外周血CD4^(+)PD-1^(+)Tcells及CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞ATP含量与复发性卵巢癌疗效的相关性分析

目的 探讨外周血CD4^(+)程序性细胞死亡受体-1(PD-1)^(+)T cells及CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量与复发性卵巢癌疗效的相关性。方法 选取30例复发性卵巢癌患者为复发组,30例未复发卵巢癌患者为非复发组;另选取30名同期体检健康者作为对照组。评估外周血CD4^(+)PD-1^(+)T cells及CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞ATP含量与复发性卵巢癌疗效的相关性。结果 复发组和非复发组的CD4^(+)PD-1^(+)T cells较对照组明显升高(P<0.05)。复发组和非复发组的CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞ATP含量较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。复发组治疗后CD4^(+)PD-1^(+)Tcells显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗后CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞ATP含量显著高于治疗前(P<0.05)。CD4^(+)PD-1^(+)T cells与复发性卵巢癌疗效成负相关(r=-0.393,P=0.039),CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞ATP含量与复发性卵巢癌疗效成正相关(r=0.449,P=0.031)。结论 复发性卵巢癌患者外周血CD4^(+)PD-1^(+)T cells及CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞ATP含量与疗效密切相关。

Peripheral CD4^(+)CD8^(+) double positive T cells:A potential marker to evaluate renal impairment susceptibility during systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus nephritis(LN) has a high incidence in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients, but there is a lack of sensitive predictive markers. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between the CD4^(+)CD8^(+)double positive T(DPT) lymphocytes and LN. The study included patients with SLE without renal impairment(SLE-NRI), LN, nephritic syndrome(NS), or nephritis. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Biochemical measurements were performed with peripheral blood in accordance with the recommendations proposed by the National Center for Clinical Laboratories. The proportions of DPT cells in the LN group were significantly higher than that in the SLE-NRI group(t=4.012, P<0.001), NS group(t=3.240,P=0.001), and nephritis group(t=2.57, P=0.011). In the LN group, the risk of renal impairment increased significantly in a DPT cells proportion-dependent manner. The risk of LN was 5.136 times(95% confidence interval, 2.115–12.473) higher in cases with a high proportion of DPT cells than those whose proportion of DPT cells within the normal range. These findings indicated that the proportion of DPT cells could be a potential marker to evaluate LN susceptibility, and the interference of NS and nephritis could be effectively excluded when assessing the risk of renal impairment during SLE with DPT cell proportion.

An Association between Immunosenescence and CD4^+CD25^+ Regulatory T Cells: A Systematic Review

Objective Age-related increment of the prevalence of CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T （Treg） cells were described controversially, and whether such changes explain immune dysfunction in the elderly is still unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the role of the Tregs in immunosenescence. Methods Medline and manual searches were performed to identify all published epidemiological and animal studies investigating the efficacy of the association between immunosenescence and Treg cells. Results It was founded that the frequency, phenotypic characteristics, and number/function of Tregs were altered significantly with aging. Medical conditions in individuals with advanced ageas well as apoptosis intensity of Treg cells had an impact on the accumulation of Tregs which in turn could deteriorate cytotoxic activity of CD8＋ T and NK cells and production of IL-2. The range of immune cells that could be suppressed by Treg cells was quite wide and covered CD4^＋CD25^＋ T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells and even monocytes. These changes were observed both in humans and experimental animals. Besides, it was believed that frequency of Tregs increased with age and was accompanied by intensified suppressive activity for Tregs in patients, for example, with Alzheimer disease （AD） and Parkinson disease （PD）. The impaired condition of CD4＋ T cells, so-called immunosenescence, rendered transplant recipients less responsive to an allogeneic kidney graft, an effect that was limited to transplant recipients who were aged over 60 years. Conclusions Treg cells are associated with immunosenescence. All these changes contribute to the aging-related decline of immune responses and lead to the higher risk of immune-mediated diseases, cancer or infections in aged individuals.

