The Identification and Modeling of the Volcanic Weathering Crust in the Yingcheng Formation of the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression, Songliao Basin

Through the analysis of core descriptions, well-logs, seismic data, geochemical data and structural settings of the volcanic rock of the Yingcheng Formation in the Xujiaweizi fault depression, Songliao Basin, and the geological section of the Yingcheng Formation in the southeast uplift area, this work determined the existence of volcanic weathering crust exists in the study area. The identification marks on the volcanic weathering crust can be recognized on the scale of core, logging, seismic, geochemistry, etc. In the study area, the structure of this crust is divided into clay layer, leached zone, fracture zone and host rocks, which are 5-118 m thick （averaging 27.5 m）. The lithology of the weathering crust includes basalt, andesite, rhyolite and volcanic breccia, and the lithofacies are igneous effusive and extrusive facies. The volcanic weathering crusts are clustered together in the Dashen zone and the middle of the Xuzhong zone, whereas in the Shengshen zone and other parts of the Xuzhong zone, they have a relatively scattered distribution. It is a major volcanic reservoir bed, which covers an area of 2104.16 km2. According to the geotectonic setting of the Songliao Basin, the formation process of the weathering crust is complete. Combining the macroscopic and microscopic features of the weathering crust of the Yingcheng Formation in Xujiaweizi with the logging and three-dimensional seismic sections, we established a developmental model of the paleo uplift and a developmental model of the slope belt that coexists with the sag on the Xujiaweizi volcanic weathering crust. In addition, the relationship between the volcanic weathering crust and the formation and distribution of the oil/gas reservoir is discussed.

Studying Some Physicochemical Characteristics of Crust Coated with White Egg and Chitosan Using a Deep-Fried Model System

In this paper, the effects of frying time, white egg (0%, 5% and 10% w/w) and chitosan (0%, 0.5% and 1.5% w/w) addition to the batter formulation on the quality of simulated crispy deep-fried Kurdish cheese nugget crusts was studied by using a deep-fried crust model. Moisture content, oil content, color and hardness of the samples were determined. Crust models were fried at 190℃ for 60, 120 and 180 s. Batter formulations and frying time significantly (p < 0.01) affected moisture, oil content, color and hardness of Crust models. Batter formulation contain 10% white egg was found to be an effective ingredient in decreasing oil content of Crust models. The mean moisture and fat content of Crust models formed with batter contained 10% white egg, fried at 190℃, for 180s were 6.207 ± 0.447 and 5.649 ± 0.394. Batters containing 5% white egg and 1.5% chitosan showed the lowest moisture content and the highest oil content among all the formulations. Crust models containing combination of white egg and chitosan were the darkest. Hardness of samples containing chitosan were the highest, specially for ch1.5 The mean hardness in 60, 120 and 180s of frying in this formulation were 21.518 ± 0.481, 36.871 ± 1.758 and 49.563 ± 1.847 respectively.

Five-Stage Model of the Palaeozoic Crustal Evolution in Xinjiang

Abstract: The great majority of the Palaeozoic orogenic belts of Central Asia are of the intercontinental type, whose evolution always follows a five-stage model, i.e. the basal continental crust-extensional transitional crust-oceanic crust-convergent transitional crust-new continental crust model. The stage for the extensional transitional crust is a pretty long, independent and inevitable phase. The dismembering mechanism of the basal continental crust becoming an extensional continental crust is delineated by the simple shear model put forward by Wernike (1981). The continental margins on the sides of a gently dipping detachment zone and moving along it are asymmetric: one side is of the nonmagmatic type and the other of the magmatic type with a typical bimodal volcanic formation. In the latter case, however, they were often confused with island arcs. This paper discusses the five-stage process of the crustal evolution of some typical orogenic belts in Xinjiang.

