Bézier curves with shape parameter

In this paper, Bézier basis with shape parameter is constructed by an integral approach. Based on this basis, we define the Bézier curves with shape parameter. The Bézier basis curves with shape parameter have most properties of Bernstein basis and the Bézier curves. Moreover the shape parameter can adjust the curves’ shape with the same control polygon. As the increase of the shape parameter, the Bézier curves with shape parameter approximate to the control polygon. In the last, the Bézier surface with shape parameter is also constructed and it has most properties of Bézier surface.

A Novel Contour Tracing Algorithm for Object Shape Reconstruction Using Parametric Curves

Parametric curves such as Bézier and B-splines, originally developedfor the design of automobile bodies, are now also used in image processing andcomputer vision. For example, reconstructing an object shape in an image,including different translations, scales, and orientations, can be performedusing these parametric curves. For this, Bézier and B-spline curves can be generatedusing a point set that belongs to the outer boundary of the object. Theresulting object shape can be used in computer vision fields, such as searchingand segmentation methods and training machine learning algorithms. Theprerequisite for reconstructing the shape with parametric curves is to obtainsequentially the points in the point set. In this study, a novel algorithm hasbeen developed that sequentially obtains the pixel locations constituting theouter boundary of the object. The proposed algorithm, unlike the methods inthe literature, is implemented using a filter containing weights and an outercircle surrounding the object. In a binary format image, the starting point ofthe tracing is determined using the outer circle, and the next tracing movementand the pixel to be labeled as the boundary point is found by the filter weights.Then, control points that define the curve shape are selected by reducing thenumber of sequential points. Thus, the Bézier and B-spline curve equationsdescribing the shape are obtained using these points. In addition, differenttranslations, scales, and rotations of the object shape are easily provided bychanging the positions of the control points. It has also been shown that themissing part of the object can be completed thanks to the parametric curves.

A synthetic aperture radar sea surface distribution estimation by n-order Bézier curve and its application in ship detection

To dates,most ship detection approaches for single-pol synthetic aperture radar（SAR） imagery try to ensure a constant false-alarm rate（CFAR）.A high performance ship detector relies on two key components：an accurate estimation to a sea surface distribution and a fine designed CFAR algorithm.First,a novel nonparametric sea surface distribution estimation method is developed based on n-order Bézier curve.To estimate the sea surface distribution using n-order Bézier curve,an explicit analytical solution is derived based on a least square optimization,and the optimal selection also is presented to two essential parameters,the order n of Bézier curve and the number m of sample points.Next,to validate the ship detection performance of the estimated sea surface distribution,the estimated sea surface distribution by n-order Bézier curve is combined with a cell averaging CFAR（CA-CFAR）.To eliminate the possible interfering ship targets in background window,an improved automatic censoring method is applied.Comprehensive experiments prove that in terms of sea surface estimation performance,the proposed method is as good as a traditional nonparametric Parzen window kernel method,and in most cases,outperforms two widely used parametric methods,K and G0 models.In terms of computation speed,a major advantage of the proposed estimation method is the time consuming only depended on the number m of sample points while independent of imagery size,which makes it can achieve a significant speed improvement to the Parzen window kernel method,and in some cases,it is even faster than two parametric methods.In terms of ship detection performance,the experiments show that the ship detector which constructed by the proposed sea surface distribution model and the given CA-CFAR algorithm has wide adaptability to different SAR sensors,resolutions and sea surface homogeneities and obtains a leading performance on the test dataset.

Rational offset approximation of rational Bézier curves

The problem of parametric speed approximation of a rational curve is raised in this paper. Offset curves are widely used in various applications. As for the reason that in most cases the offset curves do not preserve the same polynomial or rational polynomial representations, it arouses difficulty in applications. Thus approximation methods have been introduced to solve this problem. In this paper, it has been pointed out that the crux of offset curve approximation lies in the approximation of parametric speed. Based on the Jacobi polynomial approximation theory with endpoints interpolation, an algebraic rational approximation algorithm of offset curve, which preserves the direction of normal, is presented.

Improvement of the termination criterion for subdivision of the rational Bézier curves

By using some elementary inequalities, authors in this paper makes further improvement for estimating the heights of Bézier curve and rational Bézier curve. And the termination criterion for subdivision of the rational Bézier curve is also improved. The conclusion of the extreme value problem is thus further confirmed.

