The changes of CD4^+CD25^+ regulatory T cells (CD4^+CD25^+ Treg) and Foxp3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with asthma were investigated in order to elucidate the possible role...The changes of CD4^+CD25^+ regulatory T cells (CD4^+CD25^+ Treg) and Foxp3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with asthma were investigated in order to elucidate the possible roles of CD4^+CD25^+ Treg in the development of asthma. The peripheral blood samples were collected from 29 healthy controls (normal control group) and 78 patients with asthma which included 30 patients in exacerbation group, 25 patients in persistent group, and 23 patients in remission group. By using flow cytometry and RT-PCR, the CD4^+CD25^+ Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA in PBMCs were detected. The CD4^+CD25^+ Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA in PBMCs of exacerbation and persistent groups were lower than that of remission and normal control groups (P〈0.05). Although the CD4^+CD25^+ Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA of remission group were also lower than that of normal control group, there was no significant difference between them (P〉0.05). As compared with persistent group, exacerbation group had lower CD4^+CD25^+ Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA (P〈0.05). It was indicated that the decrease of CD4^+CD25^+ Treg ratio and its function in PBMCs may be responsible for pathogenesis of asthma.展开更多
Objective To investigate the possible influence of immunosuppressive therapy,including sirolimus ( SRL) and calcineurin inhibitors ( CNI,tacrolimus) ,on level of Treg in liver allo - graft recipients. Methods Forty - ...Objective To investigate the possible influence of immunosuppressive therapy,including sirolimus ( SRL) and calcineurin inhibitors ( CNI,tacrolimus) ,on level of Treg in liver allo - graft recipients. Methods Forty - seven liver transplant recipients with stable liver function were assessed for at least 2 years,and divided into展开更多
BACKGROUND:The effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP)during traumatic brain injury(TBI) and whether it can modulate secondary injury has not been reported previously.The present study eval...BACKGROUND:The effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP)during traumatic brain injury(TBI) and whether it can modulate secondary injury has not been reported previously.The present study evaluated the potential protective effects of ventricular infusion of PACAP in a rat model of TBI.METHODS:Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups(n=6,each):sham-operated,vehicle(normal saline)^+TBI,and PACAP^+TBI.Normal saline or PACAP(1 ug/5uL) was administered intracerebroventricularly 20 minutes before TBI.Right parietal cortical contusion was produced via a weight-dropping method.Brains were extracted 24 hours after trauma.Histological changes in brains were examined by HE staining.The numbers of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells in blood and the spleen were detected via flow cytometry.RESULTS:In injured brain regions,edema,hemorrhage,inflammatory cell infiltration,and swollen and degenerated neurons were observed under a light microscope,and the neurons were disorderly arrayed in the hippocampi.Compared to the sham group,average CD4^+ CD8" lymphocyte counts in blood and the spleen were significantly decreased in rats that received TBI^+vehicle,and CD4^+ CD8^+ were increased.In rats administered PACAP prior to TBI,damage was attenuated as evidenced by significantly increased CD4^+,and decreased CD8^+,T lymphocytes in blood and the spleen.CONCLUSION:Pretreatment with PACAP may protect against TBI by influencing periphery T cellular immune function.展开更多
Opportunistic bacteremia in adult HIV-infected patients is a normal co-infectious condition caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Respiratory infections, including cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain and skin infect...Opportunistic bacteremia in adult HIV-infected patients is a normal co-infectious condition caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Respiratory infections, including cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain and skin infection with eruptions, pustules and itchiness, are common complaints in the setting of late HIV infection. The variety of infections ranges from mild, self-limited viral, bacteremia and fungal infections to severe, life-threatening demanding urgent care and hospitalization. Varicella pneumonia, for instance, is the most severe complication of chickenpox in HIV infected adults, potentially refractory, fulminant respiratory failure can ensue. Patients with impaired immune status and chronic lung disease are at an increased risk. In the United States as well as in Vietnam, bacterial/viral