QSAR Studies on the COX-2 Inhibition by 3,4-Diarylcycloxazolones Based on MEDV Descriptor

Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) might avoid the side effects of current available nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs while retaining their therapeutic efficacy. A novel variable selection and modeling method based on prediction is developed to construct the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) between the molecular electronegativity distance vector (MEDV) based on 13 atomic types and the biological activities of a set of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory molecules,3,4-diarylcycloxazolones (DAA) plus indomethacin,naproxen,and celecoxib. Using multiple linear regression,a 5-variable linear model is developed with the calibrated correlation coefficient of 0.9271 and root mean square error of 0.17 in modeling stage and the validated correlation coefficient of 0.9030 and root mean square error of 0.20 in leave-one-out validation step,respectively. To further test the predictive ability of the model,20 DAA compounds are picked up to construct a training set which is used to build a QSAR model and then the model is employed to predict the biological activities of the balance compounds. The predicted correlation coefficient and root mean square error are 0.9332 and 0.19, respectively.

Protective effect of notoginsenoside and tanshinone IIA on inflammation-related colorectal cancer mice and the inhibition effect on COX-2 expression

Objective To explore the preventive effects and possible mechanisms of action of notoginsenoside(NGS)and tanshinone IIA(TSN)in inflammation-related colorectal cancer(IRCC)in mice.Methods Eighty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to 11 groups(n=8 each group).Azomethane oxide+dextran sulfate(AOM+DSS)model control(model),NGS lowdose(l-NGS),NGS medium-dose(m-NGS),NGS high-dose(h-NGS),TSN low-dose(l-TSN),TSN medium-dose(m-TSN),TSN high-dose(h-TSN),(NGS+TSN)low-dose[l-(NGS+TSN)],(NGS+TSN)medium-dose[m-(NGS+TSN)],(NGS+TSN)high-dose[h-(NGS+TSN)],and blank groups were established.The first 10 groups were intraperitoneally injected with AOM to induce inflammatory colon cancer,whereas the blank group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.9%NaCl solution.The first 10 groups drank a 2.5%sodium DSS aqueous solution continuously from day 5 for three cycles(one cycle:five days,every three weeks),and the blank group was allowed free access to water.Drug groups were administered NGS(low,medium,or high dose),TSN(low,medium,or high dose),or NGS+TSN(low,medium,or high dose),and the model and blank groups were administered saline by lavage until the end of the experiment.The general activity,body weight,and survival rate of and incidence of adenocarcinoma in mice were detected and the expression of cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results(1)The survival rate of mice with IRCC in the h-NGS,m-TSN,h-TSN,m-(NGS+TSN),and h-(NGS+TSN)groups was significantly increased than that in other groups(P<0.05).(2)The incidence of tumors in the h-(NGS+TSN),m-TSN,and l-NGS groups was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05).(3)The expression level of COX-2 in tumor tissues of mice in the m-(NGS+TSN)and h-(NGS+TSN)groups was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion Tumor formation was inhibited by m-TSN and h-(NGS+TSN)treatments in mice with IRCC,and h-(NGS+TSN)treatment inhibited the COX-2 pathway.

次苷酸查尔酮对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞iNOS和COX-2表达的影响

补骨脂为豆科植物补骨脂(Psoraleacorylifolia L.)果实,具有温肾助阳、温脾止泻的功效[1],临床上被用于治疗皮肤病、肾炎、骨折等[2-3]。次苷酸查尔酮(corylifol A,CYA)是中药补骨脂的活性成分之一,是一种异黄酮类化合物,具有抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化、抗骨质疏松的特性[4-5]。有研究表明,CYA能明显抑制破骨细胞的分化,且能明显降低LPS诱导的巨噬细胞一氧化氮(NO)的生成[6-7]。