Multi-Degree Reduction of Bézier Curves with Distance and Energy Optimization

In this paper, we propose a new approach to the problem of degree reduction of Bézier curves based on the given endpoint constraints. A differential term is added for the purpose of controlling the smoothness to a certain extent. Considering the adjustment of second derivative in curve design, a modified objective function including two parts is constructed here. One part is a kind of measure of the distance between original high order Bézier curve and degree-reduced curve. The other part represents the second derivative of degree-reduced curve. We tackle two kinds of conditions which are position vector constraint and tangent vector constraint respectively. The explicit representations of unknown points are presented. Some examples are illustrated to show the influence of the differential terms to approximation and smoothness effect.

Unifying representation of Bézier curve and two kinds of generalized ball curves

This paper presents a new basis, the WSB basis, which unifies the Bemstein basis, Wang-Ball basis and Said-Ball basis, and therefore the Bézier curve, Wang-Ball curve and Said-Ball curve are the special cases of the WSB curve based on the WSB basis In addition, the relative degree elevation formula, recursive algorithm and conversion formula between the WSB basis and the Bern- stein basis are given.

Sine Transformation and the Reparametrization of Bézier Curves

A solution to the reparametrization of Bézier curves by sine transformation of Bemstein basis is presented. The new effective reparametrization method is given through the following procedures： educing Sine Bemstein-Bézier Class-SBBC function, defining SBBC curve and discussing the relation between SBBC and Bézier curve.

PH-spline approximation for Bézier curve and rendering offset

In this paper, a G1, C1, C2 PH-spline is employed as an approximation for a given Bzier curve within error bound and further renders offset which can be regarded as an approximate offset to the Bzier curve. The errors between PH-spline and the Bzier curve, the offset to PH-spline and the offset to the given Bzier curve are also estimated. A new algorithm for constructing offset to the Bzier curve is proposed.

A class of quasi Bézier curves based on hyperbolic polynomials

This paper presents a basis for the space of hyperbolic polynomials Гm=span { 1, sht, cht, sh2t, ch2t shmt, chmt} on the interval [0,a] from an extended Tchebyshev system, which is analogous to the Bernstein basis for the space of polynomial used as a kind of well-known tool for free-form curves and surfaces in Computer Aided Geometry Design. Then from this basis, we construct quasi Bézier curves and discuss some of their properties. At last, we give an example and extend the range of the parameter variable t to arbitrary close interval [r, s] （r〈s）.

Shape modification of Bézier curves by constrained optimization

The Bézier curve is one of the most commonly used parametric curves in CAGD and Computer Graphics and has many good properties for shape design. Developing more convenient techniques for designing and modifying Bézier curve is an im- portant problem, and is also an important research issue in CAD/CAM and NC technology fields. This work investigates the optimal shape modification of Bézier curves by geometric constraints. This paper presents a new method by constrained optimi- zation based on changing the control points of the curves. By this method, the authors modify control points of the original Bézier curves to satisfy the given constraints and modify the shape of the curves optimally. Practical examples are also given.

A New Fractional Rational Bézier Curve

Based on rational Bézier curves given by Ron Goldman, a new fractional rational Bézier curve was first defined in terms of fractional Bernstein bases. Moreover, some basic properties were dicussed and a theorem connected to Poisson curves was obtained. Some examples in this paper were given by the visual results.

An optimization method for rational Bézier curve design

Adjusting weights as a shape control tool in rational B6zier curve design is not easy because the weights have a global in- fluence. The curve could not approximate control polygon satisfactorily by an interactive manner. In order to produce a curve close enough to control polygon at every control vertex, an optimization model is established to minimize the distance between rational B6zier curve and its control points. This optimization problem is converted to a quadratic programming problem by separating and recombining the objective function. The new combined multi-objective optimization problem is reasonable and easy to solve. With an optimal parameter, the computing process is discussed. Comparative examples show that the designed curve is closer to control polygon and preserves the shape of the control polygon well.

COMPUTING AREAS BOUNDED BYRATIONAL BEZIER CURVES

An approach is presented for computing integral values, such as areas and volumes of revo-lution . of regions bounded by rational plane B zier curves. The method approximates rational curveswith polynomial curves, and then computes the integral values on those polynomial curves. Errorbounds are provided. For high precision, this new algorithm performs much more quickly than con-ventional numerical methods.

