A rational integration of multiple reactive centers into a combined unit to facilitate their cooperative effects is a smart approach for accelerating the catalytic activity.Here,to achieve this goal,linear imidazolium...A rational integration of multiple reactive centers into a combined unit to facilitate their cooperative effects is a smart approach for accelerating the catalytic activity.Here,to achieve this goal,linear imidazolium-based ionic polymers were confined into the nanopores of mesoporous silica nanospheres anchored with homogeneously distributed zinc salts.Owing to the flexible character and the reinforced cooperative effects of the ionic liquid(nucleophile)and zinc species(Lewis acid)in the confined mesoporous structure,the resultant composite exhibited dramatically improved catalytic performance in the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to form cyclic carbonates.This was in contrast to that observed for the individual catalytic components.Moreover,such a solid catalyst could be easily recovered and reused four times without a significant loss of activity.展开更多
Reducing the anthropogenic COemissions from fossil resource combustion and human activities has become one of the major challenges we are facing today.Beyond those practical applications for the utilization of CO,such...Reducing the anthropogenic COemissions from fossil resource combustion and human activities has become one of the major challenges we are facing today.Beyond those practical applications for the utilization of CO,such as the synthesis of salicylic acid,methanol,urea,NaHCO-NaCOchemicals and recently developed polycarbonate synthesis,scientists are still seeking new materials and technologies for efficient capture,展开更多
In last decade,the utilization of CO?resources in steelmaking has achieved certain metallurgical effects and the technology is maturing.In this review,we summarized the basic reaction theory of CO2,the CO2 conversion,...In last decade,the utilization of CO?resources in steelmaking has achieved certain metallurgical effects and the technology is maturing.In this review,we summarized the basic reaction theory of CO2,the CO2 conversion,and the change of energy-consumption when CO2 was introduced in converter steelmaking process.In the CO2-O2 mixed injection(COMI)process,the CO2 conversion ratio can be obtained as high as 80%or more with a control of the CO2 ratio in mixture gas and the flow rate of CO2,and the energy is saving and even the energy consumption can be reduced by 145.65 MJ/t under certain operations.In addition,a complete route of CO2 disposal technology is proposed combining the comparatively mature technologies of CO2 capture,CO2 compression,and liquid CO2 storage to improve the technology of CO2 utilization.The results are expected to form a large-scale,highly efficient,and valuable method to dispose of CO2.展开更多
This paper reports an experimental study on catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol, ethanol and acetic acid. Satalysts having different catalytic functions were synthesized and combined in different ways t...This paper reports an experimental study on catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol, ethanol and acetic acid. Satalysts having different catalytic functions were synthesized and combined in different ways to enhance the selectivity to desired products. The combined catalyst system possessed the following functions: methanol synthesis, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, water-gas-shift and hydrogenation. Results showed that the methods of integrating these catalytic functions played an important role in achieving the desired product selectivity. We speculate that if methanol synthesis sites were located adjacent to the C--C chain growth sites, the formation rate of C2 oxygenates would be enhanced. The advantage of using a high temperature methanol catalyst PdZnA1 in the combined catalyst system was demonstrated. In the presence of PdZnA1 catalyst, the combined catalyst system was stable at 380 ~C. It was observed that, at high temperature, kinetics favored oxygenate formation. The results implied that the process can be intensified by operating at high temperature using Pd-based methanol synthesis catalyst. Steam reforming of the byproduct organics was demonstrated as a means to provide supplemental hydrogen. Preliminary process design, simulation, and economic analysis of the proposed CO2 conversion process were carded out. Economic analysis indicates how ethanol production cost was affected by the price of CO2 and hydrogen.展开更多
Chemical looping dry reforming(CLDR) is an innovative technology for CO2 utilization using the chemical looping principle.The CLDR process consists of three stages,i.e.CH4 reduction,CO2 reforming,and air oxidation.S...Chemical looping dry reforming(CLDR) is an innovative technology for CO2 utilization using the chemical looping principle.The CLDR process consists of three stages,i.e.CH4 reduction,CO2 reforming,and air oxidation.Spinel nickel ferrite(NiFe2O4) was prepared and its multi-cycle performance as an oxygen carrier for CLDR was experimentally investigated.X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Laser Raman spectroscopy showed that a pure spinel crystalline phase(NiFe2O4) was obtained by a parallel flow co-precipitating method.NiFe2O4was reduced into Fe-Ni alloy and wustite(FexO) during the CH4 reduction process.Subsequent oxidation of the reduced oxygen carrier was performed with CO2 as an oxidant to form an intermediate state:a mixture of spinel Ni(1-x)Fe(2+x)O4,Fe(2+y)O4 and metallic Ni.And CO was generated in parallel during this stage.Approximate 185 mL of CO was generated for 1 g spinel NiFe2O4 in a single cycle.The intermediate oxygen carrier was fully oxidized in the air oxidation stage to form a mixture of Ni(1+x)Fe(2-x)O4 and Fe2O3.Although the original state of oxygen carrier(NiFe2O4) was not fully regenerated and agglomeration was observed,a good recyclability was shown in 10 successive redox cycles.展开更多
