DYNAMICS FOR A CHEMOTAXIS MODEL WITH GENERAL LOGISTIC DAMPING AND SIGNAL DEPENDENT MOTILITY

In this paper,we consider the fully parabolic Chemotaxis system with the general logistic source{ut=Δ(γ(v)u)+λu-μu^(k),x∈Ω,t>0,vt=△v+wz,x∈Ω,t>0,wt=-wz,x∈Ω,t>0,zt=△z-z+u,x∈Ω,t>0 whereΩ⊂ℝn(n≥1)is a smooth and bounded domain,λ≥0,μ≥0,κ>1,and the motility function satisfies thatγ(v)∈C3([0,∞)),γ(v)>0,γ′(v)≤0 for all v≥0.Considering the Neumann boundary condition,we obtain the global boundedness of solutions if one of the following conditions holds:(i)λ=μ=0,1≤nλ3;(ii)λ>0,μ>0,combined withκ>1,1≤n≤3 or k>n+2/4,,n>3.Moreover,we prove that the solution (u, v, w, z) exponentially converges to the constant steady state ((λ/μ)1/k-1,∫Ωv0dx+∫Ωw0dx/|Ω|,0,(λ/μ)1/k-1).

Human leukocyte antigen compatibility and incidence of donorspecific antibodies in pediatric liver transplant recipients

BACKGROUND Antibody-mediated rejection following liver transplantation(LT)has been increasingly recognized,particularly with respect to the emergence of de novo donor-specific antibodies(DSAs)and their impact on graft longevity.While substantial evidence for adult populations exists,research focusing on pediatric LT outcomes remains limited.AIM To investigate the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)mismatches and DSA and evaluate their association with rejection episodes after pediatric LT.METHODS A cohort of pediatric LT recipients underwent HLA testing at Santa Casa de Porto Alegre,Brazil,between December 2013 and December 2023.Only patients who survived for>30 days after LT with at least one DSA analysis were included.DSA classes I and II and cross-matches were analyzed.The presence of de novo DSA(dnDSA)was evaluated at least 3 months after LT using the Luminex®single antigen bead method,with a positive reaction threshold set at 1000 MFI.Rejection episodes were confirmed by liver biopsy.RESULTS Overall,67 transplanted children were analyzed;61 received grafts from living donors,85%of whom were related to recipients.Pre-transplant DSA(class I or II)was detected in 28.3%of patients,and dnDSA was detected in 48.4%.The median time to DSA detection after LT was 19.7[interquartile range(IQR):4.3-35.6]months.Biopsyproven rejection occurred in 13 patients at follow-up,with C4d positivity observed in 5/13 Liver biopsies.The median time to rejection was 7.8(IQR:5.7-12.8)months.The presence of dnDSA was significantly associated with rejection(36%vs 3%,P<0.001).The rejection-free survival rates at 12 and 24 months were 76%vs 100%and 58%vs 95%for patients with dnDSA anti-DQ vs those without,respectively.CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating DSA assessment into pre-and post-transplantation protocols for pediatric LT recipients.Future implications may include immunosuppression minimization strategies based on this analysis in pediatric LT recipients.

High-Order Decoupled and Bound Preserving Local Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for a Class of Chemotaxis Models

In this paper,we explore bound preserving and high-order accurate local discontinuous Galerkin(LDG)schemes to solve a class of chemotaxis models,including the classical Keller-Segel(KS)model and two other density-dependent problems.We use the convex splitting method,the variant energy quadratization method,and the scalar auxiliary variable method coupled with the LDG method to construct first-order temporal accurate schemes based on the gradient flow structure of the models.These semi-implicit schemes are decoupled,energy stable,and can be extended to high accuracy schemes using the semi-implicit spectral deferred correction method.Many bound preserving DG discretizations are only worked on explicit time integration methods and are difficult to get high-order accuracy.To overcome these difficulties,we use the Lagrange multipliers to enforce the implicit or semi-implicit LDG schemes to satisfy the bound constraints at each time step.This bound preserving limiter results in the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition,which can be solved by an efficient active set semi-smooth Newton method.Various numerical experiments illustrate the high-order accuracy and the effect of bound preserving.

