新发HIV/AIDS患者抑郁心理干预效果及其与CD_(4)^(+)T细胞计数的关系研究

背景HIV/AIDS与抑郁症相关,抑郁症加大HIV相关认知紊乱(HAND)风险,并降低患者抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)依从性,加剧HIV传播风险。国内研究较少报道新发HIV/AIDS患者(PLWHA)抑郁心理干预效果及与CD_(4)^(+)T细胞计数相关性。目的探究新发PLWHA抑郁心理干预效果及与CD_(4)^(+)T细胞计数相关性,为AIDS临床诊疗提供参考。方法2020年4月—2022年6月采用方便取样方法在江西省ART定点医院抽取新发PLWHA抑郁患者,患者确诊后立即启动ART及心理干预,干预总周期为12周。在干预前后采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行评估,并检测CD_(4)^(+)T细胞计数进行分析。结果共纳入新发PLWHA抑郁患者200例,有效随访178例,有效率为89.0%。178例PLWHA抑郁患者轻中度88例(49.4%)、重度90例(50.6%),伴焦虑者173例(97.2%)。患者CD_(4)^(+)T细胞计数均值在干预前为(346.39±156.87)个/μL,干预后为(421.93±149.61)个/μL。干预后,新发PLWHA抑郁患者CD_(4)^(+)T细胞计数高于干预前(t_(配对)=10.971,P<0.05),HAMD、HAMA总分及各因子评分均低于干预前(P<0.05)。干预前,HAMD总分与CD_(4)^(+)T细胞计数分级(以500个/μL为分界值)呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.157,P=0.036)、与HAMA总分呈正相关(r_(s)=0.764,P<0.001)。干预后,HAMD总分与干预后CD_(4)^(+)T细胞计数呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.150,P=0.046)、与HAMA总分呈强正相关(r_(s)=0.939,P<0.001)。干预前,新发PLWHA抑郁患者CD_(4)^(+)T细胞计数<500个/μL者HAMD、HAMA总分高于CD_(4)^(+)T细胞计数≥500个/μL者(P<0.05)。结论新发PLWHA抑郁严重程度与CD_(4)^(+)T细胞计数相关,经专业心理干预能显著改善。

HBV相关肝病患者外周血T细胞及细胞因子水平研究

背景乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)相关慢性肝病患者外周血T细胞及细胞因子水平与患者免疫功能状态密切相关,不同疾病程度的HBV相关肝病患者的T细胞、细胞因子水平及与肝病阶段的相关性值得进一步探究.目的探究不同阶段HBV相关慢性肝病患者外周血T细胞亚群计数、细胞因子变化特点及关联性.方法本研究为一项观察性研究,共纳入慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者65例,肝硬化失代偿期(decompensated cirrhosis,DCC)患者122例,肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者109例,收集患者一般信息、病史、治疗情况及实验室检查结果、Child-Paugh分级及HCC患者肿瘤巴塞罗那分期,分析各项指标,尤其是T细胞亚群计数及细胞因子的组间差异及特征.结果HBV相关肝硬化、HCC患者外周血CD8^(+)T细胞水平与Child分级A到C呈负相关.HCC患者CD8^(+)T细胞绝对计数显著低于DCC[240(150-379)cells/μLvs 277(154-435)cells/μL,P<0.05]及CHB[240(150-379)cells/μL vs 452(269-706)cells/μL,P<0.001]患者.白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α在HCC组均最高.DCC、HCC患者Child-Paugh分级越差,CD3^(+)、CD8^(+)T细胞水平越低,IL-6水平越高.HCC患者CD3^(+)、CD8^(+)T细胞水平随着肿瘤巴塞罗那分期由A到D呈下降趋势,IL-6呈上升趋势.且肝硬化、HCC患者CD3^(+)(r=-0.340,P<0.001)、CD8^(+)(r=-0.353,P<0.001)T细胞水平与IL-6升高水平呈显著负相关.结论HBV相关肝硬化、HCC患者外周血CD8^(+)T细胞计数与Child分级(由A到C)呈负相关,且IL-6水平与CD8^(+)T细胞计数存在负相关关系.

