猪传染性胃肠炎病毒RT-CPA检测方法构建及初步应用

为开发一种猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(Transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV)RT-CPA快速且准确的检测方法。本试验根据TGEV S基因的D序列,设计了3对引物,使用构建的重组质粒作为标准阳性对照,通过优化筛选条件并应用可视化核酸试纸条,成功建立了一种一步法TGEV RT-CPA检测方法。本实验筛选最优条件为:Mg^(2+)浓度1.0 mmol/L,dNTP浓度0.8 mmol/L,Betaine浓度1.0 mol/L,BstDNA聚合酶浓度8.0 U,反应温度63℃,反应时间60 min,AMV逆转录酶5 U。本研究的扩增产物通过凝胶电泳显示出梯形条带,证明了其对TGEV的特异性检测和重复性良好,灵敏度高达10拷贝/μL。初步应用显示,该方法与TGEV抗原快速检测试剂盒的符合率超过90%,显示了高灵敏度。TGEV RT-CPA方法免去了RNA提取和cDNA合成的步骤,能够完成一步检测,且该方法不需要特殊仪器,适用于现场快速检测TGEV,为快速诊断和防控猪传染性胃肠炎提供了新的技术选择。

Motivations of Using Social Media Through Smartphones Among University Students in the United Arab Emirates

The aim of the study was to investigate gratifications of using social media among university students in the United Arab Emirates. Adopting the uses and gratification approach, the study investigates how the students utilize social media to gratify their personal, social, psychological, and educational needs. The study uses a questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 420 students from two universities in the UAE: University of Sharjah and Zayed University. In each university, two colleges were selected to represent art colleges and sciences colleges. The findings of the study show that 69.3% of the students are accessing social media more than five hours daily. 79.0% of the students access the social media through their smartphones. The main social media accessed are WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook. The main reasons of using social media are seeking information, communicating with friends, consuming time, and following up public affairs.

Does Motivation Predict Persistence and Academic Success?

This study researches the relationship between motivation and academic success as measured by the Valence, Instrumentality, and Expectancy Scale. Utilizing Vroom’s Expectancy Theory as the framework, the research assesses the responses of 375 nurse assistant students in the state of Illinois to evaluate the self-report of the constructs of Vroom’s Expectancy theory in relation to their performance on a standardized high stakes test.

Herzberg’s Motivation Theory in Workplace

In this review authors will analyze Herzberg’s motivation theory as one of the content theories of motivation.It attempts to explain the factors that motivate individuals through identifying and satisfying their individual needs,desires,and the aims pursued to satisfy these desires.This theory of motivation is known as a two-factor content theory.It is based upon the deceptively simple idea that motivation can be dichotomized into hygiene factors and motivation factors and is often referred to as a“two-need system”.These two separate“needs”are the need to avoid unpleasantness and discomfort and,at the other end of the motivational scale,the need for personal development.A shortage of the factors that positively encourage employees(the motivating factors)will cause employees to focus on other,non-job related“hygiene”factors.The most important part of this theory of motivation is that the main motivating factors are not in the environment but in the intrinsic value and satisfaction gained from the job itself.It follows therefore that to motivate an individual,a job itself must be challenging,have scope for enrichment,and be of interest to the jobholder.Motivators(sometimes called“satisfiers”)are those factors directly concerned with the satisfaction gained from a job.

Motivations of Individuals Participating in Social Media： A Cultural Perspective

Social media is an information technology that allows users to communicate and share information. With steadily rising number of users across the globe, individuals participate in various activities, like connecting with friends and community members, sharing information, posting political messages, disaster recovery activities, reading daily news, learning, and entertainment, each driven by different sets of motivations. Culture has an influence on the kind of motivation―pro-social and personal needs oriented―that drives social media usage by individuals. Using Hofstede’s （1984b） cultural dimensions, the paper suggests that each of the dimensions will have influences on the social media behaviors differently. Such a cultural perspective helps future social media users to plan the kind of activity and information sharing based on the kind of motivation driving the target audience and the platform providers to design and market accordingly.

Critical care nurses and their clinical reasoning for customizing monitor alarms:a mixed-method study

Objective:To explore the clinical rationale of critical care nurses for personalizing monitor alarms.One of the most crucial jobs assigned to critical care nurses is monitoring patients'physiological indicators and carrying out the necessary associated interventions.Successful use of equipment in the nursing practice environment will be improved by a thorough understanding of the nurse's approach to alarm configuration.Methods:A mixed-method design integrating quantitative and qualitative components was used.The sample of this study recruited a convenience sample of 60 nurses who have worked in critical care areas.This study took place at Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital,utilizing a semi-structured interview with participants.Results:The study demonstrated the high incidence of nuisance alarms and the desensitization of critical care nurses to vital ones.According to the nurses,frequent false alarms and a shortage of staff are the 2 main causes of alarm desensitization.Age was significantly associated with the perception of Smart alarms,according to the data(P=0.03).Four interconnected themes and subcategories that reflect the clinical reasoning process for alarm customization were developed as a result of the study's qualitative component:(1)unit alarm environment;(2)nursing style;(3)motivation to customize;and(4)clinical and technological customization.Conclusions:According to this study,nurses believe that alarms are valuable.However,a qualitative analysis of the experiences revealed that customization has been severely limited since the healthcare team depends on nurses to complete these tasks independently.Additionally,a staffing shortage and lack of technical training at the start of placement have also hindered customization.

