染是引起黑臭水体的重要原因之一,该研究借助多元监测体系获得的水质数据,结合InfoWorks ICM-Delft 3D耦合模型及差分进化算法(DE)构建了污染溯源模型。以中山市某区域为研究对象,验证了耦合模型与DE算法对污染溯源的有效性。研究表明,连续排放污染源的位置、流量、污染物浓度的溯源精度较高,相对误差均在±0.12的范围内,并且污染溯源精度随着污染源流量增大而下降;随着污染流量增大,瞬时排放污染流量与浓度溯源的相对误差逐渐减小,模型对高流量污染事件的溯源精度较高。该模型体系的构建和应用为城市排水点源污染的溯源提供了科学指导。

3D成像系统在住培医师肝脏Couinaud分段学习中的应用

目的探讨3D(三维重建技术)成像系统在住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)医师肝脏Couinaud分段教学中的价值。方法选取2020年7月—2022年6月西安交通大学第二附属医院普通外科60名住培医师作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=20)、试验组1(n=20)和试验组2(n=20)。对照组采用阅读CT二维图像进行Couinaud分段教学;试验组1先二维图像后三维图像进行此教学;试验组2先三维图像后二维图像进行此教学。住培医师对Couinaud分段和满意度进行评价。结果试验组1和试验组2 Couinaud分段8段的准确率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);试验组1和试验组2回答所有问题所需的时间[(10.80±1.94)min、(8.60±1.79)min]少于对照组[(16.45±1.76)min],且两试验组对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组1和试验组2对Couinaud分段理解度及教学方法满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论基于3D成像系统的教学方法,可提升住培医师对肝脏Couinaud分段为基础的肝脏解剖的理解能力和实践能力,取得满意的教学效果。

含油量及蛋白颗粒含量对高内相Pickering乳液及其3D打印特性的影响

本研究使用凝胶破碎法制备了大豆分离蛋白微凝胶颗粒作为高内相Pickering乳液(high internal phase Pickering emulsions,HIPPEs)的稳定剂。激光扫描共聚焦显微镜显示蛋白颗粒包裹住油滴,部分液滴由于堆积呈现多面体形,是典型的O/W型HIPPEs特征。提高含油量及蛋白颗粒质量分数可以提高体系的黏度、储能模量及凝胶强度,赋予了乳液3D打印的能力。当含油量为75%(m/m)、蛋白颗粒质量分数为3.0%时,打印模型的精确性和稳定性分别达到93.35%和98.72%。本研究结果表明HIPPEs可作为有效的食品3D打印油墨,并为拓展3D打印在食品领域中的应用提供理论依据。

Cellular interplay to 3D in vitro microphysiological disease model:cell patterning microbiota-gut-brain axis

The microbiota-gut-brain axis(MGBA)has emerged as a key prospect in the bidirectional communication between two major organ systems:the brain and the gut.Homeostasis between the two organ systems allows the body to function without disease,whereas dysbiosis has long-standing evidence of etiopathological conditions.The most common communication paths are the microbial release of metabolites,soluble neurotransmitters,and immune cells.However,each pathway is intertwined with a complex one.With the emergence of in vitro models and the popularity of three-dimensional(3D)cultures and Transwells,engineering has become easier for the scientific understanding of neurodegenerative diseases.This paper briefly retraces the possible communication pathways between the gut microbiome and the brain.It further elaborates on three major diseases:autism spectrum disorder,Parkinson’s disease,and Alzheimer’s disease,which are prevalent in children and the elderly.These diseases also decrease patients’quality of life.Hence,understanding them more deeply with respect to current advances in in vitro modeling is crucial for understanding the diseases.Remodeling of MGBA in the laboratory uses many molecular technologies and biomaterial advances.Spheroids and organoids provide a more realistic picture of the cell and tissue structure than monolayers.Combining them with the Transwell system offers the advantage of compartmentalizing the two systems(apical and basal)while allowing physical and chemical cues between them.Cutting-edge technologies,such as bioprinting and microfluidic chips,might be the future of in vitro modeling,as they provide dynamicity.