Analysis of CD4^+CD25^+ Regulatory T Cells and Foxp3 mRNA in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Asthma

The changes of CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T cells （CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg） and Foxp3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） from patients with asthma were investigated in order to elucidate the possible roles of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg in the development of asthma. The peripheral blood samples were collected from 29 healthy controls （normal control group） and 78 patients with asthma which included 30 patients in exacerbation group, 25 patients in persistent group, and 23 patients in remission group. By using flow cytometry and RT-PCR, the CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA in PBMCs were detected. The CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA in PBMCs of exacerbation and persistent groups were lower than that of remission and normal control groups （P〈0.05）. Although the CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA of remission group were also lower than that of normal control group, there was no significant difference between them （P〉0.05）. As compared with persistent group, exacerbation group had lower CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg ratio and Foxp3 mRNA （P〈0.05）. It was indicated that the decrease of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg ratio and its function in PBMCs may be responsible for pathogenesis of asthma.

Depletion of CD4^+CD25^+ regulatory T cells can promote local immunity to suppress tumor growth in benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach carcinoma

AIM： To elucidate the distribution of CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T cells （Tregs） in different lymphoid tissues and its local enhancement on tumor growth before and after depletion of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs. METHODS： Female ICR mice were garaged with benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） to induce forestomach carcinoma. CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs were intraperitoneally depleted with monoclonal antibody PC61. These mice were divided into BaP-only, BaP ＋ IgG, BaP ＋ PC61, and control groups. The forestomach of mice was dissected for histological analysis, and tunnel test was performed for apoptosis of tumor cells. CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs were sorted from different lymphoid tissues and expression of Foxp3, IL-10, and chemokine receptors was analyzed by flow cytometry, semi-quantitative and veal-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS： The mice gavaged with only BaP showed increased forestomach papilloma and carcinoma at wk 16 and 32. The proportion of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs was significantly higher in peri-stomach regional lymph nodes than in other lymphoid tissues. These CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs in regional lymph nodes expressed higher levels of Foxp3 and IL-10, enriched in the CD62L-subset, and CCR1 and CCR5 chemokine receptors. In mice gavaged with BaP ＋ PC61, the number of tumor nodules and tumor volume decreased significantly with massive infiltrating cells and apoptosis of tumor cells. In the draining regional lymph nodes, the number of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs also decreased significantly. CONCLUSION： Inducible and activated CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs in the draining regional lymph nodes suppress host local immunity during tumor growth. Depletion of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs can promote host local immunity to suppress tumor growth.

Increase of CD4^+CD25^+ T cells in Smad3^(-/-) mice

AIM： To investigate the changes of lymphocyte subpopulations, especially CD4^＋CD25^ T regulatory cells in Smad3^-/- mice. METHODS： Hematological changes and changes of lymphocyte subpopulations were detected in Smad3＂/- mice using cell counter and flow cytometry, respectively, and compared to their littermate controls. RESULTS： The numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes in peripheral blood were significantly increased in Smad3^-/- mice compared to littermate controls. CD19^＋ expressing cells in blood and spleen, and CD8^＋ T cells in thymus were all markedly decreased in Smad3^-/- mice. More important, Smad3^-/- mice had an increased population of CD4^＋CD25^＋ T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues, including thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. CONCLUSION： These observations suggest that the changes of lymphocyte subpopulations might play a role in susceptibility to inflammation of Smad3^-/- mice.

Influence of Danshen Injection on airway inflammation and CD4^+ CD25^+ regulatory T cells of asthmatic rats

Objective： To investigate the influence of Danshen Injection on airway inflammation and CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T cells（CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tr） of asthmatic rats, and elucidate the possible mechanism of Danshen Injection in treatment of asthma. Methods： 30 Wister rats were randomly divided into control group, asthma group and Danshen Injection treated group. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids （BALF） were collected, and cytology studies were conducted. Lung tissues were obtained and pathologic analyses were done with hematoxylin and eosin stain （HE）. Flow cytometry was used to detect the CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tr ratio in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs）. Results： Total cell, the percentage of lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils （Eos） in BALF of Danshen Injection-treated group were lower than that in asthma group （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Compared with asthma group, less infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissues was observed in Danshen Injection-treated group. CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tr of asthma group was lower than that of control and Danshen Injection treated group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Danshen Injection can suppress airway inflammation of asthmatic rats, probably by increasing the number of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tr.

