The autophagy-lysosome pathway:a potential target in the chemical and gene therapeutic strategies for Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease with movement disorders associated with the intracytoplasmic deposition of aggregate proteins such asα-synuclein in neurons.As one of the major intracellular degradation pathways,the autophagy-lysosome pathway plays an important role in eliminating these proteins.Accumulating evidence has shown that upregulation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway may contribute to the clearance ofα-synuclein aggregates and protect against degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease.Moreover,multiple genes associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease are intimately linked to alterations in the autophagy-lysosome pathway.Thus,this pathway appears to be a promising therapeutic target for treatment of Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we briefly introduce the machinery of autophagy.Then,we provide a description of the effects of Parkinson’s disease–related genes on the autophagy-lysosome pathway.Finally,we highlight the potential chemical and genetic therapeutic strategies targeting the autophagy–lysosome pathway and their applications in Parkinson’s disease.

Two chemical mutagens modulate the seed germination,growth,and phenotypic characteristics of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)

Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook),a fast-growing and economically important timber tree species in China,is widely used in construction,furniture,and paper manufacture but has a long breeding cycle.Chemical mutagens,such as ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)and sodium azide(SA),are widely used in crops such as rice,wheat,cotton,soybean and sugarcane but their utility for tree breeding is unknown.In this study we examined the effects of EMS and S A on Chinese fir seed germination and growth.Chinese fir seeds were treated with the two chemical mutagens;were planted in Jiangle County,Fujian Province,China;and their heights were measured from 2011 to2017.The concentrations and durations of treatment with the two chemical mutagens were significantly associated with the Chinese fir seedling and mortality rates,as well as with the heights of trees from the seedling stage to 3 years old.We also generated 127 mutants with abnormal branches and reproductive growth.We report here the effects of two chemical mutagens on Chinese fir breeding;our data will contribute to knowledge of the utility of EMS and SA in forestry.

Reliability Based Analysis of Ground Improvement Using a Polymeric Chemical Stabilizer

In view of the challenges posed by the nature of expansive soil to structural stability which makes it necessary in some cases to improve the soils before structures can be placed on them, there is a need to investigate modern trends in ground improvement techniques in order to determine their reliability. This study is thus aimed at using the reliability based approach to analyze the use of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in combination with 1,2,3,4 Butane-tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) for ground improvement. This study is necessary given the challenges posed by the nature of expansive soil to structural stability which makes it necessary in some cases to improve the soils before structures can be placed on them. Simplex lattice design was employed to build the design of experiment before experimental investigations were carried out on the PVA-BTCA treated soft soils. Reliability indices were computed on the basis of the 28th day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the treated soil. Reliability index models were developed using the Scheffe’s technique and optimized using excel solver. From analysis of results, reliability model developed proved adequate at 5% level of significance. PVA-BTCA combination provided a potential reliability or probability of success of 99.936% at components combination of: 98.4256% for soil, 1.2352% for PVA, 0.3392% for BTCA and 15.9934% for water. It was therefore recommended that financial implications of using PVA-BTCA for stabilization be compared to those of conventional methods, in order to compare their performance-cost ratio.

化学水浴沉积制备高质量Zn(O,S)薄膜及其性能研究

为获得铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳电池中高质量Zn(O,S)无镉缓冲层薄膜,该研究阐述了柠檬酸三钠作为络合剂制备Zn(O,S)薄膜的成膜机理,系统性研究了该体系下各反应参数对薄膜化学水浴沉积的影响。研究表明,柠檬酸三钠的浓度值显著影响反应类型,异质反应更有利于生成高质量薄膜。同时,柠檬酸三钠与金属离子浓度的比值直接影响成膜质量和成膜速率,适合的pH溶液环境有助于提高Zn(O,S)薄膜沉积的质量。此外,通过工艺参数的优化,获得了电学性能接近传统CdS/CIGS太阳电池的Zn(O,S)/CIGS电池器件。

