Hepatoprotective effect of manual acupuncture at acupoint GB34 against CCl_4-induced chronic liver damage in rats

AIM： To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of manual acupuncture at Yanglingquan （GB34） on CCl4-induced chronic liver damage in rats. METHODS： Rats were injected intraperitoneally with CCh （1 mL/kg） and treated with manual acupuncture using reinforcing manipulation techniques at left GB34 （Yanglingquan） 3 times a week for 10 wk. A nonacupoint in left gluteal area was selected as a sham point. To estimate the hepatoprotective effect of manual acupuncture at GB34, measurement of liver index, biochemical assays including serum ALT, AST, ALP and total cholesterol, histological analysis and blood cell counts were conducted. RESULTS： Manual acupuncture at GB34 reduced the liver index, serum ALT, AST, ALP and total cholesterol levels as compared with the control group and the sham acupuncture group. It also increased and normalized the populations of WBC and lymphocytes. CONCLUSION： Manual acupuncture with reinforcing manipulation techniques at left GB34 reduces liver toxicity, protects liver function and liver tissue, and normalizes immune activity in CCh-intoxicated rats.

Prevention of Carbon Tetrachloride （CCl4）-Induced Liver Damage in Guinea Pigs by Cyphostemma digitatum

Cyphostemma digitatum （Vitaceae） is a perennial, climbing, succulent undershrub with compound fleshy leaves and tendrils. The plant is used mainly as a food flavoring, but it is also a main constituent of traditional Yemeni soup （Marak）. Besides that, it has been described to be used as a medicinal plant. The aim of this work was to study the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of C. digitatum against CCl4-induced liver injury in Guinea pigs. Animals were divided into four groups. Group I, served as normal control. Group II received 2 mL CCl4/kg b.w. diluted with olive oil, at 1：1 ratio on day 11. Group III （test group） was pre-treated orally with 100 mg/kg b.w. aqueous leaves extract of C. digitatum for 10 days followed by subcutaneous injection of CC14 （2 mL/kg b.w.）, once on day 11. Group IV were orally given Liv-52 （100 mg/kg b.w.） once daily for 10 days followed by subcutaneous injection of CC14. Our results show that, the activity of serum hepatic enzymes （alanine aminotranferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotranferase （AST）, and alkaline phosphatase （ALP）） were significantly elevated in Guinea pigs treated with CCl4, while both the C. digitatum extract and Liv-52 reduced significantly these enzymes activity. Also, the levels of glucose, urea, cholesterol and triglycerides were decreased when compared with intoxicated control. Histopathological examination of intoxicated animals showed fatty changes, inflammation and necrosis indicating liver damage, while the animals received C. digitatum or Liv-52 showed less pathological effects or normal liver when compared to animals treated with CC14 alone. Biochemical and histological results confirm the hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of C. digitatum.

Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of 10 medicinal herbs on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice

BACKGROUND Many natural products confer health benefits against diverse diseases through their antioxidant activities.Carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)is often used in animal experiments to study the effects of substances on liver injury and the related mechanisms of action,among which oxidative stress is a major pathogenic factor.AIM To compare antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of ten herbs and identify and quantify phytochemicals for the one with strongest hepatoprotection.METHODS The antioxidant activity of ten medicinal herbs was determined by both ferricreducing antioxidant power and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays.The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetry,respectively.Their effects on CCl4-induced oxidative liver injury were evaluated and compared in a mouse model by administrating each water extract(0.15 g/mL,10 mL/kg)once per day for seven consecutive days and a dose of CCl4 solution in olive oil(8%,v/v,10 mL/kg).The herb with the strongest hepatoprotective performance was analyzed for the detailed bioactive components by using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization source-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTS The results revealed that all tested herbs attenuated CCl4-induced oxidative liver injury;each resulted in significant decreases in levels of serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,alkaline phosphatase,and triacylglycerols.In addition,most herbs restored hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase activities,glutathione levels,and reduced malondialdehyde levels.Sanguisorba officinalis(S.officinalis)L.,Coptis chinensis Franch.,and Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi root were the three most effective herbs,and S.officinalis L.exhibited the strongest hepatoprotective effect.Nine active components were identified in S.officinalis L.Gallic acid and(+)-catechin were quantified(7.86±0.45 mg/g and 8.19±0.57 mg/g dried weight,respectively).Furthermore,the tested herbs displayed a range of in vitro antioxidant activities proportional to their phenolic content;the strongest activities were also found for S.officinalis L.CONCLUSION This study is of value to assist the selection of more effective natural products for direct consumption and the development of nutraceuticals or therapeutics to manage oxidative stress-related diseases.