Role of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer

AIM To investigate the abundance and potential functions of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells in colorectal cancer(CRC). METHODS Proportions of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells were examined in peripheral blood and tumor/paratumor tissues of CRC patients and healthy controls using flow cytometry. Expression of phenotypic markers such as forkhead box(Fox)p3, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein(CTLA)-4, chemokine CC receptor (CCR)4 and CCR5 was measured using flow cytometry. LAP^-CD4^+ and LAP^+CD4^+ T cells were isolated using a magnetic cellsorting system and cell purity was analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure expression of cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β.RESULTS The proportion of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells was significantly higher in peripheral blood from patients (9.44% ± 3.18%) than healthy controls (1.49% ± 1.00%, P < 0.001). Among patients, the proportion of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells was significantly higher in tumor tissues(11.76% ± 3.74%) compared with paratumor tissues (3.87% ± 1.64%, P < 0.001). We also observed positive correlations between the proportion of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells and TNM stage(P < 0.001), distant metastasis(P < 0.001) and serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen(P < 0.05). Magnetic-activated cell sorting gave an overall enrichment of LAP^+CD4^+ T cells (95.02% ± 2.87%), which was similar for LAP^-CD4^+ T cells(94.75% ± 2.76%). In contrast to LAP^-CD4^+ T cells, LAP^+CD4^+ T cells showed lower Foxp3 expression but significantly higher levels of CTLA-4, CCR4 and CCR5(P < 0.01). LAP^+CD4^+ T cells expressed significantly larger amounts of IL-10 and TGF-β but lower levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-17 and interferon-γ, compared with LAPCD4+ T cells.CONCLUSION LAP^+CD4^+ T cells accumulated in the tumor microenvironment of CRC patients and were involved in immune evasion mediated by IL-10 and TGF-β.

Glutamine deprivation impairs function of infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing mitochondrial damage and apoptosis

BACKGROUND The functions of infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells are often impaired due to tumor cells causing nutrient deprivation in the tumor microenvironment.Thus,the mechanisms of CD8^(+)T cell dysfunction have become a hot research topic,and there is increased interest on how changes in metabolomics correlate with CD8^(+)T cell dysfunction.AIM To investigate whether and how glutamine metabolism affects the function of infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence were performed on surgically resected liver tissues from patients.Differentially expressed genes in infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma were detected using RNA sequencing.Activated CD8^(+)T cells were co-cultured with Huh-7 cells for 3 d.The function and mitochondrial status of CD8^(+)T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,and transmission electron microscopy.Next,CD8^(+)T cells were treated with the mitochondrial protective and damaging agents.Functional alterations in CD8^(+)T cells were detected by flow cytometry.Then,complete medium without glutamine was used to culture cells and their functional changes and mitochondrial status were detected.RESULTS There were a large number of infiltrating PD-1+CD8^(+)T cells in liver cancer tissues.Next,we cocultured CD8^(+)T cells and Huh-7 cells to explore the regulatory effect of hepatoma cells on CD8^(+)T cells.Flow cytometry results revealed increased PD-1 expression and decreased secretion of perforin(PRF1)and granzyme B(GZMB)by CD8^(+)T cells in the co-culture group.Meanwhile,JC-1 staining was decreased and the levels of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis were increased in CD8^(+)T cells of the co-culture group;additionally,the mitochondria of these cells were swollen.When CD8^(+)T cells were treated with the mitochondrial protective and damaging agents,their function was restored and inhibited,respectively,through the mitochondrial damage and apoptotic pathways.Subsequently,complete medium without glutamine was used to culture cells.As expected,CD8^(+)T cells showed functional downregulation,mitochondrial damage,and apoptosis.CONCLUSION Glutamine deprivation impairs the function of infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma through the mitochondrial damage and apoptotic pathways.

