Each type of fishery has its own characteristic behavior, and understanding this condition is an important part of devel- oping and managing fishing operations comprehensively. Based on the random walk model, the rela...Each type of fishery has its own characteristic behavior, and understanding this condition is an important part of devel- oping and managing fishing operations comprehensively. Based on the random walk model, the relationship between distance and frequency distribution of adjacent fishing positions was analyzed by the Commission for Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) Subareas 48.1, 48.2, and 48.3. The frequency of distances between consecutive hauls demonstrated a heavy- tailed distribution, which could be used to estimate the value of parameter μ in the power function F(l)~ l μ of a random walk model to determine the type of random walk patterns that characterize Chinese krill fishery. Results indicated that the fishing pattern of the Chinese krill fishery is consistent with the Lévy random walk model, with which the step-length is applied to analyze the walking pattern. When a defined walk in a space of dimension is greater than one, the steps made are in isotropic random directions. Fur- thermore, a strong and positive correlation between fishing behavior (using the parameter μ as an indicator) and catch per unit effort of the Chinese krill fishery was observed.展开更多
Marine protected areas(MPAs) in the Southern Ocean are receiving more and more global attention. The Southern Ocean is one of the world’s last regions not yet seriously impacted by human activities, signifying its ec...Marine protected areas(MPAs) in the Southern Ocean are receiving more and more global attention. The Southern Ocean is one of the world’s last regions not yet seriously impacted by human activities, signifying its ecological importance and unique value for scientific research. In response to climate change and growing commercial fishing interests in the Southern Ocean and their impacts on the marine ecosystem, the Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources(CCAMLR) is reacting to growing international pressure to establish a system of MPAs in the Southern Ocean to manage fisheries and conserve vital species—such as the keystone resource Antarctic krill and the dominant fish predator Antarctic toothfish—as well as to protect whole ecosystems. This review summarizes progress in the establishment of MPAs in the Southern Ocean by focusing on several major topics:(1) the current status of MPAs in the Southern Ocean;(2) the purpose and objective of MPAs in the Southern Ocean;(3) a short description of the largest high-sea MPA(the Ross Sea MPA);(4) ecological observation and monitoring for the planned MPAs in the Southern Ocean; and(5) the importance of international cooperation in the design, establishment and future management of MPAs in the Southern Ocean.展开更多
The Ross Sea region is a biologically rich and dynamic environment and,although protected under various instruments of the Antarctic Treaty System,is threatened by a changing climate and increasing human activities lo...The Ross Sea region is a biologically rich and dynamic environment and,although protected under various instruments of the Antarctic Treaty System,is threatened by a changing climate and increasing human activities locally and globally.This opinion editorial describes the importance of research and monitoring in the Ross Sea and identifies opportunities and barriers to enhance them.展开更多
南极海洋保护区是南极国际治理中的最新议题。2009年英国提议的南奥克尼群岛海洋保护区获准设立。近年来,围绕美国与新西兰提议的罗斯海保护区以及法国、澳大利亚和欧盟等提议的东南极保护区建议,南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(CCAMLR)成...南极海洋保护区是南极国际治理中的最新议题。2009年英国提议的南奥克尼群岛海洋保护区获准设立。近年来,围绕美国与新西兰提议的罗斯海保护区以及法国、澳大利亚和欧盟等提议的东南极保护区建议,南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(CCAMLR)成员方就新的南极海洋保护区的设立与管理展开了新一轮的利益角逐与政治博弈。争议焦点集中于南极海洋保护区的合法性、必要性与可行性等问题,集中反映了国际社会在海洋生物资源养护与合理利用、人类当代利益与后代利益、粮食安全与可持续发展等合法利益之间的平衡与取舍。作为联合国海洋法公约、生物多样性公约的成员国以及南极国际治理的重要参与者,我国应当充分利用CCAMLR协商一致的决策机制,积极参与南极海洋保护区这一新的南极治理规则的制定,努力引导其朝着有利于维护南极条约体系稳定以及我国南极重大利益的方向发展。目前,我国应将谈判重心从南极MPA设立的合法性转向其设立与管理的科学性与必要性,以C C AM LR确立的"生态系统方法"、"风险预防方法"以及"最佳科学依据"为依托,在利益平衡基础上完善现有提案;同时,在加大南大洋科考力度的前提下,适时选取具备保护价值的海域,提出我国的南极M PA提案,从而维护我国在南极条约体系中的核心利益与大国地位。展开更多
