Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this disorder.DM impacts multiple organs and af...Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this disorder.DM impacts multiple organs and affects all components of the central and peripheral nervous systems that can range from dementia to diabetic neuropathy.The mechanistic target of rapamycin（m TOR） is a promising agent for the development of novel regenerative strategies for the treatment of DM.m TOR and its related signaling pathways impact multiple metabolic parameters that include cellular metabolic homeostasis,insulin resistance,insulin secretion,stem cell proliferation and differentiation,pancreatic β-cell function,and programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy.m TOR is central element for the protein complexes m TOR Complex 1（m TORC1） and m TOR Complex 2（m TORC2） and is a critical component for a number of signaling pathways that involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI 3-K）,protein kinase B（Akt）,AMP activated protein kinase（AMPK）,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（SIRT1）,Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1（WISP1）,and growth factors.As a result,m TOR represents an exciting target to offer new clinical avenues for the treatment of DM and the complications of this disease.Future studies directed to elucidate the delicate balance m TOR holds over cellular metabolism and the impact of its broad signaling pathways should foster the translation of these targets into effective clinical regimens for DM.展开更多
Introduced the characteristics of series communicat io n I 2C bus and basic communication protocol, and introduced the application of the bus I 2C according to the image sensor OV7610.The computer correspondence s tyl...Introduced the characteristics of series communicat io n I 2C bus and basic communication protocol, and introduced the application of the bus I 2C according to the image sensor OV7610.The computer correspondence s tyle can be divided the parallel correspondence and the series correspondence. T he rate of series correspondence is rapid, and the property of real time is exce llent. Because the number of ports which it takes is great, it is not proper to miniaturize. Whereas the rate of series correspondence is low, but when the corr espondence of data is not great, it is simpleconvenient and agile to dispose t he circuit. Commonly series correspondence divide synchronization correspondence and asynchronies correspondence. The standard of interface RC232 is series asyn chronies correspondence. Recently the standard of bus I 2C is adopted widely in the micro-electronics correspondence realm, it is a special form of synchr onization correspondence. I 2C bus is a two-cabledouble-direction series co rrespondence bus. The address of the machine is set in hardware, and software pe rform the search of the address instead of hardware. So it reduce the number of the corresponding cable, moreover it predigest the design of the hardware. It resolve many interface problems in design of numeric circuit. More and more se miconductor manufacturer accept the standard. Its characteristics can be listed as followed. In text, the image sensor OV7610 is introduced as the example the bus I 2C appl ication.展开更多
基金supported by American Diabetes Association,American Heart Association,NIH NIEHS,NIH NIA,NIH NINDS,and NIH ARRA
文摘Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this disorder.DM impacts multiple organs and affects all components of the central and peripheral nervous systems that can range from dementia to diabetic neuropathy.The mechanistic target of rapamycin（m TOR） is a promising agent for the development of novel regenerative strategies for the treatment of DM.m TOR and its related signaling pathways impact multiple metabolic parameters that include cellular metabolic homeostasis,insulin resistance,insulin secretion,stem cell proliferation and differentiation,pancreatic β-cell function,and programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy.m TOR is central element for the protein complexes m TOR Complex 1（m TORC1） and m TOR Complex 2（m TORC2） and is a critical component for a number of signaling pathways that involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI 3-K）,protein kinase B（Akt）,AMP activated protein kinase（AMPK）,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（SIRT1）,Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1（WISP1）,and growth factors.As a result,m TOR represents an exciting target to offer new clinical avenues for the treatment of DM and the complications of this disease.Future studies directed to elucidate the delicate balance m TOR holds over cellular metabolism and the impact of its broad signaling pathways should foster the translation of these targets into effective clinical regimens for DM.
文摘Introduced the characteristics of series communicat io n I 2C bus and basic communication protocol, and introduced the application of the bus I 2C according to the image sensor OV7610.The computer correspondence s tyle can be divided the parallel correspondence and the series correspondence. T he rate of series correspondence is rapid, and the property of real time is exce llent. Because the number of ports which it takes is great, it is not proper to miniaturize. Whereas the rate of series correspondence is low, but when the corr espondence of data is not great, it is simpleconvenient and agile to dispose t he circuit. Commonly series correspondence divide synchronization correspondence and asynchronies correspondence. The standard of interface RC232 is series asyn chronies correspondence. Recently the standard of bus I 2C is adopted widely in the micro-electronics correspondence realm, it is a special form of synchr onization correspondence. I 2C bus is a two-cabledouble-direction series co rrespondence bus. The address of the machine is set in hardware, and software pe rform the search of the address instead of hardware. So it reduce the number of the corresponding cable, moreover it predigest the design of the hardware. It resolve many interface problems in design of numeric circuit. More and more se miconductor manufacturer accept the standard. Its characteristics can be listed as followed. In text, the image sensor OV7610 is introduced as the example the bus I 2C appl ication.