pneumonia and skin infection are the two most common HIV-associated conditions. While globally the incidence of opportunistic infection has decreased since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy during the last 3 decades, HIV-associated diseases remain a significant source of mortality, thus any manifestation must be taken seriously. This study will present the most common HIV-related pulmonary and skin infections and provide an overview of the epidemiology, characteristic clinical and chest radiograph findings, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention globally as well in Vietnam. Though the extensive efforts of the Vietnamese Government during last decade contributed to a valuable decrease, yet epidemic in Vietnam still remains high, ranking Vietnam 5th in the South-East region. The second part of the study focuses on a unique and severe HIV case report of a 35-year-old man, with a rare form of pneumonia caused by Acitenobacter spp. concomitant with a prolonged and disseminating skin infection. The case has been treated with a combination of conventional anti-retroviral medication and autologous peripheral blood stem cells, the results showed that within 5 months there was an impressive amelioration of HIV viral activity together with a total recovery from pneumonia and skin infection.展开更多
Background: Tailoring therapy is the target in the management of any cancer;if factors which can predict response to treatment are identified, we can individualize treatment. Locally advanced rectal cancer studies rep...Background: Tailoring therapy is the target in the management of any cancer;if factors which can predict response to treatment are identified, we can individualize treatment. Locally advanced rectal cancer studies reported that tumor microenvironment and host immune response played roles in sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) by proving that both peripheral circulating lymphocytes and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) strongly correlated with the response rate to CRT and it impacted disease outcome. Aim of the work: We aimed to assess the predictive value of peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes by correlation with regression rate post chemo-radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer, and to find correlation between peripheral and tissue lymphocytes. Method: Before neoadjuvant, CRT venous blood samples were obtained from 40 patients with rectal cancer, and prior to surgery. Blood cell counts in the samples were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer and flowcytometry used to analyze lymphocyte subsets. Colonscopic biopsies were obtained before the CRT;the numbers and distributions of T cells (CD4 & CD8) were evaluated by immunostaining. Results: Pre CRT peripheral total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, T helper, T cytotoxic lymphocytes significantly correlated with tumor regression rate (p = 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.04 respectively). The density of tissue CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was highly correlated with tumor regression post CRT (p = 0.01 for both). The high expressions of tissue CD4 & CD 8 were significantly correlated with high number of pretreatment peripheral total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, T helper, and T cytotoxic lymphocytes with significant p value for all. Conclusion: We concluded that peripheral lymphocytic count and its subsets have significant correlation to tissue CD4, CD8 and both can predict pathological response to CRT;enhancement of lymphocytes mediated immune response can help for outcome improvement.展开更多
In this study,40 biopsy samples collected from cervical cancer patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,China,were retrospectively assessed using immunohistochemistry for CD4^(+) and CD8...In this study,40 biopsy samples collected from cervical cancer patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,China,were retrospectively assessed using immunohistochemistry for CD4^(+) and CD8^(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)and were analyzed for the expression of FOXP3,OX40,granzyme B(GrB)and perforin(Prf).The proliferating index of the TILs was determined by assessing Ki67 expression.We determined the prognostic value of low and high numbers of TILs on survival by performing Kaplan–Meier analysis using median values as the cut-off points.Except for the number of CD4^(+)FOXP3^(+) regulatory T cells(Tregs)and the CD4/CD8 ratio,none of the CD4^(+),CD8^(+),OX401,GrB^(+) or Prf^(+) TILs were associated with the overall 5-year survival rate.The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients who had a high percentage of Tregs as compared with the those who had a lower