Evolution of Voronoi/Delaunay Characterized Micro Structure with Transition from Loose to Dense Sphere Packing

Micro structures of equal sphere packing （ranging from loose to dense packing） generated numerically by discrete element method under different vibration conditions are characterized using Voronoi/Delaunay tessellation, which is applied on a wide range of packing densities. The analysis on micro properties such as the total perimeter, surface area, and the face number distribution of each Voronoi polyhedron, and the pore size distribution in each Voronoi/Delaunay subunit is systematically carried out. The results show that with the increasing density of sphere packing, the Voronoi//Delaunay pore size distribution is narrowed. That indicates large pores to be gradually substituted by small uniformed ones during densification. Meanwhile, the distributions of face number, total per/meter, and surface area of Voronoi polyhedra at high packing densities tend to be narrower and higher, which is in good agreement with those in random loose packing.

Discrete Element Method Numerical Modelling on Crystallization of Smooth Hard Spheres under Mechanical Vibration

The crystallization, corresponding to the fcc structure （with packing density p≈0.74）, of smooth equal hard spheres under batch-wised feeding and three-dimensional interval vibration is numerically obtained by using the discrete element method. The numerical experiment shows that the ordered packing can be realized by proper control of the dynamic parameters such as batch of each feeding ε and vibration amplitude A. The radial distribution function and force network are used to characterize the ordered structure. The defect formed during vibrated packing is characterized as well. The results in our work fill the gap of getting packing density between random close packing and fcc packing in phase diagram which provides an effective way of theoretically investigating the complex process and mechanism of hard sphere crystallization and its dynamics.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Thermal Conductivity in Si-Ge Nanocomposites

Thermal conductivity of nanocomposites is calculated by molecular dynamics （MD） simulation. The effect of size on thermal conductivity of nanowire composites and the temperature profiles are studied. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity of nanowire composites could be much lower than alloy value; the thermal conductivity is slightly dependent on temperature except at very low temperature.

We Are Living in a Computer Simulation

This paper posits that we are living in a computer simulation to simulate physical reality which has the same computer simulation process as virtual reality (computer-simulated reality). The computer simulation process involves the digital representation of data, the mathematical computation of the digitized data in geometric formation and transformation in space-time, and the selective retention of events in a narrative. Conventional physics cannot explain physical reality clearly, while computer-simulated physics can explain physical reality clearly by using the computer simulation process consisting of the digital representation component, the mathematical computation component, and the selective retention component. For the digital representation component, the three intrinsic data (properties) are rest mass-kinetic energy, electric charge, and spin which are represented by the digital space structure, the digital spin, and the digital electric charge, respectively. The digital representations of rest mass and kinetic energy are 1 as attachment space for the space of matter and 0 as detachment space for the zero-space of matter, respectively, to explain the Higgs field, the reverse Higgs field, quantum mechanics, special relativity, force fields, dark matter, and baryonic matter. The digital representations of the exclusive and the inclusive occupations of positions are 1/2 spin fermion and integer spin boson, respectively, to explain spatial translation by supersymmetry transformation and dark energy. The digital representations of the allowance and the disallowance of irreversible kinetic energy are integral electric charges and fractional electric charges, respectively, to explain the confinements of quarks and quasiparticles. For the mathematical computation component, the mathematical computation involves the reversible multiverse and oscillating M-theory as oscillating membrane-string-particle whose space-time dimension (D) number oscillates between 11D and 10D and between 10D and 4D to explain cosmology. For the selective retention component, gravity, the strong force, electromagnetism, and the weak force are the retained events during the reversible four-stage evolution of our universe, and are unified by the common narrative of the evolution.