Identification of prognostic molecular subtypes and model based on CD8+ T cells for lung adenocarcinoma

Background:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CD8+T)cells function critically in mediating anti-tumor immune response in cancer patients.Characterizing the specific functions of CD8+T cells in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)could help better understand local anti-tumor immune responses and estimate the effect of immunotherapy.Methods:Gens related to CD8+T cells were identified by cluster analysis based on the single-cell sequencing data of three LUAD tissues and their paired normal tissues.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),consensus clustering,differential expression analysis,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)and Cox regression analysis were conducted to classify molecular subtypes for LUAD and to develop a risk model using prognostic genes related to CD8+T cells.Expression of the genes in the prognostic model,their effects on tumor cell invasion,and interactions with CD8+T cells were verified by cell experiments.Results:This study defined two LUAD clusters(CD8+0 and CD8+1)based on CD8+T cells,with cluster CD8+0 being significantly associated with the prognosis of LUAD.Three heterogeneous subtypes(clusters 1,2,and 3)differing in prognosis,genome mutation events,and immune status were categorized using 42 prognostic genes.A prognostic model created based on 11 significant genes(including CD200R1,CLEC17A,ZC3H12D,GNG7,SNX30,CDCP1,NEIL3,IGF2BP1,RHOV,ABCC2,and KRT81)was able to independently estimate the death risk for patients in different LUAD cohorts.Moreover,the model also showed general applicability in external validation cohorts.Low-risk patients could benefit more from taking immunotherapy and were significantly related to the resistance to anticancer drugs.The results from cell experiments demonstrated that the expression of CD200R1,CLEC17A,ZC3H12D,GNG7,and SNX30 was significantly downregulated,while that of CDCP1,NEIL3,IGF2BP1,RHOV,ABCC2 and KRT81 was upregulated in LUAD cells.Inhibition of CD200R1 greatly increased the invasiveness of the LUAD cells,but inhibiting CDCP1 expression weakened the invasion ability of LUAD cells.Conclusion:This study defined two prognostic CD8+T cell clusters and classified three heterogeneous molecular subtypes for LUAD.A prognostic model predictive of the potential effects of immunotherapy on LUAD patients was developed.

外周血CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞对老年脓毒症患者预后的预测价值

目的 探讨外周血CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞对老年脓毒症患者预后的预测价值。方法 采用回顾性队列研究,选取2015年2月—2016年8月西安交通大学第二附属医院重症医学科住院的年龄≥60岁的脓毒症患者75例,依据ICU结局分为存活组(n=54)及死亡组(n=21)。收集患者一般资料,诊断脓毒症当天进行急性生理和慢性健康评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分及序贯器官衰竭(SOFA)评分,检测外周血液标本TNF-a、IL-10及CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞。结果 死亡组平均年龄大于存活组(P<0.05)。死亡组较存活组有更高的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分及休克比例,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。死亡组外周血CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞、TNF-a、IL-10较存活组更高(P<0.05)。存活组的耐药菌感染比例低于死亡组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。无论单因素还是对一系列协变量进行调整的多因素Logistic回归分析均显示,较高的外周血CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞比例与高的ICU死亡率相关(OR, 1.21;95%CI, 1.10~1.33)(OR, 1.30;95%CI, 1.07~1.58);APACHEⅡ评分预后预测的AUC为0.78(95%CI 0.67~0.90),将最适诊断界点22.5分作为预测死亡可能的临界点,敏感性和特异性分别为61.9%和75.2%。SOFA评分预后预测的AUC为0.80(95%CI,0.68~0.92),将最适诊断界点9.5分作为预测死亡可能的临界点,敏感性和特异性分别为71.4%和77.8%。外周血CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞预后预测的AUC为0.91(95%CI,0.83~0.99),将最适诊断界点60.2%作为预测死亡可能的临界点,敏感性和特异性分别为81.0%和92.6%。结论 老年脓毒症患者外周血高CD8+CD28-CD57+T淋巴细胞比例与ICU死亡率增加相关,一定程度上可用于评估此类人群的病情严重程度及预测预后。