基于B/S架构的智慧化工园区管理系统设计与实现

目前大部分化工园区内部基础设施“感知”程度、数字化、网络化程度较低,整体的安全生产监管信息化水平不高,管理者对庞大的企业、人员、事务和物资管控不足。对此,设计了基于B/S架构的智慧化工园区管理系统,应用数字技术和网络化手段对传统化工园区进行改造和升级,建立园区和企业3D模型,融合物联网设备采集的数据信息,搭建园区数字孪生系统。提出平安指数算法规则,监测企业各项场景指标并对数据做风险评估,针对生产安全和指标异常问题,提出一套闭环的解决方案,实现化工园区安全的全方位管理。

表面接枝C—S—H的岩沥青对高温油井水泥石力学性能的影响

研究了表面接枝C—S—H的岩沥青对高温油井水泥石力学性能和微观结构的影响,采用压力试验机及XRD、TG、SEM和EDS对油井水泥石的力学性能和微观结构进行了测试和表征。研究结果表明,与纯水泥石相比,掺入1%未改性岩沥青的水泥石3 d抗压强度下降了2.98%,而掺入1%表面接枝C—S—H岩沥青的水泥石3 d抗压强度提高了4.26%。物相分析和热重实验表明,表面接枝C—S—H岩沥青的加入不会引起水化产物类型的变化,而掺量为3%表面接枝C—S—H的岩沥青水泥石养护3 d的失重量比纯水泥石高1.01%,说明表面接枝C—S—H的岩沥青可以促进水泥的水化。水泥石的微观形貌和元素分析表明,未改性岩沥青在180℃下热解导致沥青颗粒破碎,而接枝C—S—H的岩沥青表面形成的富Si层可以避免沥青颗粒因气孔而引起破碎,使得未改性岩沥青水泥石界面处的C元素含量较接枝C—S—H的岩沥青水泥石高29.14%,未改性岩沥青水泥石基体中C元素含量较接枝C—S—H的岩沥青水泥石高13.76%。

Recent advances in chemical adsorption and catalytic conversion materials for Li–S batteries

Owing to their low cost,high energy densities,and superior performance compared with that of Li-ion batteries,Li–S batteries have been recognized as very promising next-generation batteries.However,the commercialization of Li–S batteries has been hindered by the insulation of sulfur,significant volume expansion,shuttling of dissolved lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),and more importantly,sluggish conversion of polysulfide intermediates.To overcome these problems,a state-of-the-art strategy is to use sulfur host materials that feature chemical adsorption and electrocatalytic capabilities for Li PS species.In this review,we comprehensively illustrate the latest progress on the rational design and controllable fabrication of materials with chemical adsorbing and binding capabilities for Li PSs and electrocatalytic activities that allow them to accelerate the conversion of Li PSs for Li–S batteries.Moreover,the current essential challenges encountered when designing these materials are summarized,and possible solutions are proposed.We hope that this review could provide some strategies and theoretical guidance for developing novel chemical anchoring and electrocatalytic materials for high-performance Li–S batteries.

Effects of reclaimed water irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the chemical properties and microbial community of soil

The ecological effect of reclaimed water irrigation and fertilizer application on the soil environment is receiving more attention.Soil microbial activity and nitrogen（N）levels are important indicators of the effect of reclaimed water irrigation on environment.This study evaluated soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure in soils irrigated with reclaimed water and receiving varied amounts of N fertilizer.The results indicated that the reclaimed water irrigation increased soil electrical conductivity（EC）and soil water content（SWC）.The N treatment has highly significant effect on the ACE,Chao,Shannon（H）and Coverage indices.Based on a 16S ribosomal RNA（16S rRNA）sequence analysis,the Proteobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes and Bacteroidetes were more abundant in soil irrigated with reclaimed water than in soil irrigated with clean water.Stronger clustering of microbial communities using either clean or reclaimed water for irrigation indicated that the type of irrigation water may have a greater influence on the structure of soil microbial community than N fertilizer treatment.Based on a canonical correspondence analysis（CCA）between the species of soil microbes and the chemical properties of the soil,which indicated that nitrate N（NO3-–-N）and total phosphorus（TP）had significant impact on abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Gemmatimonadetes,meanwhile the p H and organic matter（OM）had impact on abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria significantly.It was beneficial to the improvement of soil bacterial activity and fertility under 120 mg kg^-1 N with reclaimed water irrigation.

Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) Standard Review for Self-Inspection and Management for VOC Emission in China’s Traditional Energy Chemical Industry

The emission of the traditional energy chemical industry accounts for 20% of the total manmade VOC emission in China, of which coal chemical and petrochemical plants are one of the most important VOC emission sources. VOC emission sources mainly include the leakage of oil refinery units and equipment, pipes and valves, respiration and leakage of various types of storage tanks, effusion of oils during loading and unloading, effusion of sewage treatment systems, all kinds of process tail gas, etc. In this paper, the current management status of VOC emission in China’s coal chemical industry and petrochemical industry are analyzed, which divides VOC management into intentional and fugitive emission. The Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) management method and technology for equipment, pipes and valves implemented in the United States are studied to propose self-inspection management methods and measures for VOC emissions in the energy chemical industry, providing strategies and recommendations for energy conservation, emission reduction and cleaner production in the traditional energy chemical industry.

Topology Chemical Process Research on the Condensing and Growing Phase Multi Micro Oil Droplets Based on Hydrodynamics

The hydrodynamic research about the droplet condensing of the multi phase liquid state on the surface of the coal glass and water discusses the deepening process of convex shape curve and the formation of S shape, and puts emphasis on describing the diagram formation method of the later. In the induction period the active diagram of the micro droplet is decided by pH value forming as convex shape diagram or S shape diagram. When pH value is above 4.0, the damage of convex shape diagram cannot be recovered, in that case produce S shape activity diagram. When pH value is equal to or above 12.0, the hard surface with alkali liquid state loses adhesion, so that the micro droplet condensing of the multi phase liquid state stops completely. The research result shows that the water cleaning conditions of getting rid of the oil micro droplets can be decided by the pH value.

Effects of Straw Returning and Chemical Control on Occurrence Quantity of Athetis lepigone Moschler in Summer Maize Fields

Athetis lepigone Moschler is a new kind of insect pest occurring in summer corn production areas. By investigation, it was found especially serious in straw returning fields. In this paper, its damage status was investigated in straw returning and chemical controlled fields, respectively. The results showed that the rate of damaged plants was 82% and the maximum pest number per 100 plants was 88 heads in the straw returning fields without chemical control. The application of herbicides and pesticides had no significant effects on occurrence quantity and damage rate, but the pest number per 100 plants decreased a little compared to the fields without chemical control. In the surer er maize fields without straw returning, the application of herbicides and pesticides could significantly decrease the damage of Athetis lepigone, the rate of damaged plants was 20%, and the pest number per 100 plants was 6.

S-N掺杂聚乙二醇用于锂硫电池的第一性原理研究

锂硫电池中可溶性多硫化物的穿梭效应严重限制了其产业化进程。聚乙二醇(PEG)作为正极和隔膜涂层在一定程度上可缓解穿梭。本工作采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究了S掺杂PEG400、N掺杂PEG400和S-N共掺杂PEG400对多硫化物的吸附机理,计算了吸附能、吸附最短距离、电荷转移和范德瓦尔斯力所占比例等。结果表明,三种基底对锂多硫化物均存在化学吸附作用,以N掺杂PEG400效果最佳。

A Toxicological Assessment of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Found in the BMW (Border, Midland and Western) Region of Ireland

A battery of tests was established to determine the oestrogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic potential of two categories of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), phthalates and alkylphenols. Diisononylphthalate (DINP), diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), dibutylphthalate (DBP), diisododecylphthalate (DIDP) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) were oestrogenic in the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay and potently oestrogenic in the MVLN and E-SCREEN assays at environmentally relevant concentrations. DINP and 4-NP were mutagenic in the Ames assay and also induced significant levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis and DNA strand breakage. Significant induction in the percentage of cells containing micronuclei was observed after treatment with DINP, DEHP and 4-NP. In addition, sewage effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the Border, Midlands and Western (BMW) region of Ireland were significantly oestrogenic in the YES assay. Moreover, analysis of levels of phthalates and alkylphenol identified in Irish rivers receiving treated effluent showed potent oestrogenicity in the YES assay. The proliferative and genotoxic ability of the phthalates and alkylphenol, and the oestrogenicity of the treated effluents reported here, is significant as these EDCs and EDCs within the effluent may play a role in the etiology of human abnormalities.