Geostatistical seismic inversion and 3D modelling of metric flow units,porosity and permeability in Brazilian presalt reservoir

Flow units(FU)rock typing is a common technique for characterizing reservoir flow behavior,producing reliable porosity and permeability estimation even in complex geological settings.However,the lateral extrapolation of FU away from the well into the whole reservoir grid is commonly a difficult task and using the seismic data as constraints is rarely a subject of study.This paper proposes a workflow to generate numerous possible 3D volumes of flow units,porosity and permeability below the seismic resolution limit,respecting the available seismic data at larger scales.The methodology is used in the Mero Field,a Brazilian presalt carbonate reservoir located in the Santos Basin,who presents a complex and heterogenic geological setting with different sedimentological processes and diagenetic history.We generated metric flow units using the conventional core analysis and transposed to the well log data.Then,given a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm,the seismic data and the well log statistics,we simulated acoustic impedance,decametric flow units(DFU),metric flow units(MFU),porosity and permeability volumes in the metric scale.The aim is to estimate a minimum amount of MFU able to calculate realistic scenarios porosity and permeability scenarios,without losing the seismic lateral control.In other words,every porosity and permeability volume simulated produces a synthetic seismic that match the real seismic of the area,even in the metric scale.The achieved 3D results represent a high-resolution fluid flow reservoir modelling considering the lateral control of the seismic during the process and can be directly incorporated in the dynamic characterization workflow.

Engineering Nano/Microscale Chiral Self‑Assembly in 3D Printed Constructs

Helical hierarchy found in biomolecules like cellulose,chitin,and collagen underpins the remarkable mechanical strength and vibrant colors observed in living organisms.This study advances the integration of helical/chiral assembly and 3D printing technology,providing precise spatial control over chiral nano/microstructures of rod-shaped colloidal nanoparticles in intricate geometries.We designed reactive chiral inks based on cellulose nanocrystal(CNC)suspensions and acrylamide monomers,enabling the chiral assembly at nano/microscale,beyond the resolution seen in printed materials.We employed a range of complementary techniques including Orthogonal Superposition rheometry and in situ rheo-optic measurements under steady shear rate conditions.These techniques help us to understand the nature of the nonlinear flow behavior of the chiral inks,and directly probe the flow-induced microstructural dynamics and phase transitions at constant shear rates,as well as their post-flow relaxation.Furthermore,we analyzed the photo-curing process to identify key parameters affecting gelation kinetics and structural integrity of the printed object within the supporting bath.These insights into the interplay between the chiral inks self-assembly dynamics,3D printing flow kinematics and photopolymerization kinetics provide a roadmap to direct the out-of-equilibrium arrangement of CNC particles in the 3D printed filaments,ranging from uniform nematic to 3D concentric chiral structures with controlled pitch length,as well as random orientation of chiral domains.Our biomimetic approach can pave the way for the creation of materials with superior mechanical properties or programable photonic responses that arise from 3D nano/microstructure and can be translated into larger scale 3D printed designs.

3D‑Printed Carbon‑Based Conformal Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Module for Integrated Electronics

Electromagnetic interference shielding(EMI SE)modules are the core com-ponent of modern electronics.However,the tra-ditional metal-based SE modules always take up indispensable three-dimensional space inside electronics,posing a major obstacle to the integra-tion of electronics.The innovation of integrating 3D-printed conformal shielding(c-SE)modules with packaging materials onto core electronics offers infinite possibilities to satisfy ideal SE func-tion without occupying additional space.Herein,the 3D printable carbon-based inks with various proportions of graphene and carbon nanotube nanoparticles are well-formulated by manipulating their rheological peculiarity.Accordingly,the free-constructed architectures with arbitrarily-customized structure and multifunctionality are created via 3D printing.In particular,the SE performance of 3D-printed frame is up to 61.4 dB,simultaneously accompanied with an ultralight architecture of 0.076 g cm^(-3) and a superhigh specific shielding of 802.4 dB cm3 g^(-1).Moreover,as a proof-of-concept,the 3D-printed c-SE module is in situ integrated into core electronics,successfully replacing the traditional metal-based module to afford multiple functions for electromagnetic compatibility and thermal dissipa-tion.Thus,this scientific innovation completely makes up the blank for assembling carbon-based c-SE modules and sheds a brilliant light on developing the next generation of high-performance shielding materials with arbitrarily-customized structure for integrated electronics.