Better understanding of c-reactive protein and leukocytes in psychiatric inpatients with affective disorders:A biopsychosocial approach

BACKGROUND Affective disorders(AD)have been linked to inflammatory processes,although the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are still not fully elucidated.It is hypothesized that demographic,somatic,lifestyle,and personality variables predict inflammatory parameters in AD.AIM To identify biopsychosocial factors contributing to inflammation in AD measured with two parameters,C-reactive protein(CRP)and leukocytes.METHODS This observational study investigated 186 hospital inpatients diagnosed with AD using demographic parameters,serum inflammatory markers,somatic variables,psychological questionnaires,and lifestyle parameters.Hierarchical regression analyses were used to predict inflammatory markers from demographic,somatic,lifestyle,and personality variables.RESULTS Analyses showed that 33.8%of the variance of CRP was explained by body mass index and other somatic medication(e.g.anti-diabetics),age and education,and age of affective disorder diagnosis.For leukocytes,20.1%of the variance was explained by smoking,diet,metabolic syndrome(MetS),and anti-inflammatory medication(e.g.non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).Other psychiatric or behavioural variables did not reach significance.CONCLUSION Metabolic components seem important,with mounting evidence for a metabolic affective disorder subtype.Lifestyle modifications and psychoeducation should be employed to prevent or treat MetS in AD.

Integrated analyses of transcriptomics and network pharmacology reveal leukocyte characteristics and functional changes in subthreshold depression,elucidating the curative mechanism of Danzhi Xiaoyao powder

Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism and identify potential drugs for subthreshold depression(SD),and elucidate the detalied mechanism of Danzhi Xiaoyao powder(DZXY)in SD.Methods:Using RNA-sequencing,we identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in leukocytes of SD compared to healthy controls,deciphered their functions and pathways,and identified the hub genes of SD.We also assessed changes in leukocyte transcription factor activity in patients with SD using the TELis platform.The Connectivity Map database was retrieved to screen candidate drugs for SD.Based on network pharmacology,we elucidated the"multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway"mechanism of DZXY in the treatment of SD.Results:We identified 1080 DEGs(padj<0.05 and|log2(fold change)l≥1&protein coding)in the leukocytes of patients with SD.These DEGs,including hub genes,were primarily involved in immune and inflammatory response-related processes.Transcription factor activity analysis revealed similarities between the leukocyte transcriptome profile in SD and the conserved transcriptional response to adversities in immune cells.Connectivity Map analysis identified 28 potential drugs for SD treatment,particularly SB-202190 and TWS-119.Constructing the"Direct Compounds-Direct Targets-Pathways"network for DZXY and SD revealed the curative mechanisms of DZXY in SD,primarily including inflammatory response,lipid metabolism,immune response,and other processes.Conclusion:These results provide new insights into the characteristics and functional changes of leukocytes in SD,partially illustrate the pathogenesis of SD,and suggest potential drugs for SD.The curative mechanisms of DZXY in SD are also partially elucidated.

Importance of human leukocyte antigen antibodies and leukocyte antigen/killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in liver transplantation

Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the hypothetical state of hepatic tolerance,which is described by eventual imbalances or deregulation in the balance of cytokines,mediators,effectors,and regulatory cells in the complex milieu of the liver.In this section,we will comment on the importance of donorspecific anti-human leukocyte antigen(HLA)antibodies(DSA)as well as the compatibility and pairings of HLA and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor(KIR)genotypes in the evolution of liver transplantation.Thus,HLA compatibility,viral infections,and HLA-C/KIR combinations have all been linked to liver transplant rejection and survival.There have been reports of increased risk of acute and chronic rejection with ductopenia,faster graft fibrosis,biliary problems,poorer survival,and even de novo autoimmune hepatitis when DSAs are present in the recipient.Higher mean fluorescence intensity(MFI)values of the DSAs and smaller graft size were associated with poorer patient outcomes,implying that high-risk patients with preformed DSAs should be considered for selecting the graft placed and desensitization methods,according to the investigators.Similarly,in a combined kidney-liver transplant,a pretransplant with a visible expression of several DSAs revealed that these antibodies were resistant to treatment.The renal graft was lost owing to antibody-mediated rejection(AMR).The HLA antigens expressed by the transplanted liver graft influenced antibody elimination.Pathologists are increasingly diagnosing AMR in liver transplants,and desensitization therapy has even been employed in situations of AMR,particularly in patients with DSAs in kidney-hepatic transplants and high-class II MFI due to Luminex.In conclusion,after revealing the negative impacts of DSAs with high MFI,pretransplant virtual crossmatch techniques may be appropriate to improve evolution;however,they may extend cold ischemia periods by requiring the donor to be typed.