Predicting the Prognosis and Immunotherapeutic Response of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Constructing a Prognostic Model Based on CD8+T Cell-Related Immune Genes

Objective Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)poses a significant challenge for treatment efficacy.CD8+T cells,which are pivotal immune cells,can be effectively analyzed for differential gene expression across diverse cell populations owing to rapid advancements in sequencing technology.By leveraging these genes,our objective was to develop a prognostic model that accurately predicts the prognosis of patients with TNBC and their responsiveness to immunotherapy.Methods Sample information and clinical data of TNBC were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas and METABRIC databases.In the initial stage,we identified 67 differentially expressed genes associated with immune response in CD8+T cells.Subsequently,we narrowed our focus to three key genes,namely CXCL13,GBP2,and GZMB,which were used to construct a prognostic model.The accuracy of the model was assessed using the validation set data and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Furthermore,we employed various methods,including Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway,immune infiltration,and correlation analyses with CD274(PD-L1)to explore the model's predictive efficacy in immunotherapeutic responses.Additionally,we investigated the potential underlying biological pathways that contribute to divergent treatment responses.Results We successfully developed a model capable of predicting the prognosis of patients with TNBC.The areas under the curve(AUC)values for the 1-,3-,and 5-year survival predictions were 0.618,0.652,and 0.826,respectively.Employing this risk model,we stratified the samples into high-and low-risk groups.Through KEGG enrichment analysis,we observed that the high-risk group predominantly exhibited enrichment in metabolism-related pathways such as drug and chlorophyll metabolism,whereas the low-risk group demonstrated significant enrichment in cytokine pathways.Furthermore,immune landscape analysis revealed noteworthy variations between(PD-L1)expression and risk scores,indicating that our model effectively predicted the response of patients to immune-based treatments.Conclusion Our study demonstrates the potential of CXCL13,GBP2,and GZMB as prognostic indicators of clinical outcomes and immunotherapy responses in patients with TNBC.These findings provide valuable insights and novel avenues for developing immunotherapeutic approaches targeting TNBC.

Tumor-derived DEFB1 induces immune tolerance by inhibiting maturation of dendritic cell and impairing CD8+T cell function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective:CD8+T cells are the key effector cells in the anti-tumor immune response.The mechanism underlying the infiltration of CD8+T cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)has not been clearly elucidated.Methods:Fresh ESCC tissues were collected and grouped according to the infiltration density of CD8+T cells.After the transcriptome sequencing on these samples and the combined analyses with The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)ESCC data,a secreted protein DEFB1 was selected to explore its potential role in the infiltration of CD8+T cells.Bioinformatics analyses,histological verification and in vitro experiments were then performed.Results:DEFB1 was highly expressed in ESCC,and the high expression of DEFB1 was an independent risk factor for overall survival.Since the up-regulation or down-regulation of DEFB1 did not affect the proliferation,migration and apoptosis of ESCC cells,we speculated that the oncogenic effect of DEFB1 was achieved by regulating microenvironmental characteristics.Bioinformatics analyses suggested that DEFB1 might play a major role in the inflammatory response and anti-tumor immune response,and correlate to the infiltration of immature dendritic cell(imDC)in ESCC.Histological analyses further confirmed that there were less CD8+T cells infiltrated,less CD83+mature DC(mDC)infiltrated and more CD1a+imDC infiltrated in those ESCC samples with high expression of DEFB1.After the treatment with recombinant DEFB1 protein,the maturation of DC was hindered significantly,followed by the impairment of the killing effects of T cells in both 2D and 3D culture in vitro.Conclusions:Tumor-derived DEFB1 can inhibit the maturation of DC and weaken the function of CD8+T cells,accounting for the immune tolerance in ESCC.The role of DEFB1 in ESCC deserves further exploration.