CD4^+CD29^+T细胞在肺癌患者的表达及其与肿瘤病理学类型及分期的相关性

目的:探讨肺癌患者CD4+CD29+T细胞与病理类型及分期的相关性。方法:采用流式细胞术检测60例肺癌患者外周血CD4+CD29+T细胞、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α),探讨三者与病理类型及分期的相关性。结果:(1)肺癌患者CD4+CD29+T细胞及TNF-α百分含量均较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),而IFN-γ显著降低(P<0.05);(2)肺癌患者鳞癌、腺癌、大细胞癌及小细胞癌分别为23、17、11及9例;0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ及Ⅲ期患者分别为15、15、17及13例;(3)CD4+CD29+T细胞及TNF-α百分含量与病理类型及分期均呈显著正相关性,但IFN-γ与病理类型及分期呈显著负相关性(r绝对值均>0.65,均P<0.05)。结果:CD4+CD29+T细胞及TNF-α含量升高、IFN-γ降低是肺癌的一个重要免疫学特征,且与病理类型及分期密切相关。

Isolation and identification of CD4^+CD25^+ regulatory T cells in rat

Objective： To establish a stable and high efficient method for collection of CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T cells from rats in vitro. Methods： CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T cells were isolated from the rat splenic cells through two steps by magic cell sorting （MACS） system. The first step was negative selection of CD4^＋T cells by cocktail antibodies and anti-IgG magic microbeads, and the second step was positive selection of CD25^＋T cells by anti-CD25 PE and anti-PE magic microbeads. The purity and viability of separated cells were measured by flow cytometry （FACS） and Trypan blue staining. The suppressive ability of seperated cells on the proliferation of CD4^＋CD25^- T cells was assessed by cell proliferation assay. Results： The purity of negatively enriched CD4^＋ T cells was 79%-87% （83.6%±2.5% ） , and the purity of positively enriched CD4^＋CD25^＋ T cells was 86%- 93% （ 90.2±1.8% ） with the viability of 92%～95% （92.8% ± 3.4% ）. The enriched cells significantly suppressed the proliferation of CD4^＋CD25^- T cells in mixed lymphocyte culture （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： An effective method can be established for enrichment of CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T cells in two steps by MACS, with satisfied cell purity, viability and function.

轮状病毒肠炎患儿外周血CD4^+CD29^+T细胞表达及其与治疗关系

目的了解轮状病毒(RV)肠炎患儿外周血CD4^+CD29^+T细胞表达及其与治疗关系。方法 69例RV肠炎患儿分为观察组及对照组,分别给予抗RV免疫球蛋白及常规抗病毒治疗;比较两组患儿治疗前后外周血CD4^+CD29^+T细胞、IL-2、IL-12水平变化,粪便内RV-RNA含量及腹泻天数差异。结果观察组治疗后CD4^+CD29^+T细胞、IL-2及粪便内RV-RNA水平均显著低于治疗前及对照组(P<0.01),而IL-12水平显著增高(P<0.01)。观察组腹泻天数明显少于对照组(P<0.01)。RV肠炎患儿粪便内RV-RNA、腹泻天数与外周血CD4^+CD29^+T细胞、IL-2水平呈正相关(P<0.01或0.05),而与IL-12呈负相关(P<0 05)。结论外周血CD4^+CD29^+T细胞、IL-2水平升高及IL-12水平降低是RV肠炎的细胞免疫特征,且与病毒数量及腹泻程度明显相关。