T lymphocyte proportion in Alzheimer’s disease prognosis

Bai et al investigate the predictive value of T lymphocyte proportion in Alzheimer's disease(AD)prognosis.Through a retrospective study involving 62 AD patients,they found that a decrease in T lymphocyte proportion correlated with a poorer prognosis,as indicated by higher modified Rankin scale scores.While the study highlights the potential of T lymphocyte proportion as a prognostic marker,it suggests the need for larger,multicenter studies to enhance generalizability and validity.Additionally,future research could use cognitive exams when evaluating prognosis and delve into immune mechanisms underlying AD progression.Despite limitations inherent in retrospective designs,Bai et al's work contributes to understanding the immune system's role in AD prognosis,paving the way for further exploration in this under-researched area.

乳酸/白蛋白比值、白细胞介素-6、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数对重症肺炎并脓毒症患者短期预后的预测价值

目的探讨乳酸/白蛋白比值(LAR)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数对重症肺炎并脓毒症患者28 d死亡的预测价值。方法选择2022年1月至2023年6月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院呼吸重症医学科(RICU)收治的73例重症肺炎并脓毒症患者为研究对象,依据患者28 d生存结局将其分为生存组(n=43)和死亡组(n=30)。通过查阅电子病历收集患者的临床资料,包括:年龄、性别及合并高血压、糖尿病、冠状动脉性心脏病(CHD)情况,入住RICU治疗时的序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)、急性生理与慢性健康状态评价系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、平均动脉压(MAP)、英国胸科协会改良肺炎评分(CURB-65)、总胆红素(Tbil)、血肌酐(Scr)、血小板计数(PLT)、白细胞(WBC)计数、降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)。入住RICU后第1、3、7天,抽取患者动脉血,应用全自动血气分析仪检测乳酸水平;抽取患者外周静脉血,应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测患者血清中白蛋白和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平,流式细胞仪检测CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞亚群计数;计算2组患者第1、3、7天的LAR。比较2组患者的临床资料及第1、3、7天的LAR、IL-6及CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数水平,应用logistic回归分析重症肺炎并脓毒症患者28 d死亡的影响因素,受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评估各影响因素对重症肺炎并脓毒症患者28 d死亡的预测价值。结果2组患者的性别、年龄、合并高血压占比、合并糖尿病占比、合并CHD占比、RICU住院时间以及入住RICU时的Tbil、MAP、PLT、Scr、WBC、PCT、CRP比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);死亡组患者的APACHEⅡ评分、CURB-65评分显著高于生存组(P<0.05)。第1、3、7天,死亡组患者的CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数显著低于生存组,SOFA评分显著高于生存组(P<0.05)。第1天,死亡组与生存组患者的LAR、IL-6水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第3、7天,死亡组患者的LAR及IL-6水平显著高于生存组(P<0.05)。生存组患者第3、7天的LAR、IL-6、SOFA评分显著低于第1天,第7天的LAR、IL-6、SOFA显著低于第3天(P<0.05);生存组患者第3、7天的CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数显著高于第1天(P<0.05);生存组患者第7天与第3天的CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。死亡组患者第7天的IL-6水平显著低于第1、3天(P<0.05),第1天的IL-6水平与第3天比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LAR、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数、SOFA评分各时间点间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,第3天,重症肺炎并脓毒症患者LAR、IL-6水平与SOFA评分呈显著正相关(r=0.385、0.394,P<0.05);第7天,LAR、IL-6与SOFA评分亦呈显著正相关(r=0.418、0.402,P<0.05);第3、7天,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数与SOFA评分均呈显著负相关(r=-0.451、-0.454,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,APACHEⅡ评分、第3天的LAR、IL-6、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数及第7天的IL-6、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数是重症肺炎并脓毒症28 d死亡的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,APACHEⅡ评分,第3天的LAR、IL-6、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数及三者联合,第7天的IL-6、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数及二者联合对重症肺炎并脓毒症患者的28 d死亡均有一定预测价值(P<0.05);第3天的LAR、IL-6和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数联合预测重症肺炎并脓毒症患者28 d死亡的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.891,APACHEⅡ评分预测重症肺炎并脓毒症患者28 d死亡的AUC值为0.769,第3天的LAR、IL-6、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数预测重症肺炎并脓毒症28 d死亡的AUC值分别为0.795、0.757、0.770,第7天的IL-6、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数及二者联合预测重症肺炎并脓毒症28 d死亡的AUC值分别为0.743、0.802、0.888。结论入院3 d LAR、3 d IL-6、3 d CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数以及7 d IL-6、7 d CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数是影响重症肺炎并脓毒症患者28 d死亡的相关因素;联合检测第3天的LAR、IL-6、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数能够更好地评估患者病情严重程度及预后。