炎症性肠病患者肠道菌群特点及其与CD8^(+)CD28^(+)/CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞免疫的相关性分析

目的探讨炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)患者肠道菌群特点及其与CD8^(+)CD28^(+)/CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞免疫的相关性。方法选取2021年6月至2023年6月山西白求恩医院医院IBD患者83例,根据疾病类型分为溃疡性结肠炎组(UC组、51例)和克罗恩病组(CD组、32例),另选取同期体检健康成人为对照组(45名)。收集3组基本资料和临床资料,比较3组粪便菌群特点、外周血CD8^(+)CD28^(+)、CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞水平和炎症因子水平,采用Pearson相关分析粪便菌群数量与CD8^(+)CD28^(+)和CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞水平的相关性。结果83例IBD患者中男55例、女28例,年龄20~58岁,平均(39.9±9.2)岁;45名对照组中男26例、女19例,平均(39.7±9.3)岁。3组一般资料的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,UC组和CD组肠道菌群中大肠埃希菌、肠杆菌、酵母菌、拟杆菌、肠球菌群数量较高,消化球菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、真杆菌菌群数量较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,UC组和CD组CD8^(+)CD28^(+)T细胞水平和CD8^(+)CD28^(+)/CD8^(+)CD28^(-)较低,CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞水平较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CD8^(+)CD28^(+)/CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T与肠杆菌、酵母菌、拟杆菌呈负相关(r=-0.416、-0.344、-0.471,均P<0.05),与乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌呈正相关(r=0.354、0.481,均P<0.05)。结论IBD患者肠道菌群数量异常改变,且存在CD8^(+)CD28^(+)/CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞免疫失调,体内炎症反应增强。IBD患者的肠道菌群如肠杆菌、酵母菌、拟杆菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量与CD8^(+)CD28^(+)和CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞水平存在相关性。

CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞对单倍型造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病的影响

目的:探讨CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞对单倍型造血干细胞移植(haplo-HSCT)后急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的影响。方法:回顾性分析60例行haplo-HSCT的血液病患者移植后CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞绝对计数与aGVHD的关系,并比较不同CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞绝对计数组间慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)、感染及预后的差异。结果:60例行haplo-HSCT患者中有40例发生aGVHD,发生率为66.67%,中位发生时间为32.5(20-100)天。Haplo-HSCT后30天,aGVHD组CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞绝对计数显著低于无aGVHD组(P=0.03)。ROC曲线表明移植后30天CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞绝对计数在一定程度上可预测aGVHD的易感性。移植后30天低细胞计数组(CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞绝对计数<0.06/μl)患者的aGVHD发生率显著高于高细胞计数组(CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞绝对计数≥0.06/μl,P=0.011)。多因素Cox回归分析进一步验证了移植后30天CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞绝对计数是aGVHD发生的独立风险因素,低细胞计数组aGVHD的发生风险是高细胞计数组的2.222倍(P=0.015)。不同CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞绝对计数组间cGVHD、真菌感染、EB病毒感染、巨细胞病毒感染的发生无统计学差异。不同CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞绝对计数组的总生存率、非复发相关死亡率、复发率没有显示出明显的统计学差异。结论:行haplo-HSCT后30天CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞延迟重建的患者更易发生aGVHD,并且CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞绝对计数在一定程度上可预测其易感性。单倍型造血干细胞移植后CD8^(+)CD28^(-)T细胞绝对计数与cGVHD、真菌感染、EB病毒感染、巨细胞病毒感染无关,且与移植后的生存预后无显著相关。

外周血CD4^(+)CD25^(+)、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)调节性T细胞水平对早期宫颈癌患者腹腔镜根治术后预后的预测价值