THE SHOCK WAVES FOR A MIXED-TYPE SYSTEM FROM CHEMOTAXIS

In this paper,we study the shock waves for a mixed-type system from chemotaxis.We are concerned with the jump conditions for the left state which is located in the elliptical region and the right state in the hyperbolic region.Under the generalized entropy conditions,we find that there are different shock wave structures for different parameters.To guarantee the uniqueness of the solutions,we obtain the admissible shock waves which satisfy the generalized entropy condition in both parameters.Finally,we construct the Riemann solutions in some solvable regions.

BOUNDEDNESS OF A CHEMOTAXIS-CONVECTION MODEL DESCRIBING TUMOR-INDUCED ANGIOGENESIS

This paper is concerned with the parabolic-parabolic-elliptic system■in a bounded domainΩ?Rnwith a smooth boundary,where the parametersχ,ζ1,ζ2are positive constants and m≥1.Based on the coupled energy estimates,the boundedness of the global classical solution is established in any dimensions(n≥1)provided that m>1.

THE SINGULAR CONVERGENCE OF A CHEMOTAXIS-FLUID SYSTEM MODELING CORAL FERTILIZATION

The singular convergence of a chemotaxis-fluid system modeling coral fertilization is justified in spatial dimension three.More precisely,it is shown that a solution of parabolic-parabolic type chemotaxis-fluid system modeling coral fertilization■converges to that of the parabolic-elliptic type chemotaxis-fluid system modeling coral fertiliz ation■in a certain Fourier-Herz space asε^(-1)→0.

Smart palm-size optofluidic hematology analyzer for automated imaging-based leukocyte concentration detection

A critical function of flow cytometry is to count the concentration of blood cells,which helps in the diagnosis of certain diseases.However,the bulky nature of commercial flow cytometers makes such tests only available in hospitals or laboratories,hindering the spread of point-of-care testing(POCT),especially in underdeveloped areas.Here,we propose a smart Palm-size Optofluidic Hematology Analyzer based on a miniature fluorescence microscope and a microfluidic platform to lighten the device to improve its portability.This gadget has a dimension of 35×30×80 mm and a mass of 39 g,less than 5%of the weight of commercially available flow cytometers.Additionally,automatic leukocyte concentration detection has been realized through the integration of image processing and leukocyte counting algorithms.We compared the leukocyte concentration measurement between our approach and a hemocytometer using the Passing-Bablok analysis and achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.979.Through Bland-Altman analysis,we obtained the relationship between their differences and mean measurement values and established 95%limits of agreement,ranging from−0.93×10^(3)to 0.94×10^(3)cells/μL.We anticipate that this device can be used widely for monitoring and treating diseases such as HIV and tumors beyond hospitals.

Biochanin A,as the Lrg1/TGF-β/Smad2 pathway blockade,attenuates blood-brain barrier damage after cerebral ischemiareperfusion by modulating leukocyte migration patterns

Background:Biochanin A is an excellent dietary isoflavone that has the concomitant function of both medicine and foodstuff.The attenuation function of biochanin A on blood-brain barrier(BBB)damage induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion remains unclear.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 1 h middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)followed by 24 h reperfusion.The infarct volume of the brain was stained by TTC,while leakage of the brain was quantitatively stained by Evans blue,and the neurologic deficit score was measured.Microglial-induced morphologic changes were observed via immunofluorescence staining,and rolling and adhering leukocytes in venules were observed via two-photon imaging,while the inner fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin of venules were compared with those of surrounding interstitial area through venular albumin leakage.Results:The attenuation effect of biochanin A on tight junction injury was compared in ischemia-reperfusion mice or conventional knockdown of leucine-richα2-glycoprotein 1(Lrg1)mice.Biochanin A could ameliorate BBB injury in mice with cerebral ischemiareperfusion in a dose-dependent manner by strengthening the immunostaining volume of occludin,claudin-5,and zonula occludens-1.The amoeba morphologic changes of microglial combined with the elevated expression of Lrg1 could be relieved under the treatment of biochanin A.Biochanin A played a countervailing role on the rolling leukocytes in the vessel,while the leakage of blood vessels was reduced.Biochanin A diminished its functions to further improved attenuation for tight junction injury on conventional Lrg1-knockout mice,as well as the inhibition effects on TGF-β1,and the phosphorylation of suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 2(Smad2)/Smad2 via western blot assay.Conclusion:Biochanin A could alleviate tight junction injury induced by cerebral ischemiareperfusion and blocked the Lrg1/TGF-β/Smad2 pathway to modulate leukocyte migration patterns.