黑逍遥散调控p38MAPK/ATF2/COX-2信号通路对阿尔茨海默病大鼠神经炎症的影响

目的 观察黑逍遥散对Aβ_(1-42)所致阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠学习记忆能力的影响,并从p38MAPK/ATF2/COX-2信号通路介导的炎症级联反应探讨其作用机制。方法 双侧海马注射1μL Aβ_(1-42)溶液复刻AD大鼠模型。筛选造模成功的大鼠50只,随机分为模型组、盐酸多奈哌齐组(0.5 mg/kg)和黑逍遥散低、中、高剂量组(4.25、8.5、17 g/kg),连续给药42 d。Morris水迷宫实验检测定位航行与空间探索能力,HE染色观察海马神经元病理结构改变,ELISA法检测海马组织Aβ_(1-42)、iNOS、PGE_(2)表达,RT-qPCR法检测海马组织p38、ATF2、COX-2 mRNA表达,Western blot法检测海马组织p-p38、p-ATF2、COX-2蛋白表达。结果 与模型组比较,黑逍遥散中、高剂量组和盐酸多奈哌齐组逃避潜伏期缩短(P<0.01),有效区域运动距离、目标象限滞留时间百分比增加(P<0.01),海马CA1区神经元排列有序,胞体清晰,凋亡细胞减少,海马组织Aβ_(1-42)、iNOS、PGE_(2)水平降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),p38、COX-2 mRNA表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),p38、p-p38、p-ATF2、COX-2蛋白表达降低(P<0.01)。结论 黑逍遥散可改善Aβ_(1-42)所致AD大鼠的认知能力,其机制可能与阻断p38MAPK/ATF2/COX-2信号通路传导,进而减轻炎症反应有关。

COX-2在骨骼肌纤维化中的机制探究

目的:探究环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)在骨骼肌纤维化机制中的作用及其与Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的关系。方法:72只20周雄性C57小鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、干预组。采用定点击打法造骨骼肌损伤模型。正常组不进行造模,模型组和干预组进行造模处理。造模成功后,正常组、模型组给予每日1 mL生理盐水灌胃处理,干预组给予每日COX-2特异性抑制剂塞来昔布灌胃处理,剂量为100 mg/kg溶于1 mL生理盐水中。每组根据取材时间又分为3 d、7 d、14 d、21 d四个亚组(n=6)。采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测各组骨骼肌组织切片中COX-2和β-catenin的表达情况。结果:正常组小鼠骨骼肌组织中COX-2和β-catenin呈少量表达。与正常组相比,模型组COX-2和β-catenin表达均明显增加(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,干预组COX-2和β-catenin表达明显减少(P<0.01)。结论:COX-2在骨骼肌纤维化中可能通过干预β-catenin的表达来产生影响。

助孕宁Ⅱ号方调控LPAR3/COX-2/PGE2通路改善PCOS先兆流产大鼠的作用机制研究

目的基于LPAR3/COX-2/PGE2通路探讨助孕宁Ⅱ号方对PCOS先兆流产大鼠的影响及作用机制。方法36只SD雌性大鼠随机分为助孕宁Ⅱ号方高、中、低剂量组、西药(地屈孕酮)组、模型组、空白组,每组6只,除空白组外均采用胰岛素和HCG联合注射法构建PCOS模型大鼠,予来曲唑促排卵构建PCOS先兆流产模型大鼠。各组大鼠于妊娠第1天开始连续灌服不同药物干预,于妊娠第7天处死。收集大鼠血清,采用ELISA法检测药物干预前后各组大鼠血清P、E2、β-hCG、COX-2、PGE2及VEGF水平变化;RT-PCR、Western Blot法测定药物干预前后各组PCOS先兆流产大鼠蜕膜组织中LPAR3、COX-2、PGE2、VEGF mRNA含量及蛋白表达水平。结果与空白组相比,模型组血清E2、P、β-hCG、COX2、PGE2、VEGF水平均降低(P<0.01),蜕膜组织LPAR3、COX-2、PGE2及VEGF的mRNA及蛋白质水平均降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,助孕宁Ⅱ号方可提高大鼠血清E2、P、β-hCG、COX2、PGE2、VEGF,其中高、中剂量均可升高E2、PGE2水平(P<0.01),高剂量可升高P、VEGF水平(P<0.01),中剂量可升高β-hCG水平(P<0.05),高、中、低剂量均可升高COX-2水平(P<0.01)。助孕宁Ⅱ号方可增加大鼠蜕膜组中LPAR3、COX-2、PGE2及VEGF mRNA含量及蛋白表达水平,其中,增加mRNA含量上,高剂量疗效最佳(P<0.05);在增强蛋白表达水平上,高、中剂量均可收到良好疗效(P<0.05)。结论助孕宁Ⅱ号方可以改善PCOS先兆流产性激素水平,改善妊娠结局,其机制可能与调节LPAR3/COX-2/PGE2通路有关。