We here report a new CO_2 capture and storage method that converts CO_2 into a novel alkyl carbonate salt, denoted as CO_2 SM, by a system consisting of equimolar 1,4-butanediol(BDO) and 1,2-ethylenediamine(EDA). This...We here report a new CO_2 capture and storage method that converts CO_2 into a novel alkyl carbonate salt, denoted as CO_2 SM, by a system consisting of equimolar 1,4-butanediol(BDO) and 1,2-ethylenediamine(EDA). This novel CO_2 SM was then used to prepare BaCO_3 crystals through a simple and fast hydrothermal synthesis under mild conditions. The CO_2 SM was both the source of CO_2 and the modifier to regulate the nucleation and growth of BaCO_3 crystals. The morphology of the BaCO_3 crystals could be tuned from rod to shuttle by adjusting the key influencing factors, including CO_2 SM concentration, mineralization temperature, and mineralization time. A possible mechanism for the synthesis of BaCO_3 crystals from the CO_2 SM was also presented. After the BaCO_3 crystals were isolated, the filtrate of the hydrothermal reaction could be recycled to again absorb CO_2 and prepare BaCO_3 crystals of the same polymorph. This novel approach appears promising for preparing well-formed metal carbonates.展开更多
Current CO2 reduction and utilization technologies suffer from high energy consuming. Thus, an energy favourable route is in urgent demanding. CO2 mineralization is theoretically an energy releasing process for CO2 re...Current CO2 reduction and utilization technologies suffer from high energy consuming. Thus, an energy favourable route is in urgent demanding. CO2 mineralization is theoretically an energy releasing process for CO2 reduction and utilization, but an approach to recovery this energy has so far remained elusive. For the first time, here we proposed the principle of harvesting electrical energy directly from CO2 mineralization, and realized an energy output strategz1 for CO2 utilization and reduction via a CO2-mineralization fuel cell (CMFC) system. In this system CO2 and industrial alkaline wastes were used as feedstock, and industrial valuable NaHCO3 was produced concomitantly during the electricity generation. The highest power density of this system reached 5.5 W/m2, higher than many microbial fuel cells. The maximum open circuit voltage reached 0.452 V. Moreo- ver, this system was demonstrated viable to low concentration CO2 (10%) and other carhonation process. Thus, the existing of an energy-generating and environmentally friendly strategy to utilize CO2 as a supplement to the current scenario of CO2 emis- sion control has been demonstrated.展开更多
Steam methane reforming(SMR)-based methanol synthesis plants utilizing a single CO2 feed represent one of the predominant technologies for improving methanol yield and CO2 utilization.However,SMR alone cannot achieve ...Steam methane reforming(SMR)-based methanol synthesis plants utilizing a single CO2 feed represent one of the predominant technologies for improving methanol yield and CO2 utilization.However,SMR alone cannot achieve full CO2 utilization,and a high water content accumulates if CO2 is only fed into the methanol reactor.In this study,a process integrating SMR with dry methane reforming to improve the conversion of both methane and CO2 is proposed.We also propose an innovative methanol production approach in which captured CO2 is introduced into both the SMR process and the recycle gas of the methanol synthesis loop.This dual CO2 feed approach aims to optimize the stoichio-metric ratio of the reactants.Comparative evaluations are carried out from a techno-economic point of view,and the proposed process is demonstrated to be more efficient in terms of both methanol productivity and CO2 utilization than the existing stand-alone natural gas-based methanol process.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(201573136,21603128,U1510105)the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province(2016021034)the Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Shanxi University(RSC723)~~
文摘A rational integration of multiple reactive centers into a combined unit to facilitate their cooperative effects is a smart approach for accelerating the catalytic activity.Here,to achieve this goal,linear imidazolium-based ionic polymers were confined into the nanopores of mesoporous silica nanospheres anchored with homogeneously distributed zinc salts.Owing to the flexible character and the reinforced cooperative effects of the ionic liquid(nucleophile)and zinc species(Lewis acid)in the confined mesoporous structure,the resultant composite exhibited dramatically improved catalytic performance in the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to form cyclic carbonates.This was in contrast to that observed for the individual catalytic components.Moreover,such a solid catalyst could be easily recovered and reused four times without a significant loss of activity.