基于Rhino和Flow-3D耦合的串列四桥墩局部冲刷数值模拟

针对复杂地形下串列四排桥墩局部冲刷问题,以洺河京港澳高速桥6号桥组为研究对象,以不同泥沙级配及中值粒径表征非均匀沙质河床及来沙条件,考虑泥沙水下休止角等影响因素,通过建模软件Rhino耦合Flow-3D开展三维数值模拟研究,得到串列四排桥墩周围流场结构及冲坑演变过程。将模拟得到的流速值和冲深值与物理试验结果对比,相对误差均在10%以内,表明构建的数学模型能够较好地实现复杂地形下非均质河床的四排桥墩局部冲刷数值模拟。模拟方法可为类似三维曲面数值模拟研究提供参考,对于识别桥墩周围水流结构和冲刷特性、指导桥梁规划设计具有重要的参考价值。

Development and characterization of 3D-printed electroconductive pHEMA-co-MAA NP-laden hydrogels for tissue engineering

Tissue engineering(TE)continues to be widely explored as a potential solution to meet critical clinical needs for diseased tissue replacement and tissue regeneration.In this study,we developed a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)(pHEMA-co-MAA)based hydrogel loaded with newly synthesized conductive poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)(PEDOT)and polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles(NPs),and subsequently processed these hydrogels into tissue engineered constructs via three-dimensional(3D)printing.The presence of the NPs was critical as they altered the rheological properties during printing.However,all samples exhibited suitable shear thinning properties,allowing for the development of an optimized processing window for 3D printing.Samples were 3D printed into pre-determined disk-shaped configurations of 2 and 10 mm in height and diameter,respectively.We observed that the NPs disrupted the gel crosslinking efficiencies,leading to shorter degradation times and compressive mechanical properties ranging between 450 and 550 kPa.The conductivity of the printed hydrogels increased along with the NP concentration to(5.10±0.37)×10^(−7)S/cm.In vitro studies with cortical astrocyte cell cultures demonstrated that exposure to the pHEMA-co-MAA NP hydrogels yielded high cellular viability and proliferation rates.Finally,hydrogel antimicrobial studies with staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria revealed that the developed hydrogels affected bacterial growth.Taken together,these materials show promise for various TE strategies.

3种3D打印模型辅助治疗RobinsonⅡB2型锁骨骨折

背景:随着3D打印技术在医学中的应用及发展,使得骨科内固定手术迈向精准化、个体化,通过3D打印技术获得的等比例骨折模型进行术前模拟、规划,实现了由传统的2D图像向更加形象、精细的立体实物的跨越,让术者提前了解骨折类型、预演复位顺序,进而实现骨折手术的个体化实施,优化了手术过程,带来更佳的术后恢复效果和更少的手术并发症。目的:比较3种3D打印模型结合计算机虚拟复位技术辅助切开复位接骨板内固定和传统切开复位接骨板内固定治疗RobinsonⅡB2型锁骨骨折的临床疗效。方法:将80例RobinsonⅡB2型锁骨骨折患者随机分为试验组(40例)和对照组(40例),试验组利用3种3D打印模型(患侧锁骨骨折模型、计算机模拟锁骨骨折复位后模型、健侧锁骨镜像模型)结合计算机虚拟复位技术在术前进行体外手术预演,最后利用健侧锁骨镜像模型进行3D打印来提前弯折和选择接骨板进行内固定,对照组直接进行切开复位接骨板内固定。比较两组患者入院至手术时间、术中出血量、手术时间、透视次数、对接骨板的折弯次数、骨折愈合时间、并发症发生情况及两组患者治疗前后目测类比评分、Constant肩关节功能评分。结果与结论:试验组患者入院至手术时间长于对照组(P<0.05);试验组患者手术时间、术中透视次数及对接骨板的折弯次数均小于对照组(P<0.05);试验组患者骨折愈合更快,并发症更少(P<0.05);两组患者术中出血量无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组患者Constant评分均有随时间延长而上升的趋势(F=613.50,P<0.001),但组间比较差异无显著性意义(F=0.08,P=0.78),测量次数与分组无交互效应(F=0.27,P=0.66)。两组患者目测类比评分随时间延长而下降(F=1149.55,P<0.001),但组间比较差异无显著性意义(F=0.02,P=0.88),测量次数与分组无交互效应(F=1.02,P=0.36)。结果表明使用3D打印模型结合计算机虚拟复位技术进行术前预演,可以缩短手术时间、减少术中透视及对接骨板折弯的次数,同时具有骨折愈合更快、并发症更少的优势,并能达到与传统切开复位接骨板内固定相似的功能恢复。