CAR-T前体细胞采集前后血液成分变化及临床分析

目的分析患者嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)前体细胞采集前后血液成分变化,为CAR-T前体细胞采集工作提供借鉴。方法选取2022年1月—2023年12月徐州医科大学附属医院血液科应用COM.TEC型血细胞分离机收集CAR-T前体细胞的129例患者作为研究对象,回顾性分析相关资料。观察采集前后白细胞(WBC)计数、淋巴细胞计数、红细胞(RBC)计数、血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(HCT)、血小板(PLT)计数及电解质Ca^(2+)、K^(+)、Na^(+)、Cl^(-)变化差异。记录采集过程的不良反应,分析血液成分变化的原因。将性别、年龄、体重、疾病类型以及采集前WBC计数、淋巴细胞计数、PLT计数、HCT与终产品单个核细胞(MNC)计数进行多元线性回归分析。结果129例患者CAR-T前体细胞均采集成功,MNC计数均值为7.4×10^(9)/L(1.4×10^(9)/L~38.0×10^(9)/L),无重度单采不良事件发生。采集后淋巴细胞计数、RBC计数、Hb、HCT及PLT计数较采集前显著下降(P<0.05),WBC计数较采集前上升,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);K^(+)、Cl^(-)浓度显著下降(P<0.05),Ca^(2+)、Na^(+)浓度较采集前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,采集前WBC计数、淋巴细胞计数、HCT及体重与终产品MNC计数密切相关(P<0.05)。结论通过COM.TEC型血细胞分离机采集患者CAR-T前体细胞安全可行。采集前保持较高的WBC计数、淋巴细胞计数、HCT及适当的体重可有效提高采集效果。

HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗时间对CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数、HIV病毒载量的影响

目的:探究人体免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者抗病毒治疗时间对CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数、HIV病毒载量的影响。方法:回顾性收集2018年4月—2023年4月新余市人民医院收治的200例HIV/AIDS患者的临床资料,根据确诊后抗病毒治疗时间的不同分为A组(治疗满1年,n=30)、B组(治疗满2年,n=26)、C组(治疗满3年,n=45)、D组(治疗满4年,n=99)。比较各组治疗后HIV病毒载量及CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数,分析抗病毒治疗时间与CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数、HIV病毒载量的关系,采用多元线性回归分析HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗后CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数变化的影响因素。结果:D组CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数高于A组、B组、C组,且C组CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数高于A组、B组,B组CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。四组的HIV病毒载量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同性别、基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数、WHO临床分期的HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗后的CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数、治疗时间为HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗后CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数变化的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:抗病毒治疗持续时间越长,HIV/AIDS患者的CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数改善效果越明显,基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数、治疗时间为HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗后CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数变化的影响因素。

人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者的基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数对抗病毒治疗后免疫功能重建的影响

目的探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)患者的基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数对抗病毒治疗后免疫功能重建的影响,为判断抗病毒治疗的效果提供依据。方法选取2019—2022年赣州市755例抗病毒治疗24周以上的HIV/AIDS患者的临床资料,采集外周血进行CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量检测。根据抗病毒治疗24周后的CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数将患者分为免疫重建良好组(≥200个/μl)和免疫重建不良组(<200个/μl)。多因素分析采用二分类logistic回归,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估模型的预测价值。结果755例患者中,614例(81.3%)免疫重建良好,141例(18.7%)免疫重建不良。病毒学指标显示有617例(81.7%)病毒学抑制成功,138例(18.3%)病毒学抑制失败。免疫重建不良组中基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数>500个/μl占比低于免疫重建良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,免疫重建与性别、年龄、治疗时间和基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归模型进行多因素分析结果显示,性别女(β=-0.642,OR=0.526,95%CI:0.288~0.962)、治疗时间1~2年(β=-0.538,OR=0.584,95%CI:0.383~0.890)、基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数200~500个/μl(β=-2.761,OR=0.063,95%CI:0.035~0.116)及基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数>500个/μl(β=-3.206,OR=0.041,95%CI:0.010~0.169)是免疫重建不良的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。年龄>50岁(β=1.554,OR=4.730,95%CI:1.028~21.751)是免疫重建不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。基于基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数的模型对免疫重建不良预测的ROC曲线下面积为0.834(P<0.05)。结论性别、年龄、抗病毒治疗时间和基线CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数是HIV/AIDS患者免疫功能重建的独立影响因素。

