The formation of molecular oxygen from water by PSⅡ is supposed to occur by meansof a linear, four-electron oxidation process involving five so-called S-state intermediates(S<sub>0</sub>→S<sub>4&l...The formation of molecular oxygen from water by PSⅡ is supposed to occur by meansof a linear, four-electron oxidation process involving five so-called S-state intermediates(S<sub>0</sub>→S<sub>4</sub>). The Mn-cluster is considered to be ligated to the PSⅡ reaction centerpolypeptides, but for its functioning, 43 and 47ku chlorophyll proteins, three peripheralproteins of 17, 23 and 33 ku need to be associated with the lumenal surface of thylakoidmembranes. These proteins, together with Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup>, play a regulatory role in the effi-展开更多
阶梯式碳交易机制以及优化调度模型求解算法是进行园区综合能源系统(community integrated energy system,CIES)优化调度的重要因素,现有文献对这两个因素的考虑不够全面。为此,文中在考虑阶梯式碳交易机制的基础上,提出采用近端策略优...阶梯式碳交易机制以及优化调度模型求解算法是进行园区综合能源系统(community integrated energy system,CIES)优化调度的重要因素,现有文献对这两个因素的考虑不够全面。为此,文中在考虑阶梯式碳交易机制的基础上,提出采用近端策略优化(proximal policy optimization,PPO)算法求解CIES低碳优化调度问题。该方法基于低碳优化调度模型搭建强化学习交互环境,利用设备状态参数及运行参数定义智能体的状态、动作空间及奖励函数,再通过离线训练获取可生成最优策略的智能体。算例分析结果表明,采用PPO算法得到的CIES低碳优化调度方法能够充分发挥阶梯式碳交易机制减少碳排放量和提高能源利用率方面的优势。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The formation of molecular oxygen from water by PSⅡ is supposed to occur by meansof a linear, four-electron oxidation process involving five so-called S-state intermediates(S<sub>0</sub>→S<sub>4</sub>). The Mn-cluster is considered to be ligated to the PSⅡ reaction centerpolypeptides, but for its functioning, 43 and 47ku chlorophyll proteins, three peripheralproteins of 17, 23 and 33 ku need to be associated with the lumenal surface of thylakoidmembranes. These proteins, together with Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup>, play a regulatory role in the effi-