In order to develop large CFB boilers with independent intellectual property, Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute (TPRI) established a laboratory with complete functions for the technical development of CFB boi...In order to develop large CFB boilers with independent intellectual property, Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute (TPRI) established a laboratory with complete functions for the technical development of CFB boilers. This laboratory consists of a 1-MW and a 4-MW CFB combustion test facilities and a laboratory for limestone desulphurization performance evaluation. It carried out tests on CFB combustion and desulphurization for Chinese typical coals and limestone and research on heat-transfer characteristics and key parts, and developed the first home-made 100-MW CFB boiler. Based on the experience of R&D, the laboratory further researched key techniques for enlarging capacity systematically, and cooperating with Harbin Boiler Co. (HBC), developed the first domestic 210-MW CFB boiler with independent intellectual property and put it into engineering demonstration, laying a solid foundation for the development of CFB boilers of even larger capacity.展开更多
CFB boilers have been widely used in China in recent years with their perfect performances in coal adaptability, load variation capability and lower pollutant emission. The No.3 135-MW CFB unit in Lianzhou Power Plant...CFB boilers have been widely used in China in recent years with their perfect performances in coal adaptability, load variation capability and lower pollutant emission. The No.3 135-MW CFB unit in Lianzhou Power Plant is the f irst 440-t/h series CFB unit in Guangdong Province. It f inished 72-hour trial operation in Feb. 2004 and was transferred to trial operation. During the trial operation and the next commercial operation, there were some problems happened in the boiler slag discharging system, seriously affecting the safe and reliable operation and the loading capability. After innovation, these problems have been completely solved. Hopefully the solutions may be used for reference to the units with similar problems.展开更多
Coal-fired plants are under pressure to reduce their carbon-intensity. Available options include co-firing CO2-neutral biomass, oxy-fuel-combustion as part of a carbon capture process or a combination of both to give...Coal-fired plants are under pressure to reduce their carbon-intensity. Available options include co-firing CO2-neutral biomass, oxy-fuel-combustion as part of a carbon capture process or a combination of both to give a “CO2-negative” power plant. BioCCS, the combination of CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) with sustainable biomass conversion, is the only large-scale technology that can achieve net negative emissions. Combining, developing and demonstrating the oxy-combustion of high ratios of sustainable biomass with coal in flexible circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler will bring significant advances in the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Areas addressed include possibilities for: biomass characterization;handling and feeding;co-firing ratios definition;CFB oxy-co-combustion studies;combustion performance;boiler flexibility in fuel and load;main emissions analysis;slaging, fouling and agglomeration;corrosion and erosion;and implications on plant operation and associated costs. The article will detail a comprehensive understanding on sustainable biomass supply, co-firing ratios and how direct biomass co-combustion under oxy-fuel conditions can be implemented. It seeks to push biomass co-combustion in future large-scale oxy-fuel CFB power stations to high thermal shares while enhancing the power plants’ operational flexibility, economic competitiveness and give operational procedures. There will be a need to consider the public acceptance of power production from coal and coal sustainability, by its combination with renewable sources of energy (biomass).展开更多
The ultra-low NOx emission requirement(50 mg/m^(3))brings great challenge to CFB boilers in China.To further tap the NOx abatement potential,full understanding the fundamentals behind CFB boilers is needed.To achieve ...The ultra-low NOx emission requirement(50 mg/m^(3))brings great challenge to CFB boilers in China.To further tap the NOx abatement potential,full understanding the fundamentals behind CFB boilers is needed.To achieve this,a comprehensive CPFD model is established and verified;gas-solid flow,combustion,and NOx emission behavior in an industrial CFB boiler are elaborated;influences of primary air volume and coal particle size on furnace performance are evaluated.Simulation results indicate that there exists a typical core-annular flow structure in the boiler furnace.Furnace temperature is highest in the bottom dense-phase zone(about 950℃)and decreases gradually along the furnace height.Oxygen-deficient combustion results in high CO concentration and strong reducing atmosphere in the lower furnace.NOx concentration gradually increases in the bottom furnace,reaches maximum at the elevation of secondary air inlet,and then decreases slightly in the upper furnace.Appropriate decreasing the primary air volume and coal particle size would increase the CO concentration and intensify the in-furnace reducing atmosphere,which favors for NOx reduction and low NOx emission from CFB boilers.展开更多