Finite element modeling of convective pore-fluid flow in fluid-saturated porous rocks within upper crust:An overview

Convective pore-fluid flow (CPFF) plays a critical role in generating mineral deposits and oil reservoirs within the deep Earth. Therefore, theoretical understanding and numerical modeling of the thermodynamic process that triggers and controls the CPFF are extremely important for the exploration of new mineral deposits and underground oil resources. From the viewpoint of science, the CPFF within the upper crust can be treated as a kind of thermodynamic instability problem of pore-fluid in fluid-saturated porous media. The key issue of dealing with this kind of problem is to assess whether a nonlinear thermodynamic system under consideration is supercritical. To overcome limitations of using theoretical analysis and experimental methods in dealing with the CPFF problems within the upper crust, finite element modeling has been broadly employed for solving this kind of problem over the past two decades. The main purpose of this paper is to overview recent developments and applications of finite element modeling associated with solving the CPFF problems in large length-scale geological systems of complicated geometries and complex material distributions. In particular, two kinds of commonly-used finite element modeling approaches, namely the steady-state and transient-state approaches, and their advantages/disadvantages are thoroughly presented and discussed.

A Metallogenic Model of Gold Deposits of the Jiaodong Granite-Greenstone Belt

An analysis of trace elements and isotopic geochemistry suggest that the ore-forming materials of gold deposits in the Jiaodong granite-greenstone belt have multiple sources, especially the mantle source. Seismic wave, magnetic and gravity fields show that the crust-mantle structure and its coupling mechanism are the fundamental dynamic causes for the exchange and accumulation of materials and energy in the metallogenic system. Considering the evolution history of the structural setting, the tectono-metallogenic dynamics model of the area can be summarized as follows: (1) occurrence of the greenstone belt during the Archean-Proterozoic-the embryonic form of Au-source system; (2) stable tectonic setting in the Paleozoic-an intermittence in gold mineralization; (3) intensive activation and reformation of the greenstone belt in the Mesozoic-tectono-mineralization and tectono-diagensis; (4) posthumous structural activity in the Cenozoic-destruction of orebodies in the later stage. In the middle and late Indosinian, the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone cut deeply into the upper mantle so that the ore-bearing fluids migrated to higher layers through the crust-mantle interaction, resulting in alteration and mineralization.

A multi-scale 3-D crust velocity model in the Hefei-Chao Lake area around the southern segment of Tanlu Fault Zone

Regional high-precision velocity models of the crust are an important foundation for examining seismic activity,seismogenic environments,and disaster distribution characteristics.The Hefei-Chao Lake area contains the main geological units of Hefei Basin,with thick sediments and the Chao Lake depression.Several major concealed faults of the southern NNE-trending Tanlu Fault Zone cross this area.To further explore the underground distribution characteristics of the faults and their tectonic evolutionary relationship with adjacent tectonic units,this study used ambient noise data recorded by a seismic array deployed in Hefei City and Chao Lake,constructing a 3-D velocity model at the depth of 1–8 km.Then a multi-scale high-resolution 3-D velocity model of this area was constructed by this new upper crustal velocity model with the previous middle and lower crustal model.The new model reveals that a high-velocity belt is highly consistent with the strike of the Tanlu Fault Zone,and a low-velocity sedimentary characteristic is consistent with the Hefei Basin and Chao Lake depression.The distribution morphology of high and low velocity bodies shows that the sedimentary pattern of Hefei-Chao Lake area is closely related to the tectonic evolution of the Tanlu Fault Zone since the Mesozoic.This study also identifies multiple low-velocity anomalies in the southeastern Hefei City.We speculate that strong ground motion during the 2009 Feidong earthquake(magnitude of 3.5)was related to amplification by the thick sediments in the Hefei Basin.We also discuss further applications of multi-scale high-resolution models of the shallow layer to strong ground motion simulations in cities and for earthquake disaster assessments.