目的分析外周血CD4^(+)CD25^(+)、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)调节性T细胞水平对早期宫颈癌(CC)患者腹腔镜根治术后预后的预测价值。方法招募2018年9月至2020年9月于儋州市人民医院接受腹腔镜根治术治疗的早期CC患者204例,根据患者术后随访期间预后情况分为预后不良组(43例)和预后良好组(161例)。比较两组临床资料。采用Spearman秩相关分析外周血CD4^(+)CD25^(+)调节性T细胞水平与CD8^(+)CD28^(+)调节性T细胞水平的相关性。采用多因素logistic回归分析早期CC患者腹腔镜根治术后预后不良的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估外周血CD4^(+)CD25^(+)、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)调节性T细胞水平对早期CC患者腹腔镜根治术后预后不良的预测价值。结果预后不良组CD4^(+)CD25^(+)调节性T细胞、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)水平,术后切缘阳性占比以及术中宫旁浸润占比高于预后良好组,CD8^(+)CD28^(+)调节性T细胞水平低于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,早期CC患者外周血CD4^(+)CD25^(+)调节性T细胞水平与CD8^(+)CD28^(+)调节性T细胞水平呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.478,P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,较高的CEA、CA125、CD4^(+)CD25^(+)调节性T细胞水平是促进早期CC患者腹腔镜根治术后预后不良发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05),较高的CD8^(+)CD28^(+)调节性T细胞水平是抑制早期CC患者腹腔镜根治术后预后不良发生的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,外周血CD4^(+)CD25^(+)、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)调节性T细胞水平能有效预测早期CC患者腹腔镜根治术后预后不良(P<0.05),两项指标联合可进一步提高预测效能[AUC(95%CI)=0.939(0.898~0.979),P<0.001],灵敏度和特异度分别为86.00%、88.20%。结论外周血CD4^(+)CD25^(+)、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)调节性T细胞水平与早期CC患者腹腔镜根治术后预后不良有关,二者能有效预测早期CC患者腹腔镜根治术后预后不良。

TRANSFORMING-GROWTH FACTOR-PI PREFERENTIALLY INHIBITS THE INDUCTION OF CYTOTOXICITY IN HUMAN T CELLS STIMULATED VIA CD28

Generally, TGF-βs are held to down- regulate the growth of immune cells and to inhibit the development of certain differentiated functions, such as the induction of LAK activity by IL-2. In the present study, the effects of TGF-β1 on the proliferation and cytotoxicity of human PBMC activated by anti-CD3 or and-CD3 plus anti-CD28 was investigated. The results demonstrated that TGF- β1 clearly inhibits the induction of cytotoxic ability in human PBMC stimulated via CD3 or CD3 and CD28 ( P<0. 01) , without significantly altering the proliferative response to these stimuli, at the tested doses of TGF-β1. Co-stimulation with IL-2 was hardly altered, suggesting that TGF-β1 action is affected by the nature of the costimulatory signals.

The changes and clinical significance of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD28-T cells in peripheral blood of patients with stroke

Objective:To study the changes of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD28-T cells in peripheral blood of patients with stroke and their correlation with neuronal damage markers, inflammatory cytokines and plaque stability indicators.Methods: The patients who were diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke in our hospital between June 2014 and December 2017 were selected as the stroke group of the research, and healthy volunteers who received physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Peripheral blood was collected to determine the contents of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD28-T cells, and serum was collected to determine the contents of neuron damage markers, inflammatory cytokines and plaque stability indicators.Results: Peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ cell content as well as serum BDNF, IGF-1, IL-10, TGF-β1, TIMP2 and Vaspin contents of stroke group was lower than those of control group whereas peripheral blood CD4+CD28-T cell content as well as serum NSE, VILIP-1, ET-1, IL-6, CXCL12, VCAM-1, P-selectin, ox-LDL, CatS, ICTP and VEGF contents was higher than those of control group;peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ cell content of stroke group was positively correlated with serum BDNF, IGF-1, IL-10, TGF-β1, TIMP2 and Vaspin contents, and negatively correlated with NSE, VILIP-1, ET-1, IL-6, CXCL12, VCAM-1, P-selectin, ox-LDL, CatS, ICTP and VEGF contents;peripheral blood CD4+CD28-T cell content was negatively correlated with serum BDNF, IGF-1, IL-10, TGF-β1, TIMP2 and Vaspin contents, and positively correlated with NSE, VILIP-1, ET-1, IL-6, CXCL12, VCAM-1, P-selectin, ox-LDL, CatS, ICTP and VEGF contents.Conclusion: The changes of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD28-T cells in peripheral blood of patients with stroke can aggravate the neuron damage and promote the inflammatory response activation and plaque stability decline.