CD4^+CD25^(high) Regulatory Cells in Peripheral Blood of NSCLC Patients

The proportion and changes of CD4^＋CD25^high regulatory T cells （Trs） in peripheral blood of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients were analyzed and their clinical significance explored. The peripheral blood was collected from 61 patients with NSCLC and 15 healthy controls. By using monoclonal antibodies, the blood samples were evaluated with the flow cytometry for lymphocyte subsets （CD3^＋, CD4^＋ and CD8^＋） and CD4^＋CD25^high Tr cells. The results showed that the proportion of CD4^＋CD25^high Tr cells in NSCLC group was significantly higher than in control group [（4.36 ±2.07） % vs （2.04±1.03） %, P〈0.01]. The proportion of CD4^＋CD25^ high Tr cells in late stage was higher than that in early stage [stages Ⅰ ＋Ⅱ （2.264±0.6） %; stage Ⅲ（3.284± 1.38） %; stage IV （6.06 4±4.08） %] （P〈0.05）. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the prognosis of the patients who had higher proportion of CD4^＋CD25^high Tr cells in peripheral blood was worse （P=0.0026）. In conclusion, the relative increase in CD4^＋CD25^high Tr cells in peripheral blood may be related to im- munosuppression and tumor progression in patients with NSCLC. This finding suggests that CD4^＋CD25^high Tr cells in peripheral blood of NSCLC may be positive for prognosis analysis. The use of depletion of the CD4^＋CD25^high Tr cell therapy to treat NSCLC patients may be an effective strategy.

Effect of macrophage polarization regulated by miR-29b,B7H3 on CD4^(+)T cell differentiation in asthma

Objective:To explore the mechanism that miR-29b and B7H3 regulate the polarization of macrophages and thus affect the differentiation of CD4^(+)T.Methods:1.PBMC was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with asthma and normal children in the affiliated Children's Hospital of Soochow University,and RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed.The expression of miR-29b and B7H3mRNA was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Q-PCR).The family history of asthma and history of allergic diseases were collected.2.THP-1 cells were induced into macrophages,miR-29b interference,miR-29b overexpression and normal control were induced by LV526,LV527 and NC virus infection.After 24 hours of culture,the cells were collected to detect the expression of STAT3 and B7H3 genes and proteins.3.It was verified that STAT3 was the target gene of miR-29b:after inoculating THP-1 cells and culturing with PMA with final concentration of 50ng/ml for 6 hours,the macrophages without PMA were cultured for 24 hours,then the macrophages infected by LV528,LV529 and NC virus were induced to form miR-29b interference,miR29b overexpression and normal control group.Luciferase analysis was performed at 48 hours to verify that STAT3 was the target gene of miR-29b.STAT3-3'UTR luciferase reporter gene plasmids were constructed and divided into three groups:"miR-29b+STAT3-3'UTR","miR-29b+STAT3-mut-3'UTR"and"miR-29b+luciferase empty load".4.Macrophages with different treatments were co-cultured with initial T cells for 3 days.The relative expressions of T-bet,GATA3 and ROR-γt were detected by Q-PCR.Result:1.The incidence of allergic disease in the acute attack group(68%)was higher than that in the other two groups(34.8%,33.3%),and the family history of asthma in the normal group(0%)was much lower than that in the other two groups(52%,60.9%).The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).2.The expression of B7H3 in PBMC in acute attack group was higher than that in non-acute attack group and normal group.The expression of miR-29b in PBMC in normal group was significantly higher than that in non-acute attack group and acute attack group(P<0.0001).The expression of miR-29b in non-acute attack group was significantly higher than that in acute attack group(P=0.007).3.After silencing the expression of miR-29b,IL-4Rα,IL-4,IL-5,IL-13 and CD206 of macrophages increased significantly,while IFN-γdecreased,suggesting that miR-29b can promote the polarization of macrophages to M2.4.The overexpression of miR-29b,STAT3 and B7H3 gene and protein level in macrophages decreased,while the increase of miR-29b,STAT3 and B7H3 gene and protein expression was inhibited.5.There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of STAT3 and B7H3mRNA in macrophages(r=0.9737,P<0.0001).6.STAT3 is the target gene of miR-29b.7.Co-culture of macrophages with CD4^(+)T cells can promote the differentiation of primary T cells,namely Th 0 cells,into Th2,and the promoting effect of macrophages with downregulation of miR-29b is more obvious.Conclusion:The expression of miR-29b in PBMC of children with asthma is lower than that of normal children,while the expression of B7H3 is higher than that of normal children.It is speculated that miR-29b has a protective effect on children with asthma,while B7H3 aggravates the inflammatory response.Down-regulation of miR-29b,in macrophages can promote macrophages to M2 polarization,increase the expression of B7H3 and STAT3 in macrophages,make Th0 cells differentiate into Th2 cells,and aggravate the inflammatory response in patients with asthma.