基于COX-2/PGE2信号通路探讨温肾消癥汤减轻子宫内膜异位症小鼠疼痛的作用机制

[目的]基于环氧合酶-2/前列腺素E2(cyclooxyfenase-2/prostaglandin E2,COX-2/PGE2)信号通路,探讨温肾消癥汤对子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMS)模型小鼠疼痛的影响及其作用机制。[方法]采用腹腔注射法建立EMS小鼠模型40只作为造模组,并随机将造模组分为EMS模型组(0.2 mL无菌蒸馏水)、温肾消癥汤组(0.2 mL温肾消癥汤浓缩液)、阳性对照组(0.2 mL阿司匹林混悬液),其他10只小鼠设为假手术组。造模21 d中,以Von Frey纤维丝实验与热板实验检测造模组与假手术组小鼠机械疼痛与热敏疼痛阈值。给药的21 d中,以Von Frey纤维丝实验与热板实验检测EMS模型组、温肾消癥汤组、阳性对照组小鼠机械疼痛与热敏疼痛阈值。给药21 d后,每天阴道涂片确定小鼠动情周期。在同一动情周期处死小鼠,并留取血清,腹腔冲洗液(peritoneal fluid,PF),内膜组织(在位、异位),丘脑,脊髓,背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion,DRG)。以酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定各样本中COX-2、PGE2、瞬时电位受体V1(transient receptor potential vanilloid 1,TRPV1)、钠电压门控通道α亚基11(sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha,SCN11A)含量。[结果]与假手术组比较,造模后小鼠足部与腹部痛阈均降低(P<0.05)。与EMS模型组比较,温肾消癥汤组小鼠给药后足部痛阈、腹部痛阈均提高(P<0.05)。与EMS模型组比较,温肾消癥汤组小鼠血清,在位内膜,PF,神经系统(丘脑、脊髓、DRG)中COX-2、PGE2,中枢神经系统(丘脑、脊髓)中TRPV1和外周神经系统(DRG)中SCN11A含量均降低(P<0.05)。与阳性对照组比较,温肾消癥汤组小鼠给药后血清、异位病灶、脊髓中PGE2含量均降低(P<0.05)。[结论]温肾消癥汤能够缓解子宫内膜异位症模型小鼠疼痛,其机制可能与抑制COX-2/PGE2信号通路的过度表达有关。

滇鸡血藤红色素的提取工艺优化及其抑制COX-2活性研究

目的:研究滇鸡血藤红色素的最佳提取条件,考察其基本性质与环氧化酶-2(COX-2)抑制活性,为滇鸡血藤的临床用药及相关制剂开发提供参考。方法:以吸光度为指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验对滇鸡血藤红色素提取工艺中的液料比、浸提时间、乙醇体积分数进行优化,确定滇鸡血藤红色素的最佳提取工艺,对提取得到的红色素光、热、pH稳定性进行考察,进一步采用COX-2抑制剂筛选试剂盒考察滇鸡血藤红色素对COX-2的抑制作用。结果:在50%乙醇、液料比为110、浸提12 h的条件下提取的滇鸡血藤红色素吸光度最大;其在室温避光、pH 1~9条件下有较好的稳定性;滇鸡血藤红色素对COX-2有较好的抑制作用,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为2.04 ng·mL^(-1)(生药质量浓度)。结论:明确了滇鸡血藤红色素的最佳提取条件和稳定性条件,可为滇鸡血藤资源的综合开发利用与临床用药研究提供参考。