文摘Reducing the anthropogenic COemissions from fossil resource combustion and human activities has become one of the major challenges we are facing today.Beyond those practical applications for the utilization of CO,such as the synthesis of salicylic acid,methanol,urea,NaHCO-NaCOchemicals and recently developed polycarbonate synthesis,scientists are still seeking new materials and technologies for efficient capture,
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51334001,51674021,51574021,and 51734003).
文摘In last decade,the utilization of CO?resources in steelmaking has achieved certain metallurgical effects and the technology is maturing.In this review,we summarized the basic reaction theory of CO2,the CO2 conversion,and the change of energy-consumption when CO2 was introduced in converter steelmaking process.In the CO2-O2 mixed injection(COMI)process,the CO2 conversion ratio can be obtained as high as 80%or more with a control of the CO2 ratio in mixture gas and the flow rate of CO2,and the energy is saving and even the energy consumption can be reduced by 145.65 MJ/t under certain operations.In addition,a complete route of CO2 disposal technology is proposed combining the comparatively mature technologies of CO2 capture,CO2 compression,and liquid CO2 storage to improve the technology of CO2 utilization.The results are expected to form a large-scale,highly efficient,and valuable method to dispose of CO2.
基金funding for this work was provided by Ocean Ethanol LLC
文摘This paper reports an experimental study on catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol, ethanol and acetic acid. Satalysts having different catalytic functions were synthesized and combined in different ways to enhance the selectivity to desired products. The combined catalyst system possessed the following functions: methanol synthesis, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, water-gas-shift and hydrogenation. Results showed that the methods of integrating these catalytic functions played an important role in achieving the desired product selectivity. We speculate that if methanol synthesis sites were located adjacent to the C--C chain growth sites, the formation rate of C2 oxygenates would be enhanced. The advantage of using a high temperature methanol catalyst PdZnA1 in the combined catalyst system was demonstrated. In the presence of PdZnA1 catalyst, the combined catalyst system was stable at 380 ~C. It was observed that, at high temperature, kinetics favored oxygenate formation. The results implied that the process can be intensified by operating at high temperature using Pd-based methanol synthesis catalyst. Steam reforming of the byproduct organics was demonstrated as a means to provide supplemental hydrogen. Preliminary process design, simulation, and economic analysis of the proposed CO2 conversion process were carded out. Economic analysis indicates how ethanol production cost was affected by the price of CO2 and hydrogen.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51406214 and51406208)supported by the Natural science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2015A030313719)the Science&Technology Research Project of Guangdong Province(2013B050800008)
文摘Chemical looping dry reforming(CLDR) is an innovative technology for CO2 utilization using the chemical looping principle.The CLDR process consists of three stages,i.e.CH4 reduction,CO2 reforming,and air oxidation.Spinel nickel ferrite(NiFe2O4) was prepared and its multi-cycle performance as an oxygen carrier for CLDR was experimentally investigated.X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Laser Raman spectroscopy showed that a pure spinel crystalline phase(NiFe2O4) was obtained by a parallel flow co-precipitating method.NiFe2O4was reduced into Fe-Ni alloy and wustite(FexO) during the CH4 reduction process.Subsequent oxidation of the reduced oxygen carrier was performed with CO2 as an oxidant to form an intermediate state:a mixture of spinel Ni(1-x)Fe(2+x)O4,Fe(2+y)O4 and metallic Ni.And CO was generated in parallel during this stage.Approximate 185 mL of CO was generated for 1 g spinel NiFe2O4 in a single cycle.The intermediate oxygen carrier was fully oxidized in the air oxidation stage to form a