Effect of Mg^(2+)level on the functions of CD8^(+)T lymphocytes and NK cells in patients with COVID-19

Objective:To investigate the changes of Mg^(2+) levels in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of patients with COVID-19 and its effects on the functions of CD8^(+)T lymphocytes and NK cells.Methods:A total of 165 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Ezhou Central Hospital from January 20 to February 20,2020 were divided into mild/common group(98 cases)and severe/critical group(67 cases).At the same time,34 healthy persons were selected as the control group.Peripheral blood was collected and PBMCs were isolated,the level of Mg^(2+) in serum and PBMCs was detected.The subsets of CD8^(+)T lymphocytes and NK cell and the expression levels of their surface inhibitory molecular PD-1 and activator molecular NKG2D were detected by flow cytometry.The correlation between Mg^(2+) concentration and the expression levels of PD-1 and NKG2D was also analyzed.Results:Compared with the control group,the concentration of Mg^(2+) in serum and PBMCs,the counts of CD8^(+)T lymphocytes and NK cell in patients with mild/common and severe/critical groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the expression level of surface inhibitory molecular PD-1 were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression level of the activation molecule NKG2D were significantly decreased(P<0.05).However,the changes of the above indicators in patients with severe/critical group were greater than those in the mild/common group(P<0.05).In addition,the Mg^(2+) concentration in COVID-19 patients was negatively correlated with the expression level of PD-1 on CD8^(+)T lymphocytes and NK cells(P<0.05),and positively correlated with the expression levels of NKG2D(P<0.05).Conclusion:The concentration of Mg^(2+) in the serum and PBMCs of COVID-19 patients is significantly reduced,which may cause the function of CD8^(+)T lymphocytes and NK cells to be inhibited.