獐牙菜苦苷、灵仙新苷组分配伍对RA模型大鼠血清学指标及踝关节COX-2的影响

目的探讨獐牙菜苦苷、灵仙新苷组分配伍对类风湿关节炎(Rheumatoid arthritis,RA)模型大鼠血清学指标及踝关节COX-2的影响。方法选取SPF级SD大鼠5~6周龄36只,雌雄各半。除空白组外,均采用II型胶原诱导法复制(Collagen induced arthritis,CIA)大鼠模型。将造模成功的30只大鼠按随机数字表法分为模型组、阳性药(正清风痛宁)组、獐牙菜苦苷组、灵仙新苷组、獐牙菜苦苷配伍灵仙新苷组(以下简称“獐-灵配伍组”),每组6只。给药组分别给予相应药液灌胃,模型组和空白组给予等量生理盐水灌胃,连续灌胃10 d。实验中对各组大鼠进行一般状态观察记录、关节炎评分(AI),苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察大鼠踝关节组织病理变化;酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、类风湿因子(RF)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(anti-CCP Ab)及前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量;免疫组织化学法(Immunohistochemistry)及蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测大鼠踝关节环氧化酶-2(COX-2)蛋白表达;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法(Real-time PCR)检测大鼠踝关节COX-2基因表达。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠一般状态较差,大鼠左后足趾AI评分及血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、RF、CRP、anti-CCP Ab、PGE2含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05或P<0.01);踝关节组织结构严重破坏,COX-2蛋白及基因表达显著上调(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠一般状态呈不同程度好转;AI评分明显降低(P<0.01),血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、RF、CRP、anti-CCP、PGE2含量明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中獐-灵配伍组抑制TNF-α、RF、CRP、anti-CCP、PGE2作用最为突出;獐牙菜苦苷在抑制IL-1β作用最突出。踝关节组织病理状态均有不同程度改善;IHC及WB检测结果显示獐-灵配伍组降低踝关节COX-2蛋白表达水平最为显著(P<0.01);PCR检测结果显示獐牙菜苦苷组降低踝关节COX-2基因表达最为显著(P<0.01)。结论獐牙菜苦苷、灵仙新苷及其配伍对RA模型大鼠能起到良好的治疗作用,其中獐-灵配伍组的治疗效果明显优于各单体给药组;獐牙菜苦苷与灵仙新苷具有明显的协同增效作用,其作用机制可能是通过降低炎性细胞因子的分泌,抑制COX-2蛋白活性而发挥作用。

沙利度胺对百草枯中毒大鼠肺纤维化及COX-2的影响

目的探究沙利度胺对于百草枯中毒大鼠肺纤维化以及COX-2的影响。方法选取60只雄性SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为百草枯中毒模型组(PQ组)10只、沙利度胺干预组30只、正常对照组(NS组)10只、沙利度胺对照组10只。百草枯组腹腔注射百草枯溶液22mg/kg;沙利度胺对照组腹腔注射沙利度胺150mg/kg;沙利度胺干预组按照随机数字表法分为三组,每组10只,在注射百草枯溶液后1h,分别给予注射50、100、150mg/kg沙利度胺;正常对照组注射等体积注射生理盐水。染毒后7、14、21d分别处死实验大鼠,无菌操作取肺,光镜下观察肺组织病理变化;计算肺干湿比;大鼠肺组织氧化损伤指标MDA、SOD、GSH的比较;采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-a)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6水平;RT-PCR检测NF-kB p65mRNA表达量;免疫组化法检测肺组织中COX-2蛋白的表达。结果与正常对照组相比,百草枯中毒组肺干湿比质量显著高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);沙利度胺干预组150mg/kg与百草枯中毒21d都达到顶峰,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与正常对照组相比,百草枯中毒组大鼠组织中的MDA的含量明显升高,SOD和GSH的含量明显降低(P<0.05);与百草枯中毒组对比沙利度胺干预组100、150mg/kg组大鼠肺组织中的MDA明显降低,SOD和GSH的含量明显升高;与正常对照组相比,百草枯中毒组大鼠中的TNF-a、IL-1β、IL-6的含量以及NF-kBP65mRNA表达量明显升高(P<0.05);与百草枯中毒组对比沙利度胺干预组100、150mg/kg组TNF-a、IL-1β、IL-6明显降低(P<0.05);沙利度胺干预组150mg/kg较百草枯中度组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在第21天PQ组和沙利度胺干预组150mg/kgCOX-2分别达到最高值:PQ组(0.701±0.083),沙利度胺干预组150mg/kg组(0.416±0.096。结论沙利度胺能减轻百草枯诱导的急性肺损伤和肺水肿,COX-2的表达异常可能是其病理生理变化或发病机制之一。