mixture of Ni(1+x)Fe(2-x)O4 and Fe2O3.Although the original state of oxygen carrier(NiFe2O4) was not fully regenerated and agglomeration was observed,a good recyclability was shown in 10 successive redox cycles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21666027)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-12-1017)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2016JQ02)Key Laboratory of Coal-based CO2 Capture and Geological Storage(Jiangsu Province,China University of Mining and Technology,2016A06)the Program for Grassland Excellent Talents of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regionthe Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Key Projectstraining plan of academic backbone in youth of Inner Mongolia University of Technology
文摘We here report a new CO_2 capture and storage method that converts CO_2 into a novel alkyl carbonate salt, denoted as CO_2 SM, by a system consisting of equimolar 1,4-butanediol(BDO) and 1,2-ethylenediamine(EDA). This novel CO_2 SM was then used to prepare BaCO_3 crystals through a simple and fast hydrothermal synthesis under mild conditions. The CO_2 SM was both the source of CO_2 and the modifier to regulate the nucleation and growth of BaCO_3 crystals. The morphology of the BaCO_3 crystals could be tuned from rod to shuttle by adjusting the key influencing factors, including CO_2 SM concentration, mineralization temperature, and mineralization time. A possible mechanism for the synthesis of BaCO_3 crystals from the CO_2 SM was also presented. After the BaCO_3 crystals were isolated, the filtrate of the hydrothermal reaction could be recycled to again absorb CO_2 and prepare BaCO_3 crystals of the same polymorph. This novel approach appears promising for preparing well-formed metal carbonates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51254002 and 21336004)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013BAC12B03)
文摘Current CO2 reduction and utilization technologies suffer from high energy consuming. Thus, an energy favourable route is in urgent demanding. CO2 mineralization is theoretically an energy releasing process for CO2 reduction and utilization, but an approach to recovery this energy has so far remained elusive. For the first time, here we proposed the principle of harvesting electrical energy directly from CO2 mineralization, and realized an energy output strategz1 for CO2 utilization and reduction via a CO2-mineralization fuel cell (CMFC) system. In this system CO2 and industrial alkaline wastes were used as feedstock, and industrial valuable NaHCO3 was produced concomitantly during the electricity generation. The highest power density of this system reached 5.5 W/m2, higher than many microbial fuel cells. The maximum open circuit voltage reached 0.452 V. Moreo- ver, this system was demonstrated viable to low concentration CO2 (10%) and other carhonation process. Thus, the existing of an energy-generating and environmentally friendly strategy to utilize CO2 as a supplement to the current scenario of CO2 emis- sion control has been demonstrated.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21878028,21606026)the Chongqing Social Livelihood Technological Innovation and Application Demonstration(No.CSTC2018JSCX-MSYBXX0336).
文摘Steam methane reforming(SMR)-based methanol synthesis plants utilizing a single CO2 feed represent one of the predominant technologies for improving methanol yield and CO2 utilization.However,SMR alone cannot achieve full CO2 utilization,and a high water content accumulates if CO2 is only fed into the methanol reactor.In this study,a process integrating SMR with dry methane reforming to improve the conversion of both methane and CO2 is proposed.We also propose an innovative methanol production approach in which captured CO2 is introduced into both the SMR process and the recycle gas of the methanol synthesis loop.This dual CO2 feed approach aims to optimize the stoichio-metric ratio of the reactants.Comparative evaluations are carried out from a techno-economic point of view,and the proposed process is demonstrated to be more efficient in terms of both methanol productivity and CO2 utilization than the existing stand-alone natural gas-based methanol process.