Coal slime can be disposed in quantity and fully utilized in a well-designed circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boiler,but the nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and sulphur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions generated in the combustion of coal...Coal slime can be disposed in quantity and fully utilized in a well-designed circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boiler,but the nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and sulphur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions generated in the combustion of coal slime have contributed to serious atmospheric pollution.High Temperature&Post-combustion Technology,a novel and high-efficient way to reduce the NO_(x)emission in the process of combustion,is applied to a 75 t/h CFB boiler burning exclusively coal slime,which will succeed to meet the ultra-low NO_(x)emission standard.To further explore an appropriate method to reduce the SO_(2)emission under the condition of new technology,the experiments were conducted on a 75 t/h CFB boiler with post-combustion chamber to study the influence of limestone addition on the combustion and emission characteristics of coal slime.The experimental results showed that High Temperature&Post-combustion Technology combined with the sorbent injection in the furnace is a very promising technology to control the NO_(x)and SO_(2)emissions simultaneously.Limestone addition can cause the slight decrease in combustion temperature.Limestone addition will lead to the increase in NO_(x)emission in the combustion of coal slime.In 75 t/h coal slime CFB boiler,the desulfurization efficiency of limestone injection in furnace is close to 98%,achieving the ultra-low SO_(2)emission.To meet the standard of ultra-low NO_(x)and SO_(2)emission,the two technologies for simultaneous removal of NO_(x)and SO_(2)emissions are economical and feasible currently:Removal of SO_(2)under ultra-low NO_(x)emission and Removal of NO_(x)under ultra-low SO_(2)emission.展开更多
In this paper,a numerical model was built by ANSYS FLUENT to investigate the heat transfer performances of supercritical water in a circumferential non-uniformly heated vertical tube.The Shear Stress Transport(SST)k-...In this paper,a numerical model was built by ANSYS FLUENT to investigate the heat transfer performances of supercritical water in a circumferential non-uniformly heated vertical tube.The Shear Stress Transport(SST)k-ωmodel was adopted for describing turbulence.The operating parameters are chosen according to a 660 MW ultra-supercritical CFB boiler.The heat transfer performances under different operating parameters,such as boiler load,flow direction and heat flux distribution are analyzed.The temperature and heat flux on inner wall varies along the circumference and show symmetric distributions.The overall heat transfer performances at each cross section are better than the local heat transfer performance of midpoint of heating side.Flow direction has a great influence on heat transfer performance;it changes the radial distribution of axial velocity and then affects the turbulence distribution.Therefore,upward flow condition shows a better heat transfer performance.Smaller heat flux improves both the overall and local heat transfer performances.Reducing the heat flux area is not conducive to the overall heat transfer,but does not affect the local heat transfer at the midpoint of heating side.Finally,a new correlation is fitted based on the simulated results of supercritical water heat transfer with circumferential non-uniform heat flux distributions.展开更多
A study of the heat transfer about the heating surface of three commercial 300 MWe CFB boilers was conducted in this work. The heat transfer coefficients of the platen heating surface, the external heat exchanger (EHE...A study of the heat transfer about the heating surface of three commercial 300 MWe CFB boilers was conducted in this work. The heat transfer coefficients of the platen heating surface, the external heat exchanger (EHE) and cyclone separator were calculated according to the relative operation data at different boiler loads. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient of the waterwall was calculated by heat balance of the hot circuit of the CFB boiler. With the boiler capacity increasing, the heat transfer coefficients of these heating surface increases, and the heat transfer coefficient of the water wall is higher than that of the platen heating surface. The heat transfer coefficient of the EHE is the highest in high boiler load, the heat transfer coefficient of the cyclone separator is the lowest. Because the fired coal is different from the design coal in No.1 boiler, the ash content of the fired coal is much lower than that of the design coal. The heat transfer coefficients which calculated with the operation data are lower than the previous design value and that is the reason why the bed temperature is rather high during the boiler operation in No.1 boiler.展开更多