原发性喉癌血清COX-2 PTTG1 TLR4水平与临床病理特征及预后生存状况的关系探讨

目的:探究原发性喉癌血清环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、垂体瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)水平与临床病理特征及预后生存状况的关系。方法:选取2021年5月至2023年3月四川省达州市中心医院105例原发性喉癌患者、105例喉部良性病变患者分别作为观察组和对照组。比较两组血清COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平,多元线性回归分析血清COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平与临床病理特征的关系,随访3年,比较不同血清COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平患者预后生存率。结果:观察组COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平分别为(38.89±12.14)ng/L、(140.17±30.25)pg/mL、(13.94±3.25)ng/mL均高于对照组(17.63±5.09)ng/L、(98.49±15.63)pg/mL、(8.72±2.13)ng/mL(t=16.549、12.543、13.765,P均<0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,临床分期(偏回归系数:0.714、0.722、0.719)、肿瘤分化程度(偏回归系数:0.756、0.749、0.798)及淋巴结转移(偏回归系数:0.802、0.798、0.713)均为原发性喉癌患者血清COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平的影响因素(P<0.05);COX-2高水平亚组3年总生存率、总生存率分别为80.77%、71.15%,明显高于低水平亚组95.83%、87.50%(P<0.05);PTTG1高水平亚组3年总生存率、总生存率分别为80.39%、68.63%,明显高于低水平亚组95.92%、89.80%(P<0.05);TLR4高水平亚组3年总生存率、总生存率分别为78.85%、71.15%,明显高于低水平亚组97.92%、87.50%(P<0.05)。结论:原发性喉癌患者血清COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平均较高,且其高水平状态与临床分期、肿瘤分化程度及淋巴结转移有关,检测COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平可在一定程度上反映患者预后生存情况。

肉桂提取物调控COX-2的表达改善大鼠良性前列腺增生

目的研究肉桂乙醇提取物(Cinnamomum cassia Prsel ethanol extract,CE)对良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasa,BPH)的治疗作用及其可能的作用机制。方法分子对接初步推测CE中3种化合物对环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)和5-脂氧合酶(5-lipoxygenase,5-LOX)的结合能力。考察前列腺湿重(prostate weight,PW)、前列腺指数(prostate index,PI),并采用苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-esion staining,HE)观察大鼠前列腺组织的形态变化;Western-blot和q-PCR检测大鼠前列腺组织中COX-2和5-LOX的蛋白、mRNA表达水平。结果分子对接结果表明,CE中3种主要活性单体化合物与COX-2及5-LOX蛋白模型均有较好的结合能;Western-blot和q-PCR结果显示,CE能同时降低COX-2及5-LOX在蛋白和mRNA水平上的表达,对COX-2的下调具有显著性;PW、PI及组织病理学切片均表明肉桂能改善BPH。结论CE能够有效改善BPH,其机制可能与下调花生四烯酸代谢网络中的COX-2的表达相关。

CYP24A1 inhibition facilitates the anti-tumor effect of vitamin D3 on colorectal cancer cells

AIM:The effects of vitamin D3 have been investigated on various tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), the enzyme that inactivates the active vitamin D3 metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3), is considered to be the main enzyme determining the biological halflife of 1,25-D3. During colorectal carcinogenesis, the expression and concentration of CYP24A1 increases significantly, suggesting that this phenomenon could be responsible for the proposed efficacy of 1,25-D3 in the treatment of CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effects of vitamin D3 on the human CRC cell line Caco-2 after inhibition of the cytochrome P450 component of CYP24A1 activity. METHODS:We examined the expression of CYP24A1 mRNA and the effects of 1,25-D3 on the cell line Caco-2 after inhibition of CYP24A1. Cell viability and proliferation were determined by means of sulforhodamine-B staining and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, respectively, while cytotoxicity was estimated via the lactate dehydrogenase content of the cell culture supernatant. CYP24A1 expression was measured by realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A number of tetralone compounds were synthesized to investigate their CP24A1 inhibitory activity. RESULTS:In response to 1,25-D3, CYP24A1 mRNA expression was enhanced significantly, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Caco-2 cell viability and proliferation were not influenced by the administration of 1,25-D3 alone, but were markedly reduced by coadministration of 1,25-D3 and KD-35, a CYP24A1-inhibiting tetralone. Our data suggest that the mechanism of action of co-administered KD-35 and 1,25-D3 does not involve a direct cytotoxic effect, but rather the inhibition of cell proliferation. CONCLUSION:These findings demonstrate that the selective inhibition of CYP24A1 by compounds such as KD-35 may be a new approach for enhancement of the anti-tumor effect of 1,25-D3 on CRC.