哮喘中miR-29b、B7-H3调控巨噬细胞极化影响CD4^(+)T细胞分化的作用及机制研究

目的:探讨miR-29b、B7-H3调控巨噬细胞极化从而对CD4^(+)T分化产生影响的机制。方法:(1)收集在苏州大学附属儿童医院就诊的哮喘患儿及正常儿童外周血分离外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),提取RNA并进行逆转录,采用实时定量聚合酶链式反应(Q-PCR)技术测定miR-29b、B7-H3mRNA的表达,并收集患儿的哮喘家族史、变应性疾病史等。(2)THP-1细胞诱导为巨噬细胞后,用LV526、LV527和NC病毒侵染诱导成功的巨噬细胞形成miR-29b干扰、miR-29b过表达以及正常对照组,培养24 h后收集细胞检测STAT3和B7-H3基因及蛋白水平的表达。(3)验证STAT3为miR-29b的靶基因:接种THP-1细胞,加终浓度为50 ng/mL的PMA培养6 h后,换无PMA完全培养基继续培养24 h,然后用LV526、LV527和NC病毒侵染诱导成功的巨噬细胞形成miR-29b干扰、miR-29b过表达以及正常对照组,48 h进行荧光素酶分析来验证STAT3为miR-29b的靶基因。构建STAT3-3′-UTR荧光素酶报告基因质粒,并分为3组“miR-29b+STAT3-3′-UTR”、“miR-29b+STAT3-mut-3′-UTR”、“miR-29b+荧光素酶空载”。(4)不同处理方式的巨噬细胞与初始T细胞共培养3 d,Q-PCR检测T-bet、GATA3、ROR-γt的相对表达量。结果:(1)哮喘急性发作期组患儿的变应性疾病发生率高于其他两组(P=0.032),对照组的哮喘家族史远低于其他两组,差别具有统计学意义(P=0.001)。(2)哮喘急性发作期组PBMC中B7-H3表达量高于哮喘非急性发作期组与对照组,对照组PBMC中miR-29b表达量明显高于哮喘患儿非急性发作期组与急性发作期组(P<0.0001),哮喘非急性发作期组miR-29b表达量高于哮喘急性发作期组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。(3)沉默表达miR-29b后巨噬细胞IL-4Rα、IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、CD206明显升高,而IFN-γ下降,提示miR-29b可以促进巨噬细胞向M2极化。(4)巨噬细胞过表达miR-29b,STAT3、B7-H3基因水平及蛋白水平表达下降;抑制miR-29b,STAT3、B7-H3基因水平及蛋白水平表达上升。(5)巨噬细胞STAT3与B7-H3mRNA的表达成显著正相关(r=0.9737,P<0.0001)。(6)STAT3是miR-29b的靶基因。(7)巨噬细胞与CD4^(+)T细胞共培养,可促进初始T细胞即Th0细胞向Th2方向分化,其中下调miR-29b的巨噬细胞促进作用更明显。结论:哮喘患儿PBMC中miR-29b表达量低于对照组儿童,而B7-H3高于对照组儿童,初步猜想miR-29b对于哮喘儿童具有保护作用,而B7-H3加重炎症反应。在巨噬细胞中下调miR-29b,可促进巨噬细胞向M2极化,巨噬细胞B7-H3及STAT3表达增加,使Th0细胞向Th2细胞分化,加重哮喘患者炎症反应。

Revolutionizing tumor immunotherapy:unleashing the power of progenitor exhausted T cells

In exploring persistent infections and malignancies, a distinctive subgroup of CD8^(+) T cells, progenitor exhausted CD8^(+) T(Tpex) cells, has been identified. These Tpex cells are notable for their remarkable self-renewal and rapid proliferation abilities. Recent strides in immunotherapy have demonstrated that Tpex cells expand and differentiate into responsive exhausted CD8^(+) T cells, thus underscoring their critical role in the immunotherapeutic retort. Clinical examinations have further clarified a robust positive correlation between the proportional abundance of Tpex cells and enhanced clinical prognosis. Tpex cells have found noteworthy applications in the formulation of inventive immunotherapeutic approaches against tumors. This review describes the functions of Tpex cells in the tumor milieu, particularly their potential utility in tumor immunotherapy. Precisely directing Tpex cells may be essential to achieving successful outcomes in immunotherapy against tumors.

Effects of estrogen on CD4^+ CD25^+ regulatory T cell in peripheral blood during pregnancy

Objective To investigate the effects of estrogen(E_2)level on regulatory T cells(Treg)in peripheral blood during pregnancy.Methods:A total of 30 healthy non-pregnant women were selected as control group,90 pregnant women of early,middle and late pregnancy and 30 postpartum women at 1 month after parturition were selected as experimental groups including early pregnancy group,middle pregnancy group and late pregnancy group;the proportions of CD4^+CD25^+Treg and CD4^+CD25^+CD127^-Treg among CD4 T cells were detected by flow cytometry;the serum estrogen content in peripheral blood was detected by electrochemical immune luminescence method.Results:E_2 level was coincident with the change of Tregs number during pregnancy.The estrogen content in peripheral blood increased gradually from early pregnancy to late pregnancy,then decreased significantly after parturition,and the level at 1 month after parturition down to the level in non-pregnancy group(P>0.05);the level of E_2 in pregnancy groups were significantly higher than those in non-pregnancy group(P<0.01);and there were significant differences among early pregnancy group,middle pregnancy group and late pregnancy group(P<0.05).The proportions of CD4^+CD25^+Treg and CD4^+CD25^+CD127^-Treg in pregnancy groups were significantly higher than those in non-pregnancy group(P<0.05),but decreased significantly after parturition,and there was no significant difference between non-pregnancy group and postpartum women group(P>0.05):the proportions in middle and late pregnancy groups were significantly higher than those in early pregnancy group(P<0.05).but decreased slightly in late pregnancy group,there was no significant difference between late pregnancy group and middle pregnancy group(P>0.05).There was correlation between Tregs number with estrogen level during pregnancy.The proportion of CD4^+CD25^+Treg and CD4^+CD25^+CD 127^-Treg were positively correlated with estrogen level.Conclusions:High proportion of CD4^+CD25^+Trcg and CD4^+CD25^+CD127^-Treg is closely related to the high level of E,during pregnancy.It suggested that high level of estrogen may induce an increase of CD4^+CD25^+Treg in peripheral blood.and then influence the immune function of pregnant women.The results of this experiment might play an important role of estrogen in immune-modulation during pregnancy.