文摘In order to develop large CFB boilers with independent intellectual property, Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute (TPRI) established a laboratory with complete functions for the technical development of CFB boilers. This laboratory consists of a 1-MW and a 4-MW CFB combustion test facilities and a laboratory for limestone desulphurization performance evaluation. It carried out tests on CFB combustion and desulphurization for Chinese typical coals and limestone and research on heat-transfer characteristics and key parts, and developed the first home-made 100-MW CFB boiler. Based on the experience of R&D, the laboratory further researched key techniques for enlarging capacity systematically, and cooperating with Harbin Boiler Co. (HBC), developed the first domestic 210-MW CFB boiler with independent intellectual property and put it into engineering demonstration, laying a solid foundation for the development of CFB boilers of even larger capacity.
文摘CFB boilers have been widely used in China in recent years with their perfect performances in coal adaptability, load variation capability and lower pollutant emission. The No.3 135-MW CFB unit in Lianzhou Power Plant is the f irst 440-t/h series CFB unit in Guangdong Province. It f inished 72-hour trial operation in Feb. 2004 and was transferred to trial operation. During the trial operation and the next commercial operation, there were some problems happened in the boiler slag discharging system, seriously affecting the safe and reliable operation and the loading capability. After innovation, these problems have been completely solved. Hopefully the solutions may be used for reference to the units with similar problems.
文摘Coal-fired plants are under pressure to reduce their carbon-intensity. Available options include co-firing CO2-neutral biomass, oxy-fuel-combustion as part of a carbon capture process or a combination of both to give a “CO2-negative” power plant. BioCCS, the combination of CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) with sustainable biomass conversion, is the only large-scale technology that can achieve net negative emissions. Combining, developing and demonstrating the oxy-combustion of high ratios of sustainable biomass with coal in flexible circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler will bring significant advances in the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Areas addressed include possibilities for: biomass characterization;handling and feeding;co-firing ratios definition;CFB oxy-co-combustion studies;combustion performance;boiler flexibility in fuel and load;main emissions analysis;slaging, fouling and agglomeration;corrosion and erosion;and implications on plant operation and associated costs. The article will detail a comprehensive understanding on sustainable biomass supply, co-firing ratios and how direct biomass co-combustion under oxy-fuel conditions can be implemented. It seeks to push biomass co-combustion in future large-scale oxy-fuel CFB power stations to high thermal shares while enhancing the power plants’ operational flexibility, economic competitiveness and give operational procedures. There will be a need to consider the public acceptance of power production from coal and coal sustainability, by its combination with renewable sources of energy (biomass).
基金The authors acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.22178095)。
文摘The ultra-low NOx emission requirement(50 mg/m^(3))brings great challenge to CFB boilers in China.To further tap the NOx abatement potential,full understanding the fundamentals behind CFB boilers is needed.To achieve this,a comprehensive CPFD model is established and verified;gas-solid flow,combustion,and NOx emission behavior in an industrial CFB boiler are elaborated;influences of primary air volume and coal particle size on furnace performance are evaluated.Simulation results indicate that there exists a typical core-annular flow structure in the boiler furnace.Furnace temperature is highest in the bottom dense-phase zone(about 950℃)and decreases gradually along the furnace height.Oxygen-deficient combustion results in high CO concentration and strong reducing atmosphere in the lower furnace.NOx concentration gradually increases in the bottom furnace,reaches maximum at the elevation of secondary air inlet,and then decreases slightly in the upper furnace.Appropriate decreasing the primary air volume and coal particle size would increase the CO concentration and intensify the in-furnace reducing atmosphere,which favors for NOx reduction and low NOx emission from CFB boilers.