滋肾益经活血汤治疗肾虚血瘀型卵巢储备功能减退的疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群水平的影响

目的:探讨滋肾益经活血汤治疗肾虚血瘀型卵巢储备功能减退(DOR)的疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群水平的影响。方法:选取2019年4月至2022年4月陕西省中医医院收治的肾虚血瘀型DOR患者120例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。对照组接受戊酸雌二醇环丙孕酮片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上接受滋肾益经活血汤治疗。治疗6个月经周期后,比较2组患者临床疗效和治疗后中医证候积分、窦卵泡计数(AFC)、卵巢动脉血流参数、促卵泡激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E_(2))、抗米勒管激素(AMH)、月经情况、T淋巴细胞亚群水平及不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,观察组治疗总有效率为88.33%(53/60)高于对照组的71.67%(43/60),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组中医证候积分、AFC、FSH、E_(2)、AMH、卵巢动脉血流参数、月经情况和T淋巴细胞亚群水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组中医证候积分、FSH、CD8^(+)、阻力指数和月经周期、月经色质、月经量、经期评分低于对照组,AFC、舒张末期流速、收缩期峰值速度、E_(2)、AMH、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者不良反应率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:滋肾益经活血汤治疗肾虚血瘀型DOR疗效显著,能有效改善患者临床症状、卵巢储备功能、月经异常和免疫功能,且不良反应较少。

Poor CD4 count is a predictor of untreated depression in human immunodeficiency virus-positive African-Americans

AIM: To determine if efforts to improve antiretroviral therapy(ART) adherence minimizes the negative impact of depression on human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) outcomes. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of a clinic-based cohort of 158 HIV seropositive(HIV+) African Americans screened for major depressive disorder(MDD) in 2012. CD4 T lymphocyte(CD4+) counts were obtained from these individuals. Self-report on adherence to ART was determined from questionnaire administered during clinic visits. The primary outcome measure was conditional odds of having a poorer CD4+ count(< 350 cells/mm3). Association between CD4+ count and antidepressant-treated or untreated MDD subjects was examined controlling for self-reported adherence and other potential confounders. RESULTS: Out of 147 individuals with available CD4+ T lymphocyte data, 31% had CD4+ count < 350 cells/mm^3 and 28% reported poor ART adherence. As expected the group with > 350 cells/mm^3 CD4+ T lymphocyte endorsed significantly greater ART adherence compared to the group with < 350 cells/mm3 CD4+ T lymphocyte count(P < 0.004). Prevalence of MDD was 39.5% and 66% of individuals with MDD took antidepressants. Poor CD4+ T lymphocyte count was associated with poor ART adherence and MDD. Adjusting for ART adherence, age, sex and education, which were potential confounders, the association between MDD and poor CD4+ T lymphocyte remained significant only in the untreated MDD group.CONCLUSION: Therefore, CD4+ count could be a clinical marker of untreated depression in HIV+. Also, mental health care may be relevant to primary care of HIV+ patients.