Natural course of chronic hepatitis B is characterized by changing patterns of programmed death type-1 of CD8-positive T cells

AIM:To investigate if and how programmed death type-1(PD-1)expression affects the natural course of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection. METHODS:Sixty-four patients in different natural stages of chronic HBV infection were enrolled in this study.PD-1 expression in total T cells was detected by flow cytometry.Levels of total CD8+T cell responses and proliferation in relation to PD-1 expression levels were analyzed with intracellular staining and PD-1/ PD-L1 blockage. RESULTS:The PD-1 expression in T cells was dynamically changed during the natural course of chronic HBV infection,did not significantly increase in the immune tolerance phase,and returned to normal in the inactive virus carrier stage.Blockage of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway could not affect the T-cell response in the immune tolerance and inactive virus carrier stages of chronic HBV infection.However,it could significantly restore the T-cell response in the immune clearance stage of chronic HBV infection.Furthermore,the PD-1 expression level in T cells was associated with the alanine aminotransferase level during the immune clearance stage of chronic HBV infection. CONCLUSION:The PD-l/PD-L1 pathway plays a different role in T-cell response during the natural course of chronic HBV infection.

Super-resolution immunohistochemistry study on CD4 and CD8 cells and the relation to macrophages in human cochlea

Recently, the human cochlea has been shown to contain numerous resident macrophages under steady-state. The macrophages accumulate in the stria vascularis, among the auditory nerves, and are also spotted in the human organ of Corti. These macrophages may process antigens reaching the cochlea by invasion of pathogens and insertion of CI electrode. Thus, macrophages execute an innate, and possibly an adaptive immunity. Here, we describe the molecular markers CD4 and CD8 of T cells, macrophage markers MHCⅡ and CD11b, as well as the microglial markers TEME119 and P2Y12, in the human cochlea. Immunohistochemistry and the advantageous super-resolution structured illumination microscopy(SR-SIM) were used in the study. CD4^+ and CD8^+ cells were found in the human cochleae. They were seen in the modiolus in a substantial number adjacent to the vessels, in the peripheral region of the Rosenthal's canal, and occasionally in the spiral ligament. While there are a surprisingly large number of macrophages in the stria vascularis as well as between the auditory neurons,CD4^+ and CD8^+ cells are hardly seen in these areas, and neither are seen in the organ of Corti. In the modiolus,macrophages, CD4^+ and CD8^+ cells appeared often in clusters. Interaction between these different cells was easily observed with SR-SIM, showing closely placed cell bodies, and the processes from macrophages reaching out and touching the lymphocytes. Otherwise the CD4^+ and CD8^+ cells in human cochlear tissue are discretely scattered. The possible roles of these immune cells are speculated.

Glutamine deprivation impairs function of infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing mitochondrial damage and apoptosis