An analysis of the motivational effect on employees of Maslow＇s Hierarchy of Needs in international culture circumstances

Maslow＇ s Hierarchy of Needs, which is one of the important motivation theories, has become a strategy used by managers to motivate employees. The project will explain the definition of motivation and Maslow＇ s Hierarchy of Needs from the perspective of organizational behavior and the strengths and weaknesses of the theory. Then it will consider how the theory is applied effectively in the USA and Northwest Europe and ineffectively in some developing and undeveloped countries with different economical backgrounds, political systems and cultural preferences. The conclusion suggests that managers should choose motivation systems that fit in the local cultural backgrounds.

Anderson's Motives for Exploring Man's Frustration

Man's frustration is a dominant theme in Anderson's short stories.It is the condensation of his impressions of American life.His motives for exploring the problem include:to reveal the painful experience,feeling and situation of ordinary people during the economic,social and cultural transformations of America;to remind the reader of the choking effects of outworn conventional morality and the destructive effects of modern industrial materialism;to draw the reader's attention to the emotional life of the ordinary people;and to express his own views on and attitudes toward humanity and society.

District Partisan Homogeneity, Communications, and the Electoral Motive: An Analysis of the Facebook Posts of Members of the U.S. House of Representatives

The research examines the way in which members of the U.S. House of Representative represent themselves on the social network site Facebook. Each member’s activity is observed on seven different occasions and the frequency and substantive character of posts made during the second half of 2013 are established. The focus is on position-taking posts versus posts which mention the district the member serves in. Our expectation is that members from electorally safe districts will be more likely to advertise their policy positions while members from marginal districts will be more inclined to advertise their district connections. We control for minority party status, gender, and ideological extremism among other concerns and learn electoral safety is a good predictor of both “position-taking” and “district mentions”. Consistent with an electoral motive, we also find members from the minority party less likely to take positions on the issues of the day and more likely to mention the district they serve in.

Motivating English Students in Class

Motivation plays a key role in English language learning. This study briefly discusses the main concepts on this issue and aims to present teaching implications for EFL classes in China. These implications are related to the motivation which can be inspired by appropriate tasks, the teacher＇s role and feedback.

心理需要满足感对科技领军人才公共服务动机的影响机制——社会支持的调节作用

科技领军人才是国家重大科技任务担纲领衔者,是培养战略科学家队伍最重要的后备军,有意识地发现、培养、用好科技领军人才意义重大。以314位国家级科技领军人才的一手调查数据为样本,对科技领军人才的公共服务动机影响机制进行实证研究。结果发现:科技领军人才的心理需要满足感、社会支持对公共服务动机具有显著正向影响;社会支持对心理需要满足感与公共服务动机之间的关系具有显著正向调节作用;入选“国家科技领军人才”后,科技领军人才基本心理需要满足感有不同变化,表现在胜任需要满足感增强,而自主性需要满足感、关系需要满足感可能会下降;不同类型科技领军人才渴望获得的社会支持侧重点不同,表现在科技创新领军人才更需要“组织协调”“安心科研”“亲情获得”等社会支持,而科技创业领军人才更需要“政产学研相结合”“科技成果转化”等社会支持。

“U—G—S”教师教育合作模式内在机理透析

"U—G—S"教师教育合作模式是当前国内新兴的一种教师培养模式。本文旨在从"U—G—S"教师教育合作模式的内在机理方面探讨其合作的内发动力和三方合作主体之间的关系形态,并从积极合作中凝聚三方合力,文化融合中创生"集成研讨厅",伙伴合作中实现互利共赢,多元共治中建立制度保障四个方面就如何增强"U—G—S"合作模式的持久生命力提出具体的建议,从而使"U—G—S"合作模式在多元、开放、可持续的合作过程中,实现"U—G—S"合作的"共赢"与"多赢"。

ARCS动机模式在高校体育教学中的应用

高校体育的社会化、终身化、市场化趋势越来越明显,我国普通高校体育教学目标发生了转变,本文以ARCS动机模型为基础,结合体育学科的特点,将动机理论融入高校体育课堂教学中,力求找到一系列能激发学生运动动机的教学策略,促使学生积极参加体育锻炼,达到新的体育教学目标。

(S)-2-氯丙酸脱卤酶发酵条件优化

以对(S)-2-氯丙酸有高效脱卤能力的菌株S4为研究对象,对其发酵产酶条件进行了研究。研究了各种碳源、氮源对产酶的影响,确定培养基组成为:葡萄糖10g/L,尿素0.5g/L,Na2HPO4·12H2O3.2g/L,KH2PO41.5g/L,MgSO40.098g/L。摇瓶培养优化后条件为:接种量5%,培养基初始pH7.0,培养温度30℃,摇床转速180r/min,装液量20%。