percentage(35.3%versus 88.9%,P50.001),while the 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in patients with a high CD4/CD8 ratio as compared with patients who had a low CD4/CD8 ratio(82.4%versus 44.4%,P50.029).When we considered the deaths and surviving cases as separate groups,we found that both the number of CD4^(+) T cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly lower in patients who died as compared with those who survived(26.33±11.80 versus 47.79±38.18,P=0.023 and 0.60±0.25 versus 1.17±1.02,P=0.019,respectively).In conclusion,decreased proportions of tumor-infiltrating CD4^(+) T cells with high percentages of Tregs and reversed CD4/CD8 ratios were significantly associated with the clinical outcome of patients with cervical carcinoma.展开更多
To compare the effects of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus calmette guerin (BCG PSN) and thymopeptides on T lymphocytes of normal and immunosuppressed mice, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets of...To compare the effects of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus calmette guerin (BCG PSN) and thymopeptides on T lymphocytes of normal and immunosuppressed mice, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets of single nucleic cell in thymus, spleen and peripheral blood were detected successively by flow cytometry after application of BCG PSN and thymopeptides. Meanwhile, CD4 +/CD8 + ratio was also calculated. The results showed that both BCG PSN and thymopeptides could decrease the proportion of CD4 + CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets in the thymus, at the same time increase CD4 + T lymphocyte, CD8 +T lymphocyte proportion in the three tissues. The fluctuation in amplitude was greater in thymopeptides group than that in BCG PSN group. It is concluded that acting location of thymopeptides is in thymus, its stimulating action is stronger than that of BCG PSN, while BCG PSN not only accelerates the differentiation in thymus, but also has some direct stimulation to peripheral CD4 +T lymphocytes, and can maintain CD4 +/CD8 + ratio within normal range. So, BCG PSN is safer.展开更多
Objective To develop a model of SHIV-KB9/Chinese origin rhesus (Ch Rh) macaques for vaccine research and to compare the pathogenesis of SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques with that reported in Indian rhesus (Ind Rh) macaq...Objective To develop a model of SHIV-KB9/Chinese origin rhesus (Ch Rh) macaques for vaccine research and to compare the pathogenesis of SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques with that reported in Indian rhesus (Ind Rh) macaques. Methods Seven mamu-A*01 negative Ch Rh macaques were inoculated intravenously with 1-10000 MID50 of SHIV-KB9. The monkeys were monitored for viral load, CD4, CDS, SHIV-specific antibody and virus genetic variation. The results were compared with those previously observed in Ind Rh macaques. Results As compared to that observed in Ind Rh macaques, SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques displayed three identical disease progression patterns. However, the primary pattern was not identical between the two subspecies. The level of plasma viremia differed in SHIV-KB9-infected Ch Rh macaques which exhibited different outcomes from those in Ind Rh macaques. Generally, the values of viral load and the maintenance of CD4^+ T cells were associated with humoral responses. Otherwise, the viral genetic distances (divergence, diversity) were larger in animals (M419, M425) with their CD4^+ T cells profoundly depleted. Conclusion The model of SHIV-KB9/Ch Rh macaques displays a relatively slow progression to AIDS compared with Ind Rh macaques, which may more accurately reflect the potential of candidate vaccines in humans.展开更多
Infections produced by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV), two of the most prevalent pathogens in cats, range from passing unnoticed to presenting a wide variety of clinical signs. Di...Infections produced by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV), two of the most prevalent pathogens in cats, range from passing unnoticed to presenting a wide variety of clinical signs. Different epidemiological, clinical, hematological and virological parameters were analyzed in 78 FIV- and/or FeLV-infected cats. FeLV-infected (FeLV+) cats were considerably younger than FIV-infected (FIV+) cats, and in general were seen to have a more severe disease than FIV+ cats. Around one third of the cats presented anemia, and neutropenia was also frequently observed. Though a higher percentage of FIV+ than FeLV+ cats had altered leukocyte counts, FeLV+ cats had altered counts of both neutrophils and lymphocytes more frequently than FIV+, which usually presented only either altered neutrophils or lymphocyte counts. Virological markers were only detected in FeLV+cats, either as mono- or dual-infection, and correlated with the severity of the disease, but not in FIV+ cats. In conclusion, these results suggest that FeLV affects more blood cell types and provokes death of affected animals at a much earlier age than FIV and that the severity of the disease seemed to depend on the viral status of the cat.展开更多