Screening for Genotoxicity and Oestrogenicity of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals <i>in Vitro</i>

A diverse range of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) was examined, using an in vitro test system, for critical events required for the onset of carcinogenesis in vivo. The initiation stage of carcinogenesis is a genotoxic process. 4-Octylphenol (alkylphenol), bisphenol A (plasticiser), coumestrol and genistein (phytoestrogens), 2,4-dichlorophe- noxyacetic acid and toxaphene (pesticides) and ethinylestradiol (synthetic hormone) were investigated for potential mutagencicity, DNA strand breakage, clastogenicity and DNA repair. Significant induction in the percentage of cells containing micronuclei was observed for all the EDCs. Toxaphene and coumestrol were mutagenic in the Ames assay. They also induced significant levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis and DNA strand breakage. Bisphenol A induced low level DNA strand breakage in HepG2 cells in the comet assay. The EDCs, with the exception of toxaphene, induced transcriptional activation in the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay. They were potently oestrogenic in the mammalian based MVLN (transactivation) and E-SCREEN (proliferation) assays. This report on the transactivational, proliferative and genotoxic ability of the EDCs suggests that these chemicals may play a role in the etiology of male and female reproductive cancers.

Ce_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_(2)氧载体耦合S-1分子筛对化学链反应性能的影响

在Ce_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_(2)氧载体中添加不同质量S-1分子筛,并利用XRD、BET、XPS、SEM、TEM和CH4-TPR&CO_(2)-TPO等表征对氧载体的物化特性和反应性能进行了研究。考察了S-1分子筛添加量对Ce_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_(2)氧载体在化学链甲烷重整耦合CO_(2)还原反应中的性能的影响。与单纯的Ce_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_(2)氧载体相比,添加了0.3 g S-1分子筛后复合氧载体的比表面积明显增大,从15.44 m^(2)/g提高至73.27 m^(2)/g。同时热稳定性和结构稳定性也得到了很大的改善。添加了0.3 g S-1分子筛的复合氧载体CH4转化率由38.93%提升至56.03%,CO_(2)还原过程中CO产率由1.18 mmol/g增加至2.16 mmol/g。

China's Chemical Industry:Scientific and Technical Goals Set for the Ninth Five-Year Plan

China’s chemical industry is an important industrial sector in the national economy, closely related to other sectors and consumer markets. The industry produces agricultural chemicals made from coal, petroleum, natural gas, natural ore and biological substances, in addition to organic and inorganic raw materials, compound materials, fine chemicals, and chemicals for special purposes. The industry also uses

Further Enhancing the International Competitiveness of China's Chemical Industry

Foreign-oriented Economy Entering a New Stage The Eighth Five-year Plan period saw the fastest development of the foreign-oriented economy in China’s chemical industry, with an accumulated import and export value of US$100 billion, including US$38.3 billion of exports. In 1996 the total import and export value reached US$30 billion, including US$12 billion of exports. Now, more than 300 chemical enterprises and institutes have obtained foreign

China's Chemical Engineering Design Capability

During the early days of New China, to support the domestic construction of those projects aided by the former Soviet Union, the design institution formed a chemical engineering production installation design team. During the 1950s, this team designed an ammonia synthesis unit with an annual capacity of 75000 tons, set up the Sichuan Chemical Plant and worked out a

A Giant of China's Cleaning Industry——The Blue Star Chemical Cleaning Group Corporation

First business: to clean a tea pot. Income: RMB 0.20 (less than 10 US cents at the time). Second business: to clean a boiler. Income: RMB 1, 200. Three months later, incomereached RMB 240, 000. Ten years later, the company had 350 subsidiaries across China and four joint ventures abroad, with an annual output value of more than RMB 300 million. The data are simple but intriguing, recording the history of the Blue