CD4 T-Lymphocytes Count in HIV-<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Co-Infected Pregnant Women Undergoing a Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a parasite responsible of toxoplasmosis, a disease often asymptomatic but with serious consequences in pregnant women and immunocompromised subjects. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of T. gondii infection on CD4+ T lymphocytes count in HIV-infected pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of pregnant women co-infected by HIV and T. gondii. The study was conducted from January to July 2016 at the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) sites in the Health District of Lacs in Togo. Diagnosis of HIV was performed by immuno-chromatographic methods with Determine TM HIV-1/2 and immuno-filtration with Tri-Dot HIV-1 and 2 kits. Presence of anti-toxoplasmic IgG and IgM antibodies was established via enzyme immunoassay using ELISA-BIOREX&reg;kit. Flow cytometry was used to count CD4+ T lymphocytes. Results: Our study found that of the 4599 pregnant women, 111 (2.41%) were HIV-positive. Among them, 109 (98.20%) were infected by HIV-1 and 2 (1.98%) by HIV-2. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 5.36% (IgM), 25% (IgG) and 3.57% (both IgM and IgG) of HIV 56 infected women. There was no significant difference between CD4 cell count in HIV (+)/T. gondii IgM (-)/IgG (-) infected pregnant women (378.8 ± 222.8 cell//μl) compared to HIV (+)/T. gondii/IgM (+) (457.3 ± 183.3 cell//μl), HIV (+)/T. gondii IgG (+) (419.4 ± 287.3 cell//μl) and HIV (+)/T. gondii IgM/IgG (+) (480.5 ± 252.4 cell/μl). Conclusion: This study showed that intracellular parasite T. gondii did not alter CD4+ T lymphocytes count in HIV/T. gondii co-infected pregnant women.

The Study on Taxonomic Status of Trimeresurus stejnegeri chenbihuii Based on Scale Counting Method

[Objectives] This study was conducted to further investigate the taxonomic status of Hainan population of Trimeresurus stejnegeri from the morphological point of view.[Methods]The difference coefficients between different populations were compared using the 75% law,and the relationship between scales and latitudes was analyzed.[Results] The scales(abdominal and subcaudal) of 325 Trimeresurus individuals were counted according to China Animal Fauna,including156 T.stejnegeri individuals.Some difference coefficients between the Hainan population and others were greater than 1.28,and there was no correlation between the number of scales and latitude.It conforms to subclassification criteria.[Conclusions]The view about the subspecies status of T.stejnegeri chenbihuii should be supported.

Factors Associated with Sample Rejection for CD4+/CD8+ T Cell Count Analyses at the Kenyatta National Hospital Comprehensive Care Center Laboratory, Kenya

Background: The appropriate time to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV/AIDS patients is determined by measurement of CD4+/CD8+ T cell count. The CD4/CD8+ T cell count is also useful, together with viral load, in monitoring disease progression and effectiveness treatment regimens. Several factors may contribute to sample rejection during the CD4+/CD8+ T cells count, resulting in negative effects on patient management. Objective: Evaluate the causes for CD4+CD8+ T cell count sample rejection at the Kenyatta National Hospital Comprehensive Care Center Laboratory. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between 2018 and 2020. Data was obtained from the “rejected samples” for PartecR FlowCyp flow cytometry file. Designed data collection sheet was used for data capture. A total of 3972 samples were submitted for CD4+/CD8+ T cell count during the study period. Causes for sample rejection were numbered 1 to 12, each representing a reason for sample rejection. Number 1 was sub-categorized into clotted, hemolyzed, short-draw and lipemic. Data was analyzed using excel, and presented using tables, graphs and pie charts. Approval to conduct the study was obtained from KNH/UoN ERC. Results: In the study period, 81/3972 (2.0%) samples were rejected. Samples submitted more than 48 hours after collection were mostly rejected. Other factors included improper collection technique, delayed testing, patient identification error and incorrect use of vacutainer. A combination of clotted samples, specimen submission more than 48 hours caused the most frequent sample rejection, followed with combination of specimen submission more than 48 hours, delayed testing and delayed specimen processing. Together, clotted samples, incorrect vacutainer and poor specimen label caused the least sample rejection. Conclusion: Sample rejection rate for CD4/CD8+ T cell count was relatively low, and multiple factors contributed to rejection. However, improved quality assurance will enable more benefit to patients who seek this test in the laboratory.

Sustained heavy ethanol drinking affects CD4⁺cell counts in HIV-infected patients on stavudine (d4T), lamivudine (3TC) and nevirapine (NVP) treatment regimen during 9 months follow-up period