Purpose: To explore the effect of rhIL-12 on the number of the blood cells and CD4/8+ T, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD56+ NK cells in liver cancer patients following radiation therapy. Methods: We selected forty liver canc...Purpose: To explore the effect of rhIL-12 on the number of the blood cells and CD4/8+ T, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD56+ NK cells in liver cancer patients following radiation therapy. Methods: We selected forty liver cancer patients who carried out by cyber knife (the patients were given 5 Gy every time for 5 times continuously) to observe the size of the tumor. After thirty hours, rhIL-12 was injected into the liver cancer patients via subcutaneous at the concentration of 50 ng/kg, 100 ng/kg, 200 ng/kg and 300 ng/kg in different patients, respectively. And there were ten patients in the four groups, respectively. The twenty patients who were selected from the hospital without rhIL-12 treatment were used as controls. All the blood cells were collected from different groups on day 0, hour 12, day 7, day 14, day 21 and day 28 after rhIL-12 treatment, respectively. The full number of blood cells in every group was analyzed by ELISA. The number of CD4/8+ T, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD56+ NK cells were detected by Flow Cytometry. After one month with rhIL-12 treatment, ECOG and WHO were used to evaluate the prognosis of liver cancer. Results: In present study, we found that the number of blood cells was significantly decreased on day 0 - day 3, while recovered from day 7 - day 14 and down-regulated on day 21 after rhIL-12 treatment. The number of CD4/8+ T, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD56+ NK cells was elevated with any concentration of rhIL-12. Furthermore, results showed that number of white blood cells was obviously higher than in patients without rhIL-12 treatment (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference of erythrocyte and platelet, between groups treated with rhIL-12 and control groups. In addition, the immune cells including CD4/8+ T, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD56+ NK cells were reduced on day 0 - day 3, recovered from day 7, and then decreased from day 21 in rhIL-12 treatment groups related to control groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, studies showed that five patients developed symptoms of fever, bilirubin increased and liver dysfunction with the dose of 300 ng/kg. So we found that the safe and well-tolerated human dose of 200 ng/kg is within this efficacious range based on exposure parameters through the research. Higher ECOG and WHO scores were observed in rhIL-12 treatment groups compared to control groups (P = 0.025, P = 0.044, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggested that rhIL-12 could recover the liver cancer induced aberrant blood cell number and CD4/8+ T, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD56+ NK cells , which may be an effective method to alleviate the progress of liver cancer and played an important role in treating liver cancer.展开更多
基金This project was supported by a program of Science Project of Hubei Province (No.2003AA301C10).
文摘The changes of CD4^+CD25^+ regulatory T cells (CD4^+CD25^+ Treg) and Foxp3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with asthma were investigated in order to elucidate the possible roles of CD4^+CD25^+ Treg in the development of asthma. The peripheral blood samples were collected from 29 healthy controls (normal control group) and 78 patients with asthma which included 30 patients in exacerbation group, 25 patients in persistent group, and 23 patients in remission group. By using flow cytometry and RT-PCR, the CD4^+CD25^+ Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA in PBMCs were detected. The CD4^+CD25^+ Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA in PBMCs of exacerbation and persistent groups were lower than that of remission and normal control groups (P〈0.05). Although the CD4^+CD25^+ Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA of remission group were also lower than that of normal control group, there was no significant difference between them (P〉0.05). As compared with persistent group, exacerbation group had lower CD4^+CD25^+ Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA (P〈0.05). It was indicated that the decrease of CD4^+CD25^+ Treg ratio and its function in PBMCs may be responsible for pathogenesis of asthma.