基于Simulink与Unity3D的制导弹药弹道可视化仿真

针对制导弹药的弹道可视化仿真中,观察视角单一,场景搭建简陋,无法模拟战场环境下制导弹药在攻击中的动态过程等问题,提出一种制导弹药弹道可视化模型的搭建方法;以某型激光制导弹药为对象,基于Simulink与Unity3D软件建立了联合仿真模型,采用Matlab/Simulink软件构建六自由度弹道仿真模型,采用Unity3D搭建包括制导弹药、目标和战场环境在内的三维场景,采用UDP通信协议将Simulink中的仿真数据传输到Unity3D中,提出一种数值可视化技术,能同时观察制导弹药的飞行姿态和仿真数值结果,实现制导弹药在战场环境下的弹道可视化仿真;将制导弹药参数加载到仿真模型中,对不同状态的目标进行了模拟攻击实验,实验结果显示,该仿真模型能够多视角、全方位地显示制导弹药的飞行姿态、弹道和过载情况,对于需要修改参数以逼近实战条件下的攻击过程,每次修正都能立刻通过可视化平台查看和验证修改结果;该可视化仿真模型为制导弹药的可视化仿真提供了便利的方法,对制导弹药的设计和作战使用具有一定的参考作用。

3D打印半骨盆假体置换治疗EnnekingⅡ+Ⅲ区骨盆恶性肿瘤的疗效评估

目的探讨3D打印半骨盆假体置换治疗EnnekingⅡ+Ⅲ区骨盆恶性肿瘤的疗效及保留髂前下棘的安全性及有效性。方法收集2018年1月至2020年1月进行3D打印半骨盆假体置换的25例骨盆Ⅱ+Ⅲ区恶性肿瘤患者资料。男11例,女14例;年龄17~77岁,平均(49.96±9.73)岁。其中普通型骨肉瘤11例,软骨肉瘤6例,毛细血管扩张型骨肉瘤3例,尤文氏肉瘤3例,转移性副神经节瘤(原发部位为腰椎)1例,转移性肾透明细胞癌1例。其中根据手术方式不同分为研究组(保留髂前下棘,10例)和对照组(未保留髂前下棘,15例)。记录两组患者手术时间及术中出血量。通过影像学评估假体的髋臼旋转中心偏移情况。以肌肉骨骼肿瘤协会评分(musculoskeletal tumor society,MSTS)、Harris髋关节功能评分及美国特种外科医院(hospital for special surgery,HSS)膝关节功能评分进行评估,并记录肿瘤学预后及并发症。结果随访时间16~27个月,平均为(21.92±3.40)个月。研究组与对照组手术时间及术中出血量对比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后及末次随访时,研究组MSTS功能评分、Harris髋关节功能评分、HSS膝关节功能评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时,研究组与对照组的假体髋臼旋转中心偏移对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3例患者出现术区感染,2例出现切口周围脂肪液化坏死,经治疗后痊愈。末次随访时1例骨盆转移瘤患者在术后1年发现肝转移,靶向药物控制,带瘤存活;其余患者均未发现肿瘤复发及转移。结论3D打印半骨盆假体置换治疗骨盆EnnekingⅡ+Ⅲ区恶性肿瘤是一种安全、有效的手术方法。此外,保留髂前下棘及肌肉附着点对髋关节及膝关节功能恢复具有重要的意义。

Analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp regions.It uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.The SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in 2025.The European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar region.It has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry capabilities.Joint detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere.Therefore,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint detection.In addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.