Gravity Modeling for the Rifted Crust at the Arabian Shield Margin – Further Insight into Red Sea Spreading

A large variation in elevation and gravity anomaly prevails from the Red Sea coast to the interior of the Arabian Shield (AS) across the Asir Igneous Province (AIP);The Asir Mountain (AM) is developed on AIP. Here the elevation varies from 45 - 2700 m, corresponding changes in F.A. are from –30 to + 220 mgal and B.A. from +22 to –175 mgal. Regression relationships between elevation and gravity anomalies demonstrate significant changes in trend at about 400 m threshold of elevation across the pediment west of AM, at about 45 km inland of the shoreline, flanking the Hizaz-Asir Escarpment (HAE). Gravity anomaly variation along a traverse taken across HAE and AIP is interpreted here in terms of anomalous masses in crust as well as due to deeper crustal configuration. 2D gravity interpretation is, in part, constrained by surface geology, available geologic cross-sections for crust, interpretations from the IRIS Deep-Seismic Refraction Line, and to a lesser extent by the available gross results from shear-wave splitting and receiver function analysis. The gravity model provides probable solutions for the first time on geometric configuration and geophysical identification: a) for the seaward margin of the mid-Tertiary Mafic Crust (TMC) below sediment cover of the Asir pediment that coincides with the 400 m threshold elevation. This signifies an anomalous uplift at the rifting phase. Moho below TMC extends from 10 - 22 km depth across HAE and west margin of AIP, b). Thinned continental crust below the Asir margin whose upper layer coincides with a seismic reflector is at about 22 km depth, c). Rift-margin characteristic detachment fault associated with basaltic flows on top surface of TMC at its inner margin, d). Two geologically mapped low-angle normal faults dipping to the east developed between the basic rocks intruding the AIP and e). felsic pluton farther east within AS. Large scale igneous activity followed by intense deformation affecting AIP clearly owes their origin to the rifting architecture of the AS at the Red Sea extensional margin.

融合ReAct模式的图书馆大语言模型知识服务系统构建

文章聚焦大语言模型时代图书馆知识服务,以家谱知识内容为实验对象,探索融合ReAct模式的图书馆大语言模型知识服务系统构建路径。实验通过将RDF数据转化为自然语言文本构建数据集,运用ReAct模式推动大语言模型执行数据查询、多语种查询、资源检索、资源推荐和资源解读等任务,展现融合ReAct模式下大语言模型在自然语言处理和上下文理解方面的能力,实验也揭示了包括多语种问题理解上的挑战、模糊查询结果一致性、背景知识补充方面的改进空间等问题。文章对大语言模型时代图书馆知识服务的创新发展提出新视角,通过整合ReAct模式下智能系统的推理和行动能力,探索图书馆提升知识服务效能和个性化服务的新模式。

企业价值创新战略——企业转型升级模型2.0(CTU-Model 2.0)

在2016年发表关于企业转型升级模型时,将CTU-Model定义为Company Transformation and UpgradingModel(企业转型升级模型),经过几年的实践验证及相应的理论研究,在此将这个管理模型进行了升级。将之从仅仅针对于企业转型升级场景的应用管理系统升级为应用于一般企业持续成长管理的系统,称之为企业价值创新战略,又称为企业转型升级模型2.0(CTU-Model2.0)。

油气地质勘探将从烃源岩时代进入幔源油气新时代

简要梳理了人类石油勘探发展历程,分析并研究了国内外25个油田(或盆地、油区)的勘探资料,得出结论:石油地质勘探经历过的第一个阶段是背斜(构造)勘探阶段(19世纪60年代~20世纪60年代),第二个阶段是烃源岩勘探阶段(20世纪30年代至今),现在已经进入一个全新的阶段——幔源油气勘探时代。依据幔源油气理论,提出了创新的“盆-壳-幔镜像叠置成藏模式”。

低程度风化火山岩风化壳结构划分与主控因素——以准噶尔盆地西缘车排子凸起石炭系火山岩为例

为解决低风化程度的火山岩风化壳结构划分及火山岩油气储层评价与预测的难题,利用研究区28口井岩心、录井测井和地震资料,对车排子凸起石炭系火山岩风化壳的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、储层物性进行系统研究。结果表明:研究区岩石整体风化程度偏低。在此基础上提出一种将风化壳自上而下分为土壤带、水解带、淋滤带、崩解带、蚀变带、母岩带的6层划分方案。利用研究区玄武安山岩的自然电位、自然伽马、声波、电阻率4种测井数据,结合过采样算法的决策树模型对淋滤带、崩解带、蚀变带进行分类判别,准确率达87.8%。综合分析认为:低风化程度火山岩风化壳有效储层厚度、结构带发育程度、横纵向分布等具有非均质性;有利储层发育主要受古地貌和断裂作用的控制,淋滤带、崩解带是主要有利储层发育区,常分布于古地貌的斜坡地带,一般厚度在350 m以内;受断裂作用影响,风化壳有效储层厚度可达450 m。