文摘Objective To investigate the possible influence of immunosuppressive therapy,including sirolimus ( SRL) and calcineurin inhibitors ( CNI,tacrolimus) ,on level of Treg in liver allo - graft recipients. Methods Forty - seven liver transplant recipients with stable liver function were assessed for at least 2 years,and divided into
文摘BACKGROUND:The effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP)during traumatic brain injury(TBI) and whether it can modulate secondary injury has not been reported previously.The present study evaluated the potential protective effects of ventricular infusion of PACAP in a rat model of TBI.METHODS:Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups(n=6,each):sham-operated,vehicle(normal saline)^+TBI,and PACAP^+TBI.Normal saline or PACAP(1 ug/5uL) was administered intracerebroventricularly 20 minutes before TBI.Right parietal cortical contusion was produced via a weight-dropping method.Brains were extracted 24 hours after trauma.Histological changes in brains were examined by HE staining.The numbers of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells in blood and the spleen were detected via flow cytometry.RESULTS:In injured brain regions,edema,hemorrhage,inflammatory cell infiltration,and swollen and degenerated neurons were observed under a light microscope,and the neurons were disorderly arrayed in the hippocampi.Compared to the sham group,average CD4^+ CD8" lymphocyte counts in blood and the spleen were significantly decreased in rats that received TBI^+vehicle,and CD4^+ CD8^+ were increased.In rats administered PACAP prior to TBI,damage was attenuated as evidenced by significantly increased CD4^+,and decreased CD8^+,T lymphocytes in blood and the spleen.CONCLUSION:Pretreatment with PACAP may protect against TBI by influencing periphery T cellular immune function.
文摘Opportunistic bacteremia in adult HIV-infected patients is a normal co-infectious condition caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Respiratory infections, including cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain and skin infection with eruptions, pustules and itchiness, are common complaints in the setting of late HIV infection. The variety of infections ranges from mild, self-limited viral, bacteremia and fungal infections to severe, life-threatening demanding urgent care and hospitalization. Varicella pneumonia, for instance, is the most severe complication of chickenpox in HIV infected adults, potentially refractory, fulminant respiratory failure can ensue. Patients with impaired immune status and chronic lung disease are at an increased risk. In the United States as well as in Vietnam, bacterial/viral pneumonia and skin infection are the two most common HIV-associated conditions. While globally the incidence of opportunistic infection has decreased since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy during the last 3 decades, HIV-associated diseases remain a significant source of mortality, thus any manifestation must be taken seriously. This study will present the most common HIV-related pulmonary and skin infections and provide an overview of the epidemiology, characteristic clinical and chest radiograph findings, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention globally as well in Vietnam. Though the extensive efforts of the Vietnamese Government during last decade contributed to a valuable decrease, yet epidemic in Vietnam still remains high, ranking Vietnam 5th in the South-East region. The second part of the study focuses on a unique and severe HIV case report of a 35-year-old man, with a rare form of pneumonia caused by Acitenobacter spp. concomitant with a prolonged and disseminating skin infection. The case has been treated with a combination of conventional anti-retroviral medication and autologous peripheral blood stem cells, the results showed that within 5 months there was an impressive amelioration of HIV viral activity together with a total recovery from pneumonia and skin infection.
文摘Background: Tailoring therapy is the target in the management of any cancer;if factors which can predict response to treatment are identified, we can individualize treatment. Locally advanced rectal cancer studies reported that tumor microenvironment and host immune response played roles in sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) by proving that both peripheral circulating lymphocytes and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) strongly correlated with the response rate to CRT and it impacted disease outcome. Aim of the work: We aimed to assess the predictive value of peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes by correlation with regression rate post chemo-radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer, and to find correlation between peripheral and tissue lymphocytes. Method: Before neoadjuvant, CRT venous blood samples were obtained from 40 patients with rectal cancer, and prior to surgery. Blood cell counts in the samples were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer and flowcytometry used to analyze lymphocyte subsets. Colonscopic biopsies were obtained before the CRT;the numbers and distributions of T cells (CD4 & CD8) were evaluated by immunostaining. Results: Pre CRT peripheral total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, T helper, T cytotoxic lymphocytes significantly correlated with tumor regression rate (p = 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.04 respectively). The density of tissue CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was highly correlated with tumor regression post CRT (p = 0.01 for both). The high expressions of tissue CD4 & CD 8 were significantly correlated with high number of pretreatment peripheral total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, T helper, and T cytotoxic lymphocytes with significant p value for all. Conclusion: We concluded that peripheral lymphocytic count and its subsets have significant correlation to tissue CD4, CD8 and both can predict pathological response to CRT;enhancement of lymphocytes mediated immune response can help for outcome improvement.