基于Kinect V2和Unity3D的机械臂人机交互系统

针对人机交互方式存在不直观、操作复杂等问题,论文利用手部追踪技术开发出一种基于Kinect V2和Unity3D的人机交互系统,用户可以直接挥动手部就可以控制机械臂运动,交互方式更加简单、直观和灵活。该系统是通过Kinect V2来获得手部移动轨迹来实现手部追踪,并在Unity3D平台上进行交互系统的开发。利用FABRIK算法和贝塞尔曲线分别实现了逆运动学求解和运动路径的记录,通过C#编写所需的脚本功能并开发出了两种交互模式,分别为实时控制模式和示教模式,两种模式均可通过UI面板进行选择。最后对两种模式分别进行实验,实验结果证明了该系统的可行性。

Advancing Wound Filling Extraction on 3D Faces:An Auto-Segmentation and Wound Face Regeneration Approach

Facial wound segmentation plays a crucial role in preoperative planning and optimizing patient outcomes in various medical applications.In this paper,we propose an efficient approach for automating 3D facial wound segmentation using a two-stream graph convolutional network.Our method leverages the Cir3D-FaIR dataset and addresses the challenge of data imbalance through extensive experimentation with different loss functions.To achieve accurate segmentation,we conducted thorough experiments and selected a high-performing model from the trainedmodels.The selectedmodel demonstrates exceptional segmentation performance for complex 3D facial wounds.Furthermore,based on the segmentation model,we propose an improved approach for extracting 3D facial wound fillers and compare it to the results of the previous study.Our method achieved a remarkable accuracy of 0.9999993% on the test suite,surpassing the performance of the previous method.From this result,we use 3D printing technology to illustrate the shape of the wound filling.The outcomes of this study have significant implications for physicians involved in preoperative planning and intervention design.By automating facial wound segmentation and improving the accuracy ofwound-filling extraction,our approach can assist in carefully assessing and optimizing interventions,leading to enhanced patient outcomes.Additionally,it contributes to advancing facial reconstruction techniques by utilizing machine learning and 3D bioprinting for printing skin tissue implants.Our source code is available at https://github.com/SIMOGroup/WoundFilling3D.

3D genome organization and its study in livestock breeding

Eukaryotic genomes are hierarchically packaged into cell nucleus,affecting gene regulation.The genome is organized into multiscale structural units,including chromosome territories,compartments,topologically associating domains(TADs),and DNA loops.The identification of these hierarchical structures has benefited from the development of experimental approaches,such as 3C-based methods(Hi-C,ChIA-PET,etc.),imaging tools(2D-FISH,3D-FISH,Cryo-FISH,etc.)and ligation-free methods(GAM,SPRITE,etc.).In recent two decades,numerous studies have shown that the 3D organization of genome plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes via various mechanisms,such as regulating enhancer activity and promoter-enhancer interactions.However,there are relatively few studies about the 3D genome in livestock species.Therefore,studies for exploring the function of 3D genomes in livestock are urgently needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of potential relationships between the genome and production traits.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of 3D genomics and its biological functions in human and mouse studies,drawing inspiration to explore the 3D genomics of livestock species.We then mainly focus on the biological functions of 3D genome organization in muscle development and its implications in animal breeding.