Sustained heavy ethanol drinking is a common problem globally and ethanol is one of the most abused drugs among individuals of different socio-economic status including the HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral drugs. Ethanol is reward drug and a CNS depressant especially at high doses. The study determined the effect of sustained heavy ethanol drinking by HIV-infected patients on d4T/3TC/NVP regimen on CD4+ cell counts in Uganda using WHO AUDIT tool and chronic alcohol-use biomarkers. A case control study using repeated measures design with serial measurements model was used. The patients on stavudine (d4T) 30 mg, lamivudine (3TC) 150 mg and nevirapine (NVP) 200 mg and chronic alcohol use were recruited. A total of 41 patients (20 in alcohol group and 21 in control group) were screened for chronic alcohol use by WHO AUDIT tool and chronic alcohol use biomarkers. They were followed up for 9 months with blood sampling done at 3 months intervals. CD4+ cell count was determined using Facscalibur Flow Cytometer system. Results were then sorted by alcohol-use biomarkers (GGT, MCV and AST/ ALT ratio). Data were analysed using SAS 2003 version 9.1 statistical package with repeated measures fixed model and the means were compared using student t-test. The mean CD4+ cell counts in all the groups were lower than the reference ranges at baseline and gradually increased at 3, 6 and 9 months of follow-up. The mean CD4+ cell counts were higher in the control group as compared to the chronic alcohol use group in both WHO AUDIT tool group and chronic alcohol-use biomarkers group though there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). Chronic alcohol use slightly lowers CD4+ cell count in HIV-infected patients on d4T/3TC/NVP treatment regimen.

红细胞体积分布宽度与淋巴细胞绝对值比值在结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者中的预后价值

目的本研究旨在评估红细胞体积分布宽度(red cell volume distribution width,RDW)与淋巴细胞绝对值(absolute lymphocyte count,ALC)比值(RDW to ALC ratio,RLR)在结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma,ENKTL)患者中的临床价值,并为其风险分层提供信息。方法回顾性分析2013年4月至2022年5月武汉大学中南医院确诊的ENKTL患者的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线和Cox比例风险模型分析RLR的预后价值。通过整合RLR分别建立改良的国际预后评分(international prognostic index,IPI)、韩国预后指数(Korean prognostic index,KPI)、NK/T细胞淋巴瘤预后指数(prognostic model of natural killer lymphoma,PINK)、列线图修订风险指数(nomogram-revision risk index,NRI)模型,并通过受试者工作特征曲线对其进行验证。结果共纳入72例ENKTL患者,不同RLR水平的ENKTL患者在年龄、ECOG PS评分、IPI评分、NRI评分、LDH水平和B症状方面差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。本研究中位随访时间为43个月,Kaplan-Meier曲线显示,低RLR组(RLR<10.2)患者3年PFS率(50.6%vs.28.8%,P=0.032)和3年OS率(79.2%vs.40.8%,P=0.001)显著高于高RLR组(RLR≥10.2)。单因素分析显示,RLR≥10.2[HR=4.120,95%CI(1.643,10.333),P=0.003]、ALC<1.0×10^(9)/L[HR=3.793,95%CI(1.712,8.403),P=0.001]、RDW≥13.6[HR=2.874,95%CI(1.199,6.886),P=0.018]均与ENKTL患者OS的预后不良相关。调整化疗方案(含天冬酰胺酶)后,多因素分析结果显示,ALC<1.0×10^(9)/L[HR=3.146,95%CI(1.249,7.924),P=0.015]和RLR≥10.2[HR=3.228,95%CI(1.077,9.680),P=0.036]仍与ENKTL患者的OS预后不良显著相关。在Ann Arbor分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者中,多因素分析分析显示,ALC<1.0×10^(9)/L[HR=3.970,95%CI(1.173,13.436),P=0.027]、ECOG PS≥2分[HR=4.261,95%CI(1.219,14.900),P=0.023]是早期患者OS的独立危险因素。分层分析显示,RLR有助于ENKTL患者的危险分层。此外,整合RLR可为IPI、KPI、PINK和NRI模型提供额外的预后信息。结论ALC可作为早期ENKTL患者预后的评估指标,RLR可能有助于ENKTL患者风险分层和临床决策。