Specific COX-2 inhibitor NS398 induces apoptosis in human liver cancer cell line HepG2 through BCL-2

AIM: To evaluate the effects of NS-398, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, on the proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. METHODS: The effects of NS-398 on the proliferation of HepG2 cells were evaluated by MTT. DNA fragmentation gel analysis was used to analyze the apoptotic cells. DNA ploidy and apoptotic cell percentage were calculated by flow cytornetry. The expression of COX-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA was identified by competitive RT-PCR. Furthermore, expression level of Bcl-2 was detected using Western blot in HepG2 after treated with NS-398. RESULTS: NS-398 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. DNA ploidy analysis showed that S phase cells were significantly decreased with increase of NS-398 concentration. The quiescent GO/G1 phase was accumulated with decrease of Bcl-2 mRNA. Whereas NS-398 had no effect on the expression of COX-2 mRNA, and no correlations were found between COX-2 mRNA and HepG2 cell proliferation and apoptosis induced by NS-398 (r=0.056 and r=0.119, respectively). Bcl-2 protein level was inhibited after treated with NS-398. CONCLUSION: NS-398 significantly inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Mechanisms involved may be accumulation of quiescent GO/G1 phase and decrease of Bcl-2 expression.

Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human HepG2, Bel-7402 and SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell lines and mechanism of cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor celecoxib-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis

AIM： To investigate the cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） expression level in human HepG2, Bel-7402 and SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell lines and the molecular mechanism of COX-2 selective inhibitor celecoxib-induced cell growth inhibition and cell apoptosis. METHODS： Hepatoma cells were cultured and treated with celecoxib. Cell in situ hybridization （ISH） and immunocytochemistry were used to detect COX-2 mRNA and protein expression. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and phosphorylated Akt were also detected by immunocytochemistry assay. Cell growth rates were assessed by 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium （MTT） bromide colorimetric assay. Celecoxib- induced cell apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and flow cytometry （FCM）. The phosphorylated Akt and activated fragments of caspase-9, caspase-3 were examined by Western blotting analysis. RESULTS： Increased COX-2 mRNA and protein expression were detected in all three hepatoma cell lines. Celecoxib could significantly inhibit cell growth and the inhibitory effect was in a dose- and time-dependent manner evidenced by MTT assays and morphological changes. The apoptotic index measured by TUNEL increased correspondingly with the increased concentration of celecoxib and the reaction time. With 50 μmol/L celecoxib treatment for 24 h, the apoptotic index of HepG2, BEL-7402 and SMMC-7721 cells was 25.01±3.08%, 26.40±3.05%,and 30.60±2.89%, respectively. Western blotting analysis showed remarkable activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and dephosphorylation of Akt （Thr^308）. Immunocytochemistry also showed the reduction of PCNA expression and phosphorylation Akt （Thr^308） after treatment with celecoxib. CONCLUSION： COX-2 mRNA and protein overexpression in HepG2, Bel-7402 and SMMC-7721 cell lines correlate with the increased cell growth rate. Celecoxib can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of hepatoma cell strains in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

选择性COX-2抑制剂联合抗血管药物对肺癌影响的研究进展

肺癌是全球男性常见癌症,大部分肺癌患者在确诊时已属晚期。对于肺癌晚期患者来说,放疗、化疗的不良反应较大,患者无法耐受;靶向药物普遍存在耐药现象;免疫治疗受程序性死亡配体-1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-L1)的表达限制;抗血管治疗的出现为晚期肺癌患者提供了更多的选择。目前,多种药物联合治疗肺癌的手段日渐成熟,抗血管药物联合化疗药物或靶向药物都取得了显著的疗效。在肺癌肿瘤生长过程中,环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)相互促进使肿瘤血管新生,所以,选择性COX-2抑制剂联合抗血管药物是否具有协同抗肿瘤作用,其抗肿瘤机制如何,本文将针对以上问题展开论述。

Anti-cancer effects of COX-2 inhibitors and their correlation wit angiogenesis and invasion in gastric cancer