Hepatoprotective effect of Premna corymbosa(Burm.f.) Rottl.& Willd.leaves extract on CCl_4 induced hepatic damage in Wistar albino rats

Objective:To investigate the hepetoprotective activity of Premna corymbosa leaves against carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) induced hepatic damage.Methods:Hepatotoxicity was induced in wistar rats of both sexes by intraperitoneal injection of CCl_4,1 mL/kg body weight for every 72 h.The ethanolic extract of Premna corymbosa leaves were administrated at doses of 200 & 400 mL/kg body weight, p.o.,daily for 14 days.The hepatotoxicity and its prevention was assessed by serum markers like serum alkaline phosphatase(SALP),serum triglycerides(STG),serum total protein(STP), serum cholesterol(SC),and liver wet weight and histopathological studies of the liver.Results:In treatment with the ethanolic extract,the toxic effect of CCl_4 was controlled significantly(P<0.01) by restoration of the levels of biochemical parameters as compared to normal and standard drug silymarin treated groups.The liver weight was reduced by the ethanolic extract treated groups. The histopathology of the liver sections evidenced the hepatoprotective activity.Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Premna corymbosa possess significant acute hepatoprotective activity.Premna corymbosa can be recommended for the liver disorders.

医用保肝活性颗粒剂对CCl_4肝损伤的保护作用

医用保肝活性颗粒剂对ＣＣｌ４引起的大鼠血清ＳＧＰＴ及ＳＧＯＴ的升高有明显降低作用。

Correlation between TIMP-1 expression and liver fibrosis in two rat liver fibrosis models

AIM： To evaluate serum TIMP-1 level and the correlation between TIMP-1 expression and liver fibrosis in immuneinduced and CCL4-induced liver fibrosis models in rats. METHODS： Immune-induced and CCL4-induced liver fibrosis models were established by dexamethasone （0.01 mg） and CCL4 respectively. Serum TIMP-1 level was detected with ELISA, while histopathological grade of liver biopsy was evaluated. Spearman rankcorrelation test was used to analyse the difference of the correlation between the TIMP-1 expression and hepatic fibrosis in the two fibrosis models. Furthermore,in situ hybridization was used to determine the expression difference of TIMP-1 mRNA in the two models. RESULTS： Positive correlation existed between serum TIMP-1 level of immune induced group and the histopathological stages of fibrosis liver of corresponding rats （Spearman rank-correlation test, rs = 0.812, P 0.05）, and the positive in situ hybridization signal of TIMP-1 mRNA was strong. In CCL4-induced liver fibrosis model, the correlation between the serum TIMP-1 level and the severity of hepatic fibrosis was not statistically significant（Spearman rank-correlation test, rs = 0.229, P 〉 0.05）. And compared with immune-induced model, the positivein situ hybridization signal of TIMP-1 mRNA was weaker, while the expression variation was higher in hepatic fibrosis of the same severity. CONCLUSION： The correlations between TIMP-1 expression and liver fibrosis in two rat liver fibrosis models are different. In immune-induced model, serum TIMP-1 level could reflect the severity of liver fibrosis, while in CCL4-induced model, the correlation between the serum TIMP-1 level and the severity of hepatic fibrosis was not statistically significant.