健脾益气活血汤治疗慢性持续期支气管哮喘患儿的临床疗效及对其白细胞介素-6、嗜酸性粒细胞计数及T淋巴细胞的影响

目的探讨健脾益气活血汤治疗慢性持续期支气管哮喘患儿的临床疗效及对其白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、嗜酸性粒细胞(Eosinophil,EOS)计数及T淋巴细胞的影响。方法选取2021年8月—2022年6月期间平顶山市第一人民医院收治的107例支气管哮喘缓解期患儿为研究对象,使用单纯随机抽样法分为对照组53例和观察组54例。所有患者均接受常规对症治疗,对照组在此基础上进行常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用健脾益气活血汤,连续治疗2周。观察比较两组患者临床疗效、不良反应发生情况,治疗前后肺功能指标[气峰值流速(Peak expiratory flow,PEF)、第一秒用力呼气容积(Forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、一秒率(Forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC)]、中医证候积分、气道炎症指标[IL-6、白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)、EOS计数]和T淋巴细胞亚群分布情况。结果治疗后观察组临床总有效率94.44%(51/54)高于对照组81.13%(43/53),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者PEF、FEV1、FEV1/FVC水平较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者中医症候喘息、咳嗽、咳痰、哮鸣音积分均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者IL-6、EOS较治疗前降低,IL-10较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组IL-6、EOS低于对照组,IL-10高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)较治疗前升高,CD8^(+)较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组CD3+、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于对照组,CD8^(+)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均未发生明显不良反应,血常规、肾功能、心电图等检查均无异常。结论健脾益气活血汤治疗慢性持续期支气管患儿有利于减轻喘息、咳嗽等临床症状,下调IL-6和EOS计数,减轻气道炎症反应,能够改善患儿的免疫功能,提高临床疗效,具有较好的应用价值。

基于RGB-T图像的双流残差扩张网络人群计数算法

在人群计数中,针对尺度变化、行人分布不均以及夜间较差成像条件,提出了一种基于RGBT(RGB-Thermal)图像的多模态人群计数算法,称为双流残差扩张网络,它由前端特征提取网络、多尺度的残差扩张卷积模块和全局注意力模块所构成。其中,前端网络用来提取RGB特征和热特征,扩张卷积模块进一步提取不同尺度的行人特征信息,全局注意力模块用来建立全局特征之间的依赖关系。此外,还引入了一种新的多尺度差异性损失,以提高网络的计数性能。为评估该方法,在RGBT-CC(RGBT Crowd Counting)数据集和DroneRGBT数据集上进行了对比实验。实验结果表明,在RGBT-CC数据集上与CMCRL(Cross-modal Collaborative Representation Learning)算法相比该算法的GAME(0)(Grid Average Mean absolute Errors)和RMSE(Root Mean Squared Error)分别降低了0.8和3.49,在DroneRGBT数据集上与MMCCN(Multi-Modal Crowd Counting Network)算法比分别降低了0.34和0.17,表明具有较好的计数性能。

入院白蛋白、T淋巴细胞亚群、白细胞计数预测中晚期宫颈癌化疗患者医院感染的价值

目的分析入院白蛋白、T淋巴细胞亚群、白细胞计数(WBC)预测中晚期宫颈癌化疗患者医院感染的价值。方法选取2020年1月至2022年1月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院肿瘤科住院接受化疗治疗的187例中晚期宫颈癌患者作为研究对象,对其入院时血常规指标、血液生化指标、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群指标及医院感染情况进行回顾性分析。结果有66例患者发生医院感染,感染率为35.29%,感染部位以泌尿系统为主,占53.03%,其次为呼吸系统,占22.73%。感染组患者入院WBC、白蛋白、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞比例、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞比值分别为(4.19±1.75)×10^(9)/L、(35.80±3.70)g/L、(31.49±2.78)%、1.01±0.16,均低于未感染组[(6.00±2.01)×10^(9)/L、(41.72±5.02)g/L、(35.13±2.83)%、1.44±0.29],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。WBC、白蛋白、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞比例、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞比值预测中晚期宫颈癌化疗患者医院感染的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.742、0.815、0.806、0.896,在截断值下,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞比例的敏感度最高,WBC的特异度最高。结论中晚期宫颈癌的医院感染部位以泌尿系统为主,患者入院WBC、白蛋白、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞比例、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞比值的下降可提示其医院感染风险,临床医师应对患者开展综合性的治疗前评价并采取有效的干预措施,以降低其医院感染发生率。