基金sponsored partly by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC1406801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41776185)the Key Course Construction Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Biological Oceanography) (No. A1-0201-00-1204)
文摘Each type of fishery has its own characteristic behavior, and understanding this condition is an important part of devel- oping and managing fishing operations comprehensively. Based on the random walk model, the relationship between distance and frequency distribution of adjacent fishing positions was analyzed by the Commission for Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) Subareas 48.1, 48.2, and 48.3. The frequency of distances between consecutive hauls demonstrated a heavy- tailed distribution, which could be used to estimate the value of parameter μ in the power function F(l)~ l μ of a random walk model to determine the type of random walk patterns that characterize Chinese krill fishery. Results indicated that the fishing pattern of the Chinese krill fishery is consistent with the Lévy random walk model, with which the step-length is applied to analyze the walking pattern. When a defined walk in a space of dimension is greater than one, the steps made are in isotropic random directions. Fur- thermore, a strong and positive correlation between fishing behavior (using the parameter μ as an indicator) and catch per unit effort of the Chinese krill fishery was observed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(Grant no.2018YFC1406801)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant no.41876217)+1 种基金the Chinese Polar Environmental Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs(Grant no.CHINARE 2017-03)the Aoshan Science and Technology Innovation Plan of China(Grant no.2015ASKJ02-02)
文摘Marine protected areas(MPAs) in the Southern Ocean are receiving more and more global attention. The Southern Ocean is one of the world’s last regions not yet seriously impacted by human activities, signifying its ecological importance and unique value for scientific research. In response to climate change and growing commercial fishing interests in the Southern Ocean and their impacts on the marine ecosystem, the Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources(CCAMLR) is reacting to growing international pressure to establish a system of MPAs in the Southern Ocean to manage fisheries and conserve vital species—such as the keystone resource Antarctic krill and the dominant fish predator Antarctic toothfish—as well as to protect whole ecosystems. This review summarizes progress in the establishment of MPAs in the Southern Ocean by focusing on several major topics:(1) the current status of MPAs in the Southern Ocean;(2) the purpose and objective of MPAs in the Southern Ocean;(3) a short description of the largest high-sea MPA(the Ross Sea MPA);(4) ecological observation and monitoring for the planned MPAs in the Southern Ocean; and(5) the importance of international cooperation in the design, establishment and future management of MPAs in the Southern Ocean.
基金funded by the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (www.asoc.org)
文摘The Ross Sea region is a biologically rich and dynamic environment and,although protected under various instruments of the Antarctic Treaty System,is threatened by a changing climate and increasing human activities locally and globally.This opinion editorial describes the importance of research and monitoring in the Ross Sea and identifies opportunities and barriers to enhance them.
文摘南极海洋保护区是南极国际治理中的最新议题。2009年英国提议的南奥克尼群岛海洋保护区获准设立。近年来,围绕美国与新西兰提议的罗斯海保护区以及法国、澳大利亚和欧盟等提议的东南极保护区建议,南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(CCAMLR)成员方就新的南极海洋保护区的设立与管理展开了新一轮的利益角逐与政治博弈。争议焦点集中于南极海洋保护区的合法性、必要性与可行性等问题,集中反映了国际社会在海洋生物资源养护与合理利用、人类当代利益与后代利益、粮食安全与可持续发展等合法利益之间的平衡与取舍。作为联合国海洋法公约、生物多样性公约的成员国以及南极国际治理的重要参与者,我国应当充分利用CCAMLR协商一致的决策机制,积极参与南极海洋保护区这一新的南极治理规则的制定,努力引导其朝着有利于维护南极条约体系稳定以及我国南极重大利益的方向发展。目前,我国应将谈判重心从南极MPA设立的合法性转向其设立与管理的科学性与必要性,以C C AM LR确立的"生态系统方法"、"风险预防方法"以及"最佳科学依据"为依托,在利益平衡基础上完善现有提案;同时,在加大南大洋科考力度的前提下,适时选取具备保护价值的海域,提出我国的南极M PA提案,从而维护我国在南极条约体系中的核心利益与大国地位。