基金This study was supported by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and the Foundation of Bureau of Health(Grant No.04D13)of Shaanxi Province,China.
文摘In this study,40 biopsy samples collected from cervical cancer patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,China,were retrospectively assessed using immunohistochemistry for CD4^(+) and CD8^(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)and were analyzed for the expression of FOXP3,OX40,granzyme B(GrB)and perforin(Prf).The proliferating index of the TILs was determined by assessing Ki67 expression.We determined the prognostic value of low and high numbers of TILs on survival by performing Kaplan–Meier analysis using median values as the cut-off points.Except for the number of CD4^(+)FOXP3^(+) regulatory T cells(Tregs)and the CD4/CD8 ratio,none of the CD4^(+),CD8^(+),OX401,GrB^(+) or Prf^(+) TILs were associated with the overall 5-year survival rate.The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients who had a high percentage of Tregs as compared with the those who had a lower percentage(35.3%versus 88.9%,P50.001),while the 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in patients with a high CD4/CD8 ratio as compared with patients who had a low CD4/CD8 ratio(82.4%versus 44.4%,P50.029).When we considered the deaths and surviving cases as separate groups,we found that both the number of CD4^(+) T cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly lower in patients who died as compared with those who survived(26.33±11.80 versus 47.79±38.18,P=0.023 and 0.60±0.25 versus 1.17±1.02,P=0.019,respectively).In conclusion,decreased proportions of tumor-infiltrating CD4^(+) T cells with high percentages of Tregs and reversed CD4/CD8 ratios were significantly associated with the clinical outcome of patients with cervical carcinoma.
文摘To compare the effects of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus calmette guerin (BCG PSN) and thymopeptides on T lymphocytes of normal and immunosuppressed mice, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets of single nucleic cell in thymus, spleen and peripheral blood were detected successively by flow cytometry after application of BCG PSN and thymopeptides. Meanwhile, CD4 +/CD8 + ratio was also calculated. The results showed that both BCG PSN and thymopeptides could decrease the proportion of CD4 + CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets in the thymus, at the same time increase CD4 + T lymphocyte, CD8 +T lymphocyte proportion in the three tissues. The fluctuation in amplitude was greater in thymopeptides group than that in BCG PSN group. It is concluded that acting location of thymopeptides is in thymus, its stimulating action is stronger than that of BCG PSN, while BCG PSN not only accelerates the differentiation in thymus, but also has some direct stimulation to peripheral CD4 +T lymphocytes, and can maintain CD4 +/CD8 + ratio within normal range. So, BCG PSN is safer.
文摘Objective To develop a model of SHIV-KB9/Chinese origin rhesus (Ch Rh) macaques for vaccine research and to compare the pathogenesis of SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques with that reported in Indian rhesus (Ind Rh) macaques. Methods Seven mamu-A*01 negative Ch Rh macaques were inoculated intravenously with 1-10000 MID50 of SHIV-KB9. The monkeys were monitored for viral load, CD4, CDS, SHIV-specific antibody and virus genetic variation. The results were compared with those previously observed in Ind Rh macaques. Results As compared to that observed in Ind Rh macaques, SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques displayed three identical disease progression patterns. However, the primary pattern was not identical between the two subspecies. The level of plasma viremia differed in SHIV-KB9-infected Ch Rh macaques which exhibited different outcomes from those in Ind Rh macaques. Generally, the values of viral load and the maintenance of CD4^+ T cells were associated with humoral responses. Otherwise, the viral genetic distances (divergence, diversity) were larger in animals (M419, M425) with their CD4^+ T cells profoundly depleted. Conclusion The model of SHIV-KB9/Ch Rh macaques displays a relatively slow progression to AIDS compared with Ind Rh macaques, which may more accurately reflect the potential of candidate vaccines in humans.