AIM- To observe the anti-cancer effects of COX-2 inhibitors and investigate the relationship between COX-2 inhibitors and angiogenesis, infiltration or metastasis in SGC7901 cancer xenografts.METHODS: Thirty athymic mice xenograft models with human stomach cancer cell SGC7901 were established and divided randomly into 3 groups of 10 each. Sulindac, one non-specific COX inhibitor belonging to non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (a series of COX inhibitors known as NSAIDs) and celecoxib, one selective COX-2 inhibitor (known as SCIs) were orally administered to mice of treatment groups. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of PCNA, CD44v6 and microvessel density (MVD).Apoptosis was detected by using TUNEL assay.RESULTS: Tumors in sulindac and celecoxib groups were significantly smaller than those in control group from the second week after drug administration (P<0.01). In treatment group, the cell proliferation index was lower (P<0.05) and apoptosis index was higher (P<0.05) than those in control groups. Compared with the controls,microvessel density was reduced (P<0.01) and expression of CD44v6 on tumor cells was weakened (P<0.05) in treatment groups.CONCLUSION: COX-2 inhibitors have anticancer effects on gastric cancer. They play important roles in angiogenesis and infiltration or metastasis of stomach carcinoma. The anticancer effects of COX-2 inhibitors may include inducing apoptosis, suppressing proliferation, reducing angiogenesis and weakening invasiveness.

The Inhibition Effect of Tert-Butyl Alcohol on the TiO_2 Nano Assays Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Different Organics and Its Mechanism

The inhibition effect of tert-butyl alcohol(TBA), identified as the·OH radical inhibitor, on the TiO_2 nano assays(TNA) photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of different organics such as glucose and phthalate was reported. The adsorption performance of these organics on the TNA photoelectrode was investigated by using the instantaneous photocurrent value, and the degradation property was examined by using the exhausted reaction. The results showed that glucose exhibited the poor adsorption and easy degradation performance, phthalate showed the strong adsorption and harddegradation, but TBA showed the weak adsorption and was the most difficult to be degraded. The degradation of both glucose and phthalate could be inhibited evidently by TBA. But the effect on glucose was more obvious. The different inhibition effects of TBA on different organics could be attributed to the differences in the adsorption and the degradation property. For instance, phthalate of the strong adsorption property could avoid from the capture of·OH radicals by TBA in TNA photoelectrocatalytic process.

Lentivirus mediated shRNA interference targeting MAT2B induces growth-inhibition and apoptosis in hepatocelluar carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the effects of lentivirus vector mediated short hairpin RNA interference targeting methionine adenosyltransferase 2β gene (LV-shMAT2B) on hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS: We constructed four plasmids of RNA interference targeting the MAT2B gene. After LV-shMAT2B was transfected with L-02 cells and two kinds of HCC cells, cell viability and proliferation were measured with MTT and [3H]thymidine assays respectively. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis. The level of S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) in HepG2 cells was evaluated. The expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, bcl-xL and bcl-xS were detected with western blot. RESULTS: We constructed LV-shMAT2B successfully. LV-shMAT2B was safe for human normal liver cells. LV-shMAT2B caused dramatic reduction in proliferation compared with controls in HCC cells Bel-7402 (P = 0.054) and HepG2 (P = 0.031). Flow cytometry analysis showed that cell apoptosis caused by LV-shMAT2B was greater in HCC cells Bel-7402 and HepG2 than in control induced by scrambled siRNA (P = 0.047), but apoptosis rates in L-02 induced by LV-shMAT2B and scrambled siRNA respectively had no significant difference. Moreover, LV-shMAT2B significantly suppressed expression of MAT2B leading to growth-inhibition effect on HCC cells by down-regulating cyclin D1. Apoptosis induced by LV-shMAT2B was involved indown-regulating bcl-xL and up-regulating bcl-xS. CONCLUSION: LV-shMAT2B can induce cell apoptosis and growth-inhibition in HCC cells. MAT2B may be a therapy target in HCC in the future.

Furostanol saponins with inhibitory action against COX-2 production from Tupistra chinensis rhizomes

Two furostanol saponins were obtained from the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract from Tupistra chinensis rhizomes, a folk medicine of Shennongjia Forest District of Hubei Province. Their structures were determined as （25S）-26-O-（β-D-glucopyranosyl）- furost-1β, 3β, 22α, 26-tetrol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 4）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 2）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and （25R）- 26-O-（β-D-glucopyranosyl）-furost-1β, 3β 22a, 26-tetrol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 4）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 2）-β-D-glu- copyranoside （2）, on basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences. 1 and 2 displayed marked inhibitory action towards COX-2 production in macrophages of the rat abdomen induced by LPS at 20 μg/mL.