The Role of Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Enhancing the Healing of Extraction Sockets: An Overview of the Literature

Introduction: Leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is an emerging material in dentistry, however, there are controversies surrounding its effectiveness. Despite the amount of literature available, debates regarding its effect continue. This review aims to summarize and clarify the data surrounding the use of L-PRF in promoting the healing of extraction sockets, which may offer a better outcome for future treatments. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature on the use of L-PRF in promoting the healing of extraction sockets, and to provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence. Methods: A comprehensive computer-based search of databases such as PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library was conducted. Results: The results of this review suggest that L-PRF has shown promise in promoting early healing of extraction sockets, but the evidence for its effectiveness over a longer period is limited. Conclusion: Although L-PRF has shown promising results in the early healing periods, its effectiveness over a longer healing period cannot be confirmed based on the available data. More clinical trials with standardized protocols and consistent measurement methods are needed to establish the role of L-PRF in enhancing the healing of extraction sockets.

Low-Dose Gamma Radiation Fields Decrease Cell Viability, Damage DNA, and Increase the Expression of Hsp70 and p53 Proteins in Human Leukocytes

Ionizing radiations are tools in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Leukopenia from exposure to ionizing radiation has been reported. Due to their radiosensitivity, leukocytes are a biological model to analyze cell damage. Therefore, cell viability, DNA damage, and Hsp70 and p53 expression in human leukocytes exposed to low-dose gamma radiation fields from a 137Cs source were evaluated. A decrease in cell viability, DNA damage and an increase in the expression of Hsp70 and p53 proportional to the radiation dose received was found, which was 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mGy.

Association of human leukocyte antigen DQB1 and DRB1 alleles with chronic hepatitis B

AIM: To investigate the effect of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1 and DQB1 alleles on the inactive and advanced stages of chronic hepatitis B.

Chemotaxis-Growth系统的整体吸引子

研究了具有Dirichlet边界条件的Chemotaxis-Growth系统解的长时间行为.证明了Chemotaxis-Growth系统的解在L2(Ω)×L2(Ω)和H01(Ω)×H01(Ω)上的整体有界性,得到系统在L2(Ω)×L2(Ω)中整体吸引子的存在性.

一类非线性chemotaxis系统的局部零能控性

本文研究了一类非线性chemotaxis系统的能控性问题.利用这类线性化结合不动点的方法,获得了非线性系统的局部零能控性结果,推广了非线性抛物-椭圆型方程能控性的结果.

Occurrence of human leukocyte antigen B51-related ankylosing spondylitis in a family:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is strongly associated with the human leukocyte antigen(HLA)B27 haplotype.In regions where conventional polymerase chain reaction for HLA typing is available for antigens such as HLA B27 or HLA B51,it is common to perform the HLA B27 test for evaluation of AS.While HLA B27-associated clustered occurrences of AS have been reported in families,we report the first case series of HLA B51-related occurrences of AS in a family.CASE SUMMARY A father and his daughters were diagnosed with AS and did not have the HLA B27 haplotype.Although they were positive for HLA B51,they exhibited no signs of Behçet’s disease(BD).Of the five daughters,one had AS,and three,including the daughter with AS,were positive for HLA B51.The two daughters with the HLA B51 haplotype(excluding the daughter with AS)exhibited bilateral grade 1 sacroiliitis,whereas the daughters without the HLA B51 haplotype did not have sacroiliitis.Thus,this Korean family exhibited a strong association with the HLA B51 haplotype and clinical sacroiliitis,irrespective of the symptoms of BD.CONCLUSION It is advisable to check for HLA B51 positivity in patients with AS/spondyloarthropathy who test negative for HLA B27.

3维chemotaxis-fluid方程弱解的整体存在性

针对具有非线性3维扩散chemotaxis-fluid模型,在其初边值问题基础上,提出了在m>7/6时该模型具有弱解整体存在性的论断。利用正则化问题的先验估计方法,给出了基于chemotaxis-fluid模型的5个引理并进行了证明,在此证明基础上,对所提论断进行了证明。

两类Chemotaxis模型解的性质

本文讨论了抛物-双曲和抛物-常微两个Chemotaxis模型初边值问题解的性质.利用形式级数展开的方法,得到全局解在微小扰动下,导致解在有限时间内爆破,并对爆破时间进行了估计.因此说明了这种模型空间齐性解的不稳定性.

Signaling mechanisms for regulation of chemotaxis

Chemotaxis is a fascinating biological process, through which a cell migrates along a shallow chemoattractant gradient that is less than 5% difference between the anterior and posterior of the cell. Chemotaxis is composed of two independent, but interrelated processes-motility and directionality, both of which are regulated by extracellular stimuli, chemoattractants. In this mini-review, recent progresses in the understanding of the regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis by chemoattractant signaling are reviewed.