非小细胞肺癌患者CD4^+CD29^+T细胞含量与复发及生存期的关系

目的探讨CD4+CD29+T细胞在预测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者复发的作用,以及不同因素下的生存期差异。方法对59例NSCLC进行为期5年的随访,检测外周血CD4+CD29+T细胞含量,使用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价该细胞预测复发的敏感度及特异度,并与癌胚抗原(CEA)及细胞角蛋白21-1(Cyfra21-1)进行对比;使用Kaplan-Meier法对不同性别、年龄段、职业种类及是否放疗的NSCLC患者的生存情况进行分析。结果 59例NSCLC患者生存期最短为23个月,最长随访期>67个月;共有19例复发,其中有17例在随访期内均死于肿瘤转移(28.81%)。未接受放疗患者及复发患者的CD4+CD29+T细胞含量均分别显著高于放疗及无复发患者(均为P=0.000)。ROC分析显示曲线下面积(AUC)由大及小的顺序为CD4+CD29+T细胞>Cyfra21-1>CEA(P=0.002、0.006及0.013),95%可信区间(CI)分别为0.649~0.981、0.621~0.936及0.584~0.944;当CD4+CD29+T细胞百分含量为7.53%,其预测复发的敏感度为91.42%,特异度为87.59%。以上59例NSCLC患者的5年生存率为71.18%(42/59),Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示女性生存期长于男性(P=0.038),<50岁生存期长于>50岁(P=0.013),非脑力劳动者生存期长于脑力劳动者(P=0.029),放疗患者生存期长于未放疗患者(P=0.003)。结论 CD4+CD29+T细胞预测NSCLC复发的效能优于Cyfra21-1及CEA;男性、大于55岁、从事脑力劳动、未行放射治疗是NSCLC的复发高危因素。

肺腺癌患者CD4^+CD29^+T细胞含量与转移及放疗的关系

目的:观察肺腺癌患者CD4^+CD29^+T细胞含量与转移及放疗的关系。方法:收集71例肺腺癌患者为观察对象,并以非肺腺癌、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者及健康志愿者作为对照,比较血CD4^+CD29^+T细胞及其胞内肿瘤坏死因子α及白介素1(IL-1)的含量差异;比较转移与未转移、放疗前后肺腺癌患者上述指标及整合素β1、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)含量的差异,并分析其相关性。结果:肺腺癌及非肺腺癌患者均显著高于COPD及健康组,且肺腺癌组显著高于非肺腺癌组(P<0.05);肺腺癌转移患者的整合素β1、VEGF及CD4^+CD29^+T细胞、TNF-α及IL-1均显著高于未转移组(P<0.05);放疗后肺腺癌患者CD4^+CD29^+T细胞、TNF-α及IL-1均显著低于放疗前(P<0.05);CD4^+CD29^+T细胞、TNF-α及IL-1三者均与整合素β1及VEGF呈显著正相关性。结论:CD4^+CD29^+T细胞及其细胞因子在肺腺癌患者外周血表达增加,且与转移及放疗预后密切相关,具有重要临床意义。