BACKGROUND The functions of infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells are often impaired due to tumor cells causing nutrient deprivation in the tumor microenvironment.Thus,the mechanisms of CD8^(+)T cell dysfunction have become a hot research topic,and there is increased interest on how changes in metabolomics correlate with CD8^(+)T cell dysfunction.AIM To investigate whether and how glutamine metabolism affects the function of infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence were performed on surgically resected liver tissues from patients.Differentially expressed genes in infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma were detected using RNA sequencing.Activated CD8^(+)T cells were co-cultured with Huh-7 cells for 3 d.The function and mitochondrial status of CD8^(+)T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,and transmission electron microscopy.Next,CD8^(+)T cells were treated with the mitochondrial protective and damaging agents.Functional alterations in CD8^(+)T cells were detected by flow cytometry.Then,complete medium without glutamine was used to culture cells and their functional changes and mitochondrial status were detected.RESULTS There were a large number of infiltrating PD-1+CD8^(+)T cells in liver cancer tissues.Next,we cocultured CD8^(+)T cells and Huh-7 cells to explore the regulatory effect of hepatoma cells on CD8^(+)T cells.Flow cytometry results revealed increased PD-1 expression and decreased secretion of perforin(PRF1)and granzyme B(GZMB)by CD8^(+)T cells in the co-culture group.Meanwhile,JC-1 staining was decreased and the levels of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis were increased in CD8^(+)T cells of the co-culture group;additionally,the mitochondria of these cells were swollen.When CD8^(+)T cells were treated with the mitochondrial protective and damaging agents,their function was restored and inhibited,respectively,through the mitochondrial damage and apoptotic pathways.Subsequently,complete medium without glutamine was used to culture cells.As expected,CD8^(+)T cells showed functional downregulation,mitochondrial damage,and apoptosis.CONCLUSION Glutamine deprivation impairs the function of infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma through the mitochondrial damage and apoptotic pathways.

慢性再生障碍性贫血CD8^+T细胞CD28表达与中医辨证分型关系的探讨

目的探讨慢性再生障碍性贫血 (chronicaplasticanemia ,CAA)患者外周血CD8+T细胞CD2 8分子的表达与中医辨证分型的关系。方法采用流式细胞仪技术 ,测定门诊和住院CAA患者 4 5例、健康对照人群 2 4名的外周血CD8+T细胞CD2 8分子的表达水平 ,从免疫学角度讨论其与中医分型关系。结果(1)CAA患者的CD8、CD2 8、CD8+CD2 8+表达水平及CD8+CD2 8+/CD8+CD2 8- 均高于健康对照组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )CAA肾阴虚患者CD2 8、CD8+CD2 8+表达水平及CD8+CD2 8+/CD8+CD2 8- 均高于肾阳虚患者 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 )。结论 (1)CAA患者外周血共刺激分子CD2 8异常高表达 ,提示CD2 8失调可能在CAA免疫发病中起重要作用。 (2 )CAA患者外周血CD2 8、CD8+CD2 8+的表达水平及CD8+CD2 8+/CD8+CD2 8- 可以作为CAA辨证分型的参考指标 ,肾阴虚患者的免疫紊乱较肾阳虚患者严重。

Neutrophils inhibit CD8^(+)T cells immune response by arginase-1 signaling in patients with sepsis

BACKGROUND:Patients with sepsis often exhibit an acute inflammatory response,followed by an immunosuppressive phase with a poor immune response.However,the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.METHODS:We sought to comprehensively characterize the transcriptional changes in neutrophils of patients with sepsis by transcriptome sequencing.Additionally,we conducted a series of experiments,including real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and flow cytometry to investigate the role of arginase-1 signaling in sepsis.RESULTS:Through the analysis of gene expression profiles,we identified that the negative regulation of T cell activation signaling was enriched,and the expression of arginase-1 was high in neutrophils from patients with sepsis.Furthermore,we conducted flow cytometry and found that the function of CD8^(+)T cells in septic patients was impaired.Moreover,neutrophils from septic patients inhibited the percentage of polyfunctional effector CD8^(+)T cells through arginase-1.Additionally,the proportions of granzyme B^(+)IFN^(-)γ^(+)CD8^(+)T and TNF^(-)α^(+)IFN^(-)γ^(+)CD8^(+)T cells increased after inhibition of arginase-1 signaling.CONCLUSION:The impaired effector function of CD8^(+)T cells could be restored by blocking arginase-1 signaling in patients with sepsis.