基金financially supported by the"Transformational Technologies for Clean Energy and Demonstration",Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDA21040100。
文摘Coal slime can be disposed in quantity and fully utilized in a well-designed circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boiler,but the nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and sulphur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions generated in the combustion of coal slime have contributed to serious atmospheric pollution.High Temperature&Post-combustion Technology,a novel and high-efficient way to reduce the NO_(x)emission in the process of combustion,is applied to a 75 t/h CFB boiler burning exclusively coal slime,which will succeed to meet the ultra-low NO_(x)emission standard.To further explore an appropriate method to reduce the SO_(2)emission under the condition of new technology,the experiments were conducted on a 75 t/h CFB boiler with post-combustion chamber to study the influence of limestone addition on the combustion and emission characteristics of coal slime.The experimental results showed that High Temperature&Post-combustion Technology combined with the sorbent injection in the furnace is a very promising technology to control the NO_(x)and SO_(2)emissions simultaneously.Limestone addition can cause the slight decrease in combustion temperature.Limestone addition will lead to the increase in NO_(x)emission in the combustion of coal slime.In 75 t/h coal slime CFB boiler,the desulfurization efficiency of limestone injection in furnace is close to 98%,achieving the ultra-low SO_(2)emission.To meet the standard of ultra-low NO_(x)and SO_(2)emission,the two technologies for simultaneous removal of NO_(x)and SO_(2)emissions are economical and feasible currently:Removal of SO_(2)under ultra-low NO_(x)emission and Removal of NO_(x)under ultra-low SO_(2)emission.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2022YFB4100303)。
文摘In this paper,a numerical model was built by ANSYS FLUENT to investigate the heat transfer performances of supercritical water in a circumferential non-uniformly heated vertical tube.The Shear Stress Transport(SST)k-ωmodel was adopted for describing turbulence.The operating parameters are chosen according to a 660 MW ultra-supercritical CFB boiler.The heat transfer performances under different operating parameters,such as boiler load,flow direction and heat flux distribution are analyzed.The temperature and heat flux on inner wall varies along the circumference and show symmetric distributions.The overall heat transfer performances at each cross section are better than the local heat transfer performance of midpoint of heating side.Flow direction has a great influence on heat transfer performance;it changes the radial distribution of axial velocity and then affects the turbulence distribution.Therefore,upward flow condition shows a better heat transfer performance.Smaller heat flux improves both the overall and local heat transfer performances.Reducing the heat flux area is not conducive to the overall heat transfer,but does not affect the local heat transfer at the midpoint of heating side.Finally,a new correlation is fitted based on the simulated results of supercritical water heat transfer with circumferential non-uniform heat flux distributions.
基金support from Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No. XDA07030100Technology support program in the 11th Five-year Plan (2006BAA03B06)
文摘A study of the heat transfer about the heating surface of three commercial 300 MWe CFB boilers was conducted in this work. The heat transfer coefficients of the platen heating surface, the external heat exchanger (EHE) and cyclone separator were calculated according to the relative operation data at different boiler loads. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient of the waterwall was calculated by heat balance of the hot circuit of the CFB boiler. With the boiler capacity increasing, the heat transfer coefficients of these heating surface increases, and the heat transfer coefficient of the water wall is higher than that of the platen heating surface. The heat transfer coefficient of the EHE is the highest in high boiler load, the heat transfer coefficient of the cyclone separator is the lowest. Because the fired coal is different from the design coal in No.1 boiler, the ash content of the fired coal is much lower than that of the design coal. The heat transfer coefficients which calculated with the operation data are lower than the previous design value and that is the reason why the bed temperature is rather high during the boiler operation in No.1 boiler.