“元宇宙+电商”背景下消费者购买意愿的影响因素分析

为了完善元宇宙领域的理论研究以及帮助元宇宙电商从构想到实际应用的有效落地,本文同时对不同消费者群体(如Z世代)对元宇宙电商的态度进行初步探究,文章基于S-O-R理论,将元宇宙电商情境特征分为可视性、沉浸性、交互性和真实性四个维度作为“刺激”因素,引发“机体”内部的享乐性购物动机,最终影响消费者的购物意愿,做出“反应”。本文通过问卷调查法收集数据,并借助SPSS和AMOS对样本进行统计分析和假设检验。研究发现,元宇宙电商情境的可视性、沉浸性、交互性和真实性不仅可以直接对消费者的购物意愿产生显著的正向影响,还显著正向影响消费者的享乐性购物动机,并进一步促进消费者的购物意愿。

Enigma of Exam-oriented Education in China:A comparison on Sino-U.S.Educational Concepts in Higher Education

College English teaching in China has long been criticized for its orientation to examination that consequently brings about negative learning attitude and ineffective learning achievement.Chinese educationists have brought forward several ap proaches to solve this problem but little has been changed due to the cultural influences.This paper analyzes the roots of examoriented education system in China in perspective of culture by comparing the Sino-U.S.cultural elements in depth in tradition al culture,learning and teaching motivation,teacher-student relationship and learners'engagement in class.This paper finally poses two suggestions on how to change the current situation gradually:(1) Focus on the washback of evaluation system on edu cational concepts.(2) Transform the product-evaluation to process-evaluation gradually by standardizing the current evaluation approaches,especially the standards of process-evaluation.

On Cultural Analysis of Baldwin's Exodus

In the short story Exodus,James Baldwin sought to create a highly personal literature less with racial conflict than with the complexity of human motivations,by briefly contrasting the two processes of exodus,Baldwin achieved this kind of creation,which is to get behind the Negro problem to find the kind of reality that he really concerned:the process of struggle to bettering one' s lot.

提高再生气中H_2S浓度的方案研究

对以生物质热解气为原料的低温甲醇洗工艺进行模拟和研究,热解气主要成分为CO_2、H_2、CO、H_2S、COS和水等。采用Aspen plus对低温甲醇洗工艺进行全流程模拟,通过对比分析可知,模拟结果与实际值基本吻合。针对原工艺H_2S浓度低的问题,提出两个改进方案以提高H_2S的浓度:(1)提高气提塔的N_2流量;(2)在气提塔后添加一个闪蒸罐,气提塔塔底的甲醇溶液经过加热和闪蒸后再进入甲醇再生塔。结果表明改进方案可以大大提高再生气中H_2S的浓度。

基于S-O-R模型的在线健康社区知识共享行为影响因素研究

[目的/意义]随着在线健康社区的快速发展,人们对健康问题越来越重视,并且开始关注在线健康社区中的知识共享问题。本文将S-O-R模型与动机理论结合起来,构建一个集成模型来研究在线健康社区用户的不同种类知识共享行为的影响因素。[方法/过程]本文采用问卷调查的方法收集到249份有效调查问卷,使用SPSS24.0和AMOS23.0检验所提出的假设。[结果/结论]研究结果表明,硬性报酬对利他主义和知识的自我效能均有显著正向影响,软性报酬对利他主义有正向影响,对知识的自我效能无显著正向影响。此外,利他主义对一般健康知识共享行为有显著正向影响,对特殊健康知识共享行为有显著负向影响;知识的自我效能对一般健康知识和特殊健康知识共享行为均有显著正向影响。

Interests of Livestock Activities within Agroforestry Systems in Guadeloupe: Stakeholders’ Opinions and Farmers’ Perceptions

The Valab project (Integrated Ecosystemic value-enhancement of the Guadeloupean Forest Agrobiodiversity) is a participatory action research that aims to explore the feasibility of diversification activities within the forest understorey. In the exploratory phase of the project, we studied stakeholders’ opinions on the positive and negative impacts of introducing livestock activities within a forest environment, as well as breeders’ constraints or motivations for setting up livestock units within agroforestry systems in the private forests of Guadeloupe. To establish a diagnosis of the current situation, 51 stakeholders (St) and 49 farmers (Fr) were interviewed on their perceptions, opinions, motivations and preferences. Forty-one percent of the St has had a generally positive appreciation of livestock activities, while on the opposite 31% have had a resolutely negative posture depending on their area of expertise. Their views on the possible positive effects or negative interactions between livestock and agroforestry activities were analysed in order to suggest possible approaches for the authorities or associations. Unanimously, the farmers replied that their motivations followed economic strategies: for self-consumption or sale. But their decision-making processes were also non-economic. Many of them (36% Fr) gave importance to their activity in the construction of their identity, whether it was through a desire to perpetuate traditions or to maintain family activities. The main constraints identified were natural constraints (61% Fr), including topography, climate and predators. While 28% of Fr notified their motivations for environmental protection. Another constraint was of a technical nature (44% Fr) since farmers asked for more technical references or support services. Further researches are required to study the interactions between animals and the undergrowth by describing their respective ecosystem services in order to enhance their positive interactions.