人外周血CD8^+T细胞CD28、CD56及CD57表达水平的老年性改变

目的 :通过对健康老年人与青年人外周血CD8+T细胞CD2 8、CD5 6及CD5 7表达水平的比较性研究 ,探讨免疫衰老的细胞学机制。方法 :采用三色免疫荧光标记流式细胞术分析青年组 ( 2 0 - 35岁 )与老年组 ( 6 0 - 75岁 )外周血CD8+CD2 8+、CD8+CD5 6 +及CD8+CD5 7+T细胞水平。结果 :老年组外周血CD8+CD2 8+T细胞明显低于青年组 ,阳性百分率分别为 34 0 7± 5 2 9和 49 84± 7 43(P <0 0 5 ) ;而老年组CD8+CD5 6 +T细胞及CD8+CD5 7+T细胞均明显高于青年组 ,前者阳性百分率分别为 6 6 0± 2 40和 2 10± 0 35 ,后者阳性百分率分别为 41 82± 6 0 1和2 2 89± 2 80 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :老年人CD8+T细胞CD2 8、CD5 6及CD5 7的表达率均随年龄增长有明显改变 ;CD2 8表达下降可能是引起免疫系统功能降低的重要原因 ,而CD5 6、CD5 7表达水平的增加则可能是机体对细胞免疫功能下降的一种代偿性适应。

骨髓间充质干细胞通过上调CD8^+CD28^-T细胞抑制T细胞的增殖

本研究旨在探讨CD8+ CD2 8- T细胞在间充质干细胞 (MSC)抑制T细胞增殖中的作用。应用尼龙毛柱分离T淋巴细胞 ,再经CD8磁珠分选出CD8+ T淋巴细胞 ;用植物血凝素 (PHA)刺激与或未与MSC共培养 3天的CD8+ T细胞 ,应用MTT法测定T细胞的增殖 ;应用流式细胞术分别检测与或未与MSC共培养 8天的CD8+ T细胞亚群的变化及用PHA刺激与或未与MSC共培养 3天的CD8+ T细胞亚群的变化。结果表明 ,MSC抑制PHA刺激引起的CD8+ T细胞的增殖 ,且这种抑制作用是剂量依赖性的 ;流式细胞术结果显示 ,与未经MSC处理的CD8+ T细胞相比 ,MSC显著上调共培养 8天的CD8+ T细胞中的CD8+ CD2 8- 亚群 ,及经PHA作用 72小时后的CD8+ T细胞中的CD8+ CD2 8- 亚群。结论 :MSC通过上调CD8+ CD2 8- T细胞发挥抑制作用。

CD_8^+CD_(28)^-调节性T细胞在上呼吸道感染后长期咳嗽发病机制的作用

目的探索CD+8CD-28调节性T细胞在上呼吸道感染(URI)后长期咳嗽发病中的作用。方法将62例长期咳嗽患者分为轻中重3组,分别检测肺功能、外周血及痰液中嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)比例和CD+8CD-28T细胞含量及其细胞因子表达;同期选取22例健康体检者作为对照组。结果长期咳嗽患者肺功能呈不同程度受损,以重度咳嗽者明显。长期咳嗽患者的外周血及痰液中EOS比例、CD+8CD-28T细胞含量均显著高于健康对照组;其中重度咳嗽组EOS比例、CD+8CD-28T细胞含量显著高于轻、中度咳嗽组[EOS比例:外周血(4.86±2.79)%比(3.81±2.16)%、(4.32±2.27)%,痰液(19.38±7.89)%比(9.29±4.92)%、(13.21±5.86)%;CD+8CD-28T细胞含量:外周血(21.92±5.91)%比(12.98±4.74)%、(16.27±5.01)%,痰液(9.02±3.26)%比(3.84±1.06)%、(5.92±2.17)%,均P<0.05]。长期咳嗽患者CD+8CD-28T细胞上清液中细胞因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、叉头翼状螺旋转录因子(Foxp3)的mRNA表达均明显高于健康对照组,且随培养时间延长呈逐渐升高趋势,其中仍以重度咳嗽组最高。肺功能、EOS、CD+8CD-28T细胞及其细胞因子间均呈显著相关性。结论继发于URI的长期咳嗽患者存在气道高反应性,CD+8CD-28T细胞及其细胞因子可能参与该过程。