文摘Infections produced by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV), two of the most prevalent pathogens in cats, range from passing unnoticed to presenting a wide variety of clinical signs. Different epidemiological, clinical, hematological and virological parameters were analyzed in 78 FIV- and/or FeLV-infected cats. FeLV-infected (FeLV+) cats were considerably younger than FIV-infected (FIV+) cats, and in general were seen to have a more severe disease than FIV+ cats. Around one third of the cats presented anemia, and neutropenia was also frequently observed. Though a higher percentage of FIV+ than FeLV+ cats had altered leukocyte counts, FeLV+ cats had altered counts of both neutrophils and lymphocytes more frequently than FIV+, which usually presented only either altered neutrophils or lymphocyte counts. Virological markers were only detected in FeLV+cats, either as mono- or dual-infection, and correlated with the severity of the disease, but not in FIV+ cats. In conclusion, these results suggest that FeLV affects more blood cell types and provokes death of affected animals at a much earlier age than FIV and that the severity of the disease seemed to depend on the viral status of the cat.
文摘Purpose: To explore the effect of rhIL-12 on the number of the blood cells and CD4/8+ T, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD56+ NK cells in liver cancer patients following radiation therapy. Methods: We selected forty liver cancer patients who carried out by cyber knife (the patients were given 5 Gy every time for 5 times continuously) to observe the size of the tumor. After thirty hours, rhIL-12 was injected into the liver cancer patients via subcutaneous at the concentration of 50 ng/kg, 100 ng/kg, 200 ng/kg and 300 ng/kg in different patients, respectively. And there were ten patients in the four groups, respectively. The twenty patients who were selected from the hospital without rhIL-12 treatment were used as controls. All the blood cells were collected from different groups on day 0, hour 12, day 7, day 14, day 21 and day 28 after rhIL-12 treatment, respectively. The full number of blood cells in every group was analyzed by ELISA. The number of CD4/8+ T, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD56+ NK cells were detected by Flow Cytometry. After one month with rhIL-12 treatment, ECOG and WHO were used to evaluate the prognosis of liver cancer. Results: In present study, we found that the number of blood cells was significantly decreased on day 0 - day 3, while recovered from day 7 - day 14 and down-regulated on day 21 after rhIL-12 treatment. The number of CD4/8+ T, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD56+ NK cells was elevated with any concentration of rhIL-12. Furthermore, results showed that number of white blood cells was obviously higher than in patients without rhIL-12 treatment (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference of erythrocyte and platelet, between groups treated with rhIL-12 and control groups. In addition, the immune cells including CD4/8+ T, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD56+ NK cells were reduced on day 0 - day 3, recovered from day 7, and then decreased from day 21 in rhIL-12 treatment groups related to control groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, studies showed that five patients developed symptoms of fever, bilirubin increased and liver dysfunction with the dose of 300 ng/kg. So we found that the safe and well-tolerated human dose of 200 ng/kg is within this efficacious range based on exposure parameters through the research. Higher ECOG and WHO scores were observed in rhIL-12 treatment groups compared to control groups (P = 0.025, P = 0.044, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggested that rhIL-12 could recover the liver cancer induced aberrant blood cell number and CD4/8+ T, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD56+ NK cells , which may be an effective method to alleviate the progress of liver cancer and played an important role in treating liver cancer.