AIM： To clarify the effectiveness of CO2 insufflation in potentially difficult colonoscopy cases, particularly in relation to the experience level of colonoscopists. METHODS： One hundred twenty potentially difficult...AIM： To clarify the effectiveness of CO2 insufflation in potentially difficult colonoscopy cases, particularly in relation to the experience level of colonoscopists. METHODS： One hundred twenty potentially difficult cases were included in this study, which involved females with a low body mass index and patients with earlier abdominal and/or pelvic open surgery or previously diagnosed left-side colon diverticulosis. Patients receiving colonoscopy examinations without sedation using a pediatric variable-stiffness colonoscope were divided into two groups based on either CO2 or standard air insuffiation. Both insufflation procedures were also evaluated according to the experience level of the respective colonoscopists who were divided into an experienced colonoscopist （EC） group and a less experienced colonoscopist （LEC） group. Study measurements included a 100-mm visual analogue scale （VAS） for patient pain during and after colonoscopy examinations, in addition to insertion to the cecum and withdrawal times. RESULTS： Examination times did not differ, however, VAS scores in the CO2 group were significantly better than in the air group （P〈 0.001, two-way ANOVA） from immediately after the procedure and up to 2 h later. There were no significant differences between either insufflation method in the EC group （P = 0.29）, however, VAS scores for CO2 insufflation were significantly better than air insufflation in the LEC group （P = 0.023） immediately after colonoscopies and up to 4 h afterwards. CONCLUSION： CO2 insufflation reduced patient pain after colonoscopy in potentially difficult cases when performed by LECs.展开更多
Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology ofsupercritical CO_2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyzeallelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of se...Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology ofsupercritical CO_2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyzeallelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of seed germination. The results showed thatas to the available rate of allelochemicals, the pressure and temperature of extraction were themost important factors. The allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by pure CO_2 and ethanolmixed with CO_2 have different allelopathic activities to seed germination, and the allelochemicalsextracted by ethanol mixed with CO_2 had stronger inhibitory effects on seed germination than thatextracted by pure CO_2.展开更多
基金Supported by The Japanese Foundation for Research and Promotion of Endoscopy (JFE)
文摘AIM： To clarify the effectiveness of CO2 insufflation in potentially difficult colonoscopy cases, particularly in relation to the experience level of colonoscopists. METHODS： One hundred twenty potentially difficult cases were included in this study, which involved females with a low body mass index and patients with earlier abdominal and/or pelvic open surgery or previously diagnosed left-side colon diverticulosis. Patients receiving colonoscopy examinations without sedation using a pediatric variable-stiffness colonoscope were divided into two groups based on either CO2 or standard air insuffiation. Both insufflation procedures were also evaluated according to the experience level of the respective colonoscopists who were divided into an experienced colonoscopist （EC） group and a less experienced colonoscopist （LEC） group. Study measurements included a 100-mm visual analogue scale （VAS） for patient pain during and after colonoscopy examinations, in addition to insertion to the cecum and withdrawal times. RESULTS： Examination times did not differ, however, VAS scores in the CO2 group were significantly better than in the air group （P〈 0.001, two-way ANOVA） from immediately after the procedure and up to 2 h later. There were no significant differences between either insufflation method in the EC group （P = 0.29）, however, VAS scores for CO2 insufflation were significantly better than air insufflation in the LEC group （P = 0.023） immediately after colonoscopies and up to 4 h afterwards. CONCLUSION： CO2 insufflation reduced patient pain after colonoscopy in potentially difficult cases when performed by LECs.
基金This paper was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (B0010020)
文摘Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology ofsupercritical CO_2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyzeallelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of seed germination. The results showed thatas to the available rate of allelochemicals, the pressure and temperature of extraction were themost important factors. The allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by pure CO_2 and ethanolmixed with CO_2 have different allelopathic activities to seed germination, and the allelochemicalsextracted by ethanol mixed with CO_2 had stronger inhibitory effects on seed germination than thatextracted by pure CO_2.