CD8^+CD28^-Ts、CD3^+CD56+NKT细胞在B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者外周血中分布的分析

背景及目的:目前认为B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤(B-NHL)常伴随免疫抑制,CD8+CD28-Ts(Ts)细胞和CD3+CD56+NKT(NKT)是新鉴定的新型免疫抑制性调节细胞,在肿瘤的免疫抑制及免疫逃逸机制中起重要作用,但它们在B细胞淋巴瘤患者外周血的分布情况及其免疫抑制中的作用目前尚不清楚。本文通过分析两者在化疗前及化疗后B-NHL患者外周血中比例及变化规律,初步探讨它们在B-NHL的免疫抑制作用及其影响因素,为有效干预患者的免疫功能提供参考。方法:应用流式细胞仪检测79例治疗前的B-NHL患者、经4～6周期化疗后完全缓解(CR)的18例患者、30例健康志愿者外周静脉血中NKT及Ts细胞的比例。结果:在79例治疗前B-NHL患者的外周血中,Ts细胞比例为(18.19±5.03)%,较正常对照组(11.20±3.49)%明显增高(P<0.01);NKT的比例为(6.08±3.29)%,亦较正常对照组的(3.52±1.56)%明显增高(P<0.01)。Ts在不同临床分期的患者之间无显著性差异P>0.05;Ⅰ期为(17.56±4.10)%、Ⅱ期为(18.05±5.64)%、Ⅲ期为(18.14±5.58)%、Ⅳ期为(18.95±4.64)%;在不同恶性程度的患者之间亦无显著性差异P>0.05;低度恶性为(17.81±5.24)%、中度恶性为(18.37±4.83)%、高度恶性为(18.31±5.93)%;在治疗前(18.64±4.55)%和CR后(19.42±4.95)

The Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cells Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy

In the tumor immune microenvironment, CD8+ T cells differentiate towards functional failure. The exhaustion of CD8+ T cells (Tex) showed varying degrees of effect dysfunction, loss of proliferation ability, and sustained high expression of a variety of inhibitory receptors, with metabolic and epigenetic changes. Tex cells are heterogeneous, including several subsets with different characteristics at different stages of differentiation. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can restore the effect or function of Tex cells, indicating that this T cell subset plays a key role in tumor immunotherapy. The understanding of the mechanism of CD8+ T cell exhaustion will be helpful to the implementation of tumor immunotherapy. This article reviews the production, differentiation and functional characteristics of Tex cells and their relationship with tumor immunotherapy.

颅内动脉瘤破裂与CD8^+CD28^-调节性T细胞的关系

目的探讨CD8+CD28-调节性T细胞在颅内动脉瘤发生破裂中所起的作用。方法收集确诊未破裂动脉瘤患者20例,破裂者17例,采用流式细胞术检测其外周血CD8+CD28-调节性T细胞的百分含量;并选择16例正常人及12例脑胶质瘤患者作为对照。对未破裂的患者进行为期2年随访,观察CD8+CD28-T细胞的变化情况。结果健康对照组的CD8+CD28-T细胞含量为27.82%±3.59%,胶质瘤患者的含量为23.71%±8.21%,未破裂动脉瘤患者为13.87%±4.17%,而破裂者为6.93%±2.08%。破裂患者的CD8+CD28-T细胞水平显著低于未破裂者(t=-1.865,P=0.041),且两组动脉瘤患者均低于正常人(均为P<0.01),但胶质瘤患者与正常人与无统计学差异(P=0.117);经过2年随访,共有5例患者失访,在余下的15例患者当中有3例发生破裂(分别在第16、18及22个月发生破裂),此3例患者第1年末的CD8+CD28-T细胞含量已明显低于随访前(P<0.05),且发生破裂后该细胞的含量显著低于第一年末(P<0.05)。结论 CD8+CD28-调节性T细胞减少可能与动脉瘤发生破裂相关。