An adaptive finite-difference method for seismic traveltime modeling based on 3D eikonal equation

3D eikonal equation is a partial differential equation for the calculation of first-arrival traveltimes and has been widely applied in many scopes such as ray tracing,source localization,reflection migration,seismic monitoring and tomographic imaging.In recent years,many advanced methods have been developed to solve the 3D eikonal equation in heterogeneous media.However,there are still challenges for the stable and accurate calculation of first-arrival traveltimes in 3D strongly inhomogeneous media.In this paper,we propose an adaptive finite-difference(AFD)method to numerically solve the 3D eikonal equation.The novel method makes full use of the advantages of different local operators characterizing different seismic wave types to calculate factors and traveltimes,and then the most accurate factor and traveltime are adaptively selected for the convergent updating based on the Fermat principle.Combined with global fast sweeping describing seismic waves propagating along eight directions in 3D media,our novel method can achieve the robust calculation of first-arrival traveltimes with high precision at grid points either near source point or far away from source point even in a velocity model with large and sharp contrasts.Several numerical examples show the good performance of the AFD method,which will be beneficial to many scientific applications.

Spheroid construction strategies and application in 3D bioprinting

Tissue engineering has been striving toward designing and producing natural and functional human tissues.Cells are the fundamental building blocks of tissues.Compared with traditional two-dimensional cultured cells,cell spheres are threedimensional(3D)structures that can naturally form complex cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions.This structure is close to the natural environment of cells in living organisms.In addition to being used in disease modeling and drug screening,spheroids have significant potential in tissue regeneration.The 3D bioprinting is an advanced biofabrication technique.It accurately deposits bioinks into predesigned 3D shapes to create complex tissue structures.Although 3D bioprinting is efficient,the time required for cells to develop into complex tissue structures can be lengthy.The 3D bioprinting of spheroids significantly reduces the time required for their development into large tissues/organs during later cultivation stages by printing them with high cell density.Combining spheroid fabrication and bioprinting technology should provide a new solution to many problems in regenerative medicine.This paper systematically elaborates and analyzes the spheroid fabrication methods and 3D bioprinting strategies by introducing spheroids as building blocks.Finally,we present the primary challenges faced by spheroid fabrication and 3D bioprinting with future requirements and some recommendations.

Enhancing MXene-based supercapacitors:Role of synthesis and 3D architectures

MXene has been the limelight for studies on electrode active materials,aiming at developing supercapacitors with boosted energy density to meet the emerging influx of wearable and portable electronic devices.Despite its various desirable properties including intrinsic flexibility,high specific surface area,excellent metallic conductivity and unique abundance of surface functionalities,its full potential for electrochemical performance is hindered by the notorious restacking phenomenon of MXene nanosheets.Ascribed to its two-dimensional(2D)nature and surface functional groups,inevitable Van der Waals interactions drive the agglomeration of nanosheets,ultimately reducing the exposure of electrochemically active sites to the electrolyte,as well as severely lengthening electrolyte ion transport pathways.As a result,energy and power density deteriorate,limiting the application versatility of MXene-based supercapacitors.Constructing 3D architectures using 2D nanosheets presents as a straightforward yet ingenious approach to mitigate the fatal flaws of MXene.However,the sheer number of distinct methodologies reported,thus far,calls for a systematic review that unravels the rationale behind such 3D MXene structural designs.Herein,this review aims to serve this purpose while also scrutinizing the structure–property relationship to correlate such structural modifications to their ensuing electrochemical performance enhancements.Besides,the physicochemical properties of MXene play fundamental roles in determining the effective charge storage capabilities of 3D MXene-based electrodes.This largely depends on different MXene synthesis techniques and synthesis condition variations,hence,elucidated in this review as well.Lastly,the challenges and perspectives for achieving viable commercialization of MXene-based supercapacitor electrodes are highlighted.

On the global smooth solutions of 3D incompressible Hall-MHD equations

The present paper is devoted to the well-posedness issue for the 3D incompressible Hall-MHD system obtained from kinetic models. Our analysis strongly relies on the use of the Fourier analysis. We establish the global existence of smooth solutions for a class of large initial data, this result implies the initial velocity and magnetic field can be arbitrarily large.