HIV/AIDS合并原发性肝癌声像图特征与CD4+T淋巴细胞数相关性的研究

目的:探讨HIV/AIDS合并原发性肝癌在CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数不同免疫时期病灶的超声特征。方法:回顾分析2011年1月至2021年1月我院确诊的42例HIV/AIDS合并原发性肝癌患者。根据外周血CD4^(+)T细胞计数分为<200个/μl组,200-500个/μl组,>500个/μl组。通过超声检查并记录病灶的大小以及超声声像学特征,统计分析不同CD4^(+)T细胞计数水平的超声特征。结果:42例患者中,CD4^(+)T细胞计数<200个/μl组15例,200-500个/μl组19例,>500个/μl组8例。不同水平的CD4^(+)T细胞计数间肿瘤最大直径的比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05),不同CD4^(+)T细胞计数水平的肿瘤超声的形态、边界、位置、回声、晕环征以及是否合并门静脉癌栓组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:HIV/AIDS合并原发性肝癌患者在不同CD4^(+)T细胞计数水平的病灶大小存在差异,采用彩色多普勒超声可为临床提供有价值的影像学资料,有利于对HIV/AIDS合并原发性肝癌患者的病情进展评估。

Haematology Parameters of Apparently Healthy Prospective Whole Blood Donors in a Nigerian Hospital Setting

Background: Adequate selection of a prospective whole blood donor protects his health and safety of the recipient. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the haematology parameters of apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors. Participants and Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study carried out from August to October 2020 at the blood transfusion unit of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Nigeria. A structured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. The socio demographic status and the haematology parameters of apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors who tested negative for HIV, hepatitis B and C markers were captured. Obtained data were analysed with the statistical package for the social scientist software version 20. Results: One hundred male (97.1%) and three female (2.9%) apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors were studied. The median age of study subjects was 30 years. Obtained median haematology parameter values were 13 g/dl, 40%, 4.9/nl and 203.9/nl for haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, total white cell and platelet counts respectively. The median values for the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of participants were 32.6 g/dl, 27.7 pg and 85.7 fl respectively. Observed prevalence of subnormal haematology parameters for haemoglobin concentration, total white cells, platelets were 12.6%, 25.2%, and 13.6% respectively. Also subnormal values for MCHC, MCH, MCV were 11.7%, 26.2%, and 16.5% respectively among prospective whole blood donors in this study. No higher than normal haematology parameter values were observed. Median values for erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 8.4 mm/hr. Conclusion: A significant percentage of apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors had subnormal haematology parameters values. Obtained normal values in our study are comparable with local reference range reports from previous studies in Nigeria and other parts of Africa. 124947 .

肺结核患者CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数水平与下呼吸道病原菌感染类型及耐药性的关系

目的了解肺结核合并下呼吸道感染患者CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数水平、下呼吸道病原菌构成及其耐药情况,为临床制定治疗方案提供依据。方法选取2019年6月至2022年5月南京市第二医院收治的肺结核合并下呼吸道感染者261例作为感染组,另选取单纯肺结核者162例作为单纯组,体检健康者83例作为健康人对照组。采用流式细胞仪测定3组外周血CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数,对感染组患者的痰或肺泡灌洗液进行细菌培养,VITEK-2 compact全自动微生物分析仪分析病原菌构成,并进行药敏试验分析病原菌的耐药性。结果与健康人对照组相比,单纯组与感染组的CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞数均明显降低(Z分别为2.344与7.813,P<0.05);与单纯组相比,感染组CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞数明显降低(Z=6.680,P<0.01);感染组中合并两种及以上菌株感染者CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞数低于合并一种菌株感染者,且多重耐药者CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞数低于非多重耐药者(P<0.05)。合并菌株数和耐药性均与CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞数呈显著负相关(r分别为-0.3489与-0.3545,P均<0.01)。感染组患者下呼吸道标本细菌培养共分离出病原菌314株,其中革兰阴性菌154株(49.04%),依次为肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌;真菌153株(48.73%),以白色念珠菌为主,革兰阳性菌7株(2.23%)。药敏试验结果显示,鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌对头孢替坦耐药率为100.0%;肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠杆菌对头孢唑林、头孢曲松、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星耐药率较高,对哌拉西林、亚胺培南耐药率最低,阴沟肠杆菌对妥布霉素、庆大霉素、头孢曲松耐药率较高。真菌对氟康唑敏感率最高,对制霉菌素的敏感率最低。结论肺结核患者合并下呼吸道感染时CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数较低,发生多重感染和多重耐药时CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数更低,两者呈负相关,且下呼吸道感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌和真菌为主。