CE-Bézier可展曲面的设计与形状调整

为了解决工程中可展曲面位置与形状难以调整和控制的问题,基于3D射影空间中点和平面间的对偶性这一重要思想,提出了2种直接、简单有效的可展曲面设计新方法.首先,构造了一组含有2个形状参数α、γ的三次多项式调配函数,并定义了一种带2个形状控制参数的CE-Bézier曲线族,然后利用这种带参数的CE-Bézier调配函数生成了具有CE-Bézier基的控制平面,并由该控制平面来进行可展曲面的设计,同时给出了在CE-Bézier基函数下可展曲面的参数表示形式.由新方法生成的可展曲面不仅具有灵活的局部形状可调性和更强的描述能力,而且保留了Bézier曲面的特性,特别是当α、γ都取值为1时,所生成的可展曲面即为Bézier可展曲面.2种可展曲面设计方法的应用实例表明,该设计方法不仅简单、有效,而且易于控制曲面形状,从而为可展曲面的设计提供了一种新途径.

CE-Bézier曲线曲面光滑拼接的研究

CE-Bézier曲线是三次Bézier曲线的一种新扩展,它不仅具有与三次Bézier曲线类似的性质,而且具有优良的形状可调性和更好的逼近性.文中在对其端点性质和形状参数分析的基础上,给出了第一类CE-Bézier曲线间G1、G2拼接的充要条件;同时分析了两张CE-Bézier曲面片间G1拼接的几何条件,并给出了几何造型的实例.实例表明,CE-Bézier曲线曲面的拼接技术可广泛地应用于工程曲线曲面的造型中.

CE-Bézier曲面光滑拼接的研究与实现

针对CE-Bézier曲面造型中复杂曲面难以用单一曲面来表示的问题,通过分析CE-Bézier曲线的唯一性,提出了一种新的CE-Bézier曲面的光滑拼接技术。首先,在分析第1类CE-Bézier曲线基函数及其端点性质的基础上,对第1类CE-Bézier曲线的唯一性进行了研究,得出了对于同一条第1类CE-Bézier曲线可以有很多组不相同的控制顶点和形状参数与之对应的结论;其次,利用该结论进一步给出了两相邻第1类CE-Bézier曲面片间G1光滑拼接的一般几何条件,并通过合理地选取形状参数,进一步简化了该曲面的G1拼接条件;最后,给出了第1类CE-Bézier曲面光滑拼接的几何造型实例。实例结果表明,该方法简单、直观、易实现,有效地增强了CE-Bézier方法表达复杂曲线曲面的能力,可广泛地应用于工程复杂曲面的造型系统中。

基于CE-Bézier曲面的拖拉机造型设计

【目的】用多张含有形状参数的CE-Bézier曲面光滑拼接进行拖拉机造型曲面的表示,解决拖拉机造型设计中复杂曲面无法用单一曲面进行描述的问题。【方法】构建多张CE-Bézier曲面,对这些曲面进行光滑拼接,并在调整各曲面公共边界的位置及其形状参数的情况下,形成不同的拖拉机造型方案。【结果】快速得到多个拖拉机机身造型方案。【结论】该方法高效、易于操作,具有良好的应用前景。

CE-Bézier与H-Bézier曲线的光滑拼接及应用

CE-Bézier曲线作为一种重要的带多形状参数的三次扩展Bézier曲线,不仅具有与三次Bézier曲线类似的性质,而且具有优良的形状可调性和更好的逼近性。为了进一步发展CE-Bézier曲线的相关理论,针对CE-Bézier曲线无法精确表示指数曲线、悬链线等超越曲线的缺点,利用CE-Bézier曲线与H-Bézier曲线间的拼接技术,来处理CE-Bézier曲线造型中指数曲线、悬链线等超越曲线的表示问题。最后,给出了具体的数值实验;造型实例表明,该方法在计算机辅助几何设计中具有一定的应用价值。

一种快速生成CE-Bézier旋转曲面的新方法

为了解决工程旋转曲面形状难以调节和控制的问题,提出了一种带两个形状参数的新型旋转曲面—CE-Bézier旋转曲面。基于超限向量值有理插值函数,结合含有两个形状参数的三次多项式基函数进行旋转曲面的设计,该方法生成的CE-Bézier旋转曲面不仅具有灵活的局部形状可调性,而且保留了Bézier曲面的特性。本研究给出了具体的数值实例,结果表明本研究的设计方法不仅简便、有效,而且易于控制旋转曲面的形状,从而可以广泛地应用于各种CAD/CAM曲线曲面造型系统中。