四氯化碳致肝损伤对小鼠血清TNF-α IL-6的影响

目的 探讨四氯化碳 (CCl4)致肝损伤模型小鼠血清TNF α、IL 6水平的变化与肝损伤的相关性。方法 紫外分光光度法分别测定血清ALT和肝匀浆MDA含量 ,放免法测定血清TNF α、IL 6水平。结果 单次或多次ip四氯化碳均可复制肝损伤模型 ,小鼠肝指数增加 ,血清ALT、肝匀浆MDA水平升高 (P <0 .0 1)。病理组织学检查可见显著改变 ,IL 6水平未见显著变化 ,而血清TNF α水平差异明显。单次四氯化碳给药模型组TNF α水平降低 ,多次四氯化碳给药模型组TNF α水平升高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤模型 ,血清TNF α的降低和升高可能与TNF α作用的双重性 ,四氯化碳的作用机制 ,血清生化指标与病理组织变化的时间差异性及肝损伤的严重程度有关。

枸杞多糖对四氯化碳所致小鼠肝损伤修复作用的形态学研究

４８只雄性昆明种小白鼠分为四组，肝损伤组（１２只）给予ＣＣｌ４皮下注射；肝损伤盐水组（１２只）除给予ＣＣｌ４外，用生理盐水灌胃７天；治疗组（１２只）除给予ＣＣｌ４外，用枸杞多糖（ＬＢＰ）灌胃７天；对照组（１２只）皮下注射生理盐水，自来水灌胃。结果治疗组与损伤组及损伤盐水组相比，肝小叶损伤区域缩小，肝细胞中脂滴减少，细胞核增大，ＲＮＡ及核仁增多，糖原增加，ＳＤＨ、Ｇ—６—Ｐａｓｅ活性增强，粗面内质网恢复平行排列，线粒体形态结构恢复，数量增加。表明枸杞多糖对肝损伤有修复作用，其机理可能是通过阻止内质网的损伤，促进蛋白质合成及解毒作用，恢复肝细胞的功能。

复方叶下珠对小鼠实验性肝损伤作用的研究

目的 研究复方叶下珠对小鼠实验性肝损伤的作用及其有关机制。方法 对采用四氯化碳(CCl4)所致的小鼠急、慢性肝损伤模型进行研究 ,检测小鼠血清中的丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、丙二醛 (MDA)、总蛋白 (TP)、白蛋白 (ALB)及肝组织中的羟辅氨酸 (Hyp)含量 ;并设联苯双酯 (BPD)和秋水仙碱分别为急、慢性肝损伤实验的对照药。结果 复方叶下珠可显著地降低血清中的ALT ,AST ,MDA含量及肝组织中的Hyp水平 ,并可提高TP ,ALB和SOD含量。 结论 复方叶下珠对CCl4所致的急、慢性肝损伤有防治作用 ,其机制可能与清除自由基、抑制胶原蛋白的形成、促进蛋白合成等有关。

乙酰胡椒乙胺对小鼠化学中毒性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究乙酰胡椒乙胺 (PAA)对小鼠化学中毒性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 小鼠igPAA后ip四氯化碳 (CCl4 )或D 氨基半乳糖 (D Gal) ,检测肝损害的几项指标和肝脏的病理损害。结果 PAA可明显降低CCl4 ,D Gal引起的ALT升高 ,防止肝糖原下降 ,明显抑制由CCl4 体外引起的大鼠肝微粒体脂质过氧化。结论 PAA对CCl4 及D Gal引起的肝损伤有明显保护作用。

芹汁对四氯化碳致肝脏脂质过氧化的保护作用

用四氯化碳（ＣＣｌ４）制备肝脏损伤模型，观察了芹汁的抗氧化作用。结果发现，无论在离体或整体条件下，芹汁均可降低肝脏和血清中ＴＢＡｒｓ含量及肝脏中脂褐素生成量，可以恢复肝细胞膜脂流动性。各指标均明显低于单纯投予ＣＣｌ４组，并呈现剂量反应关系。表明芹汁具有拮抗ＣＣｌ４所致肝脏氧化性损伤的作用，并且在相同剂量下叶汁作用强于梗汁。离体实验条件下，芹汁的抗氧化效能强于加入量相同的已知抗氧化剂维生素Ｃ（１２．５％）和亚硒酸纳（１％）。