西北干旱区藓类结皮覆盖下土壤多功能性特征及影响因子

生物土壤结皮是由干旱区重要的活性地被物组成,可显著影响地表土壤的物质循环与能量交换,改善表层土壤的物理、化学和生物学性质,从而影响土壤多功能性(Soil Multifunctionality,SMF)。藓类结皮是生物土壤结皮的重要类型之一,本研究旨在探究西北干旱区荒漠藓类结皮覆盖下土壤与裸沙的SMF差异性,探究两者SMF变化的主要驱动因素。通过分析土壤的8个干旱区关键生态系统功能指标,运用平均值法和因子分析法计算SMF,运用最小二乘回归分析和结构方程模型(SEM)等探究SMF变化的主要驱动因素。研究发现:(1)藓类结皮覆盖下土壤的单一和多功能性显著高于裸沙。(2)裸沙和藓类结皮覆盖下SMF变化的驱动要素具有差异性,裸沙SMF的主要驱动因素为干旱(Aridity)和土壤含水量(SWC),而藓类结皮覆盖下SMF驱动要素为土壤砂粒含量。(3)年均温(MAT)对裸沙和藓结皮覆盖土壤SMF的变化均呈现最大的间接效应。因此,藓类结皮发育显著增加了荒漠土壤SMF,同时也调节SMF的相关驱动因素。以上研究结果对深入理解荒漠裸沙和结皮覆盖下SMF的差异性及驱动因素具有重要意义。

火山岩风化壳储层发育模式及测井划分方法

近年来在准噶尔盆地火山岩顶部风化壳油气藏勘探获得重要发现,但是对风化壳储层结构特征认识不清,缺乏有效的测井划分方法。以准噶尔盆地中拐凸起石炭系为例,通过地质和测井资料对火山岩风化壳结构、响应机理及发育模式进行系统性分析,基于测井曲线响应特征建立风化壳指数模型,形成了一种火山岩风化壳储层结构的测井评价方法。为寻找风化壳优势储层及后期的试油射孔提供了参考,并取得了较好的应用效果,对后期火山岩风化壳油气藏勘探开发具有重要的指导意义。

幔源岩浆在地壳中分层侵位的控制因素:二维热-力学模拟

幔源岩浆在地壳内的上升和聚集样式不仅依赖于岩浆自身的性质,还取决于围岩的强度和热状态。已有数值和物理模型大多关注岩浆自身物性对其上升过程的影响,而对围岩流变强度或热状态如何影响岩浆的上升和聚集过程的研究相对薄弱,尤其是周期性的幔源岩浆在壳内分层侵位的受控因素仍然不清楚。本文利用二维热-力学数值模拟方法,通过发展多期岩浆脉冲和岩墙生成算法,研究了岩浆从深部地幔上升至地壳内部侵位的动力学过程,系统测试了地壳(围岩)地温梯度(上、下地壳的地温梯度分别以GUC和GLC表示)和地壳强度对岩浆上升过程和聚集样式的影响。模拟结果表明:(1)地壳地温梯度对岩浆的侵位深度有重要影响,岩浆侵入冷地壳(GUC=GLC=12.5K/km),岩浆主体在岩石圈深度聚集,地表的相对高差小于140m;岩浆侵入温地壳(GUC=GLC=15K/km)在下地壳底部聚集形成岩浆房,上升至上、下地壳界面,岩浆房上方的地表地形呈现中心拗陷两翼隆起的形态,地表最大高程可达3km;岩浆侵入热地壳(GUC=GLC=17.5K/km)仅在下地壳底部聚集形成岩浆房,地形演化特征与温地壳背景的情况类似,但最大高程小于1.5km。(2)在同等地壳地温梯度条件下,上、下地壳的相对强度决定了岩浆的聚集样式:下地壳的强度越弱,岩浆更易在下地壳聚集形成岩浆房;上地壳的强度越弱,岩浆更易在地表喷发。进一步分析表明:岩浆的聚集样式受地壳地温梯度与地壳流变分层性的共同控制,地壳越热且流变强度分层性越显著则越有利于岩浆在地壳中的多层级侵位;每一期岩浆脉冲的供给均会导致岩浆房内部的超压值骤增。我们的模拟结果对理解火山喷发前壳内岩浆的赋存状态及岩浆活动区的地形演化具有启示意义。

基于创新实践型人才培养的全周期实验教学模式研究——以“模拟电子技术实验”课程为例

实验教学是工科专业课程体系的重要组成部分,在培养学生的实践创新能力方面具有重要作用。基于创新实践型人才培养,研究全周期实验教学模式的构建,以“模拟电子技术实验”课程为例,构建从电子元器件认知到系统设计应用的全周期实验教学模式,促使学生从电子元器件认知到系统应用、虚拟实验到现实实验、基础验证到综合设计等全过程、多层次地参与实践与创新,全面提升学生的工程实践和创新能力,为培养卓越工程科技人才打下牢固基础。

The Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability in China:Experiment Design and Preliminary Results of CSEP2.0

Since the inaugural international collaboration under the framework of the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability(CSEP)in 2007,numerous forecast models have been developed and operated for earthquake forecasting experiments across CSEP testing centers(Schorlemmer et al.,2018).Over more than a decade,efforts to compare forecasts with observed earthquakes using numerous statistical test methods and insights into earthquake predictability,which have become a highlight of the CSEP platform.

模数一体化平台赋能下的智能高铁2.0关键技术展望

依托京张高铁重大工程,中国铁路融合应用多项数智化技术形成智能高铁1.0成套技术,并推广应用到多条新建线路。随着建造、装备、运营等领域智能化应用的不断深入,对模型、数据一体化共享和分析的需求日益迫切。分析模数一体化的内涵及关键,提出由模数汇聚层、模数存储层、模数管理层、模数计算层、模数聚合层等构成的模数一体化平台总体架构,并展望工程智能勘察及生成式设计、全专业智能施工、铁路工程数字孪生、CR450智能动车组、新一代铁路专用移动通信(5G-R)、多源信息感知、传输与融合分析的运营安全防护、基于位移的全行程智能服务(MaaS+)、区域路网的智能综合调度、动车组轮轨一体化智能维修等领跑型关键技术和多项创新型关键技术,可为数字铁路建设、智能高铁2.0科技攻关提供指导和借鉴。

“建筑技能大师工作室”赋能乡村振兴模式实践探索

“技能大师工作室”建设是新时期人才培养的重要措施之一。德国包豪斯工作坊教学模式存在的主要问题,影响了其可持续发展,而高校的“建筑技能大师工作室”针对“工作坊”的不可持续性问题,提出了多方面的改进意见,成为包豪斯工作坊2.0模式。以华南农业大学“广府古建筑技能大师工作室”为案例,结合该工作室在乡村振兴领域的研究实践,探索“建筑技能大师工作室”与乡村振兴相互促进的特色之路。工作室在包豪斯“工作坊”体系的基础上改进,突出自身的优势和特点,贯彻教学、科研、实践“三位一体”的教学理念。运用“以行促学,学科融合,扎根乡建”的教学方法,与教学体系高度结合,促进建立特色教学体系;开拓本校建筑学专业多学科交叉的新研究领域;通过不断实践培养熟悉乡村振兴的创新型人才。教学达到了学科发展、人才培养、回馈社会的教学效果,建立起高校学科与外部系统的联系,培养多学科交叉型人才,学院式研究与科普公益工作相结合。

日本浅壳与上地幔地震水平与竖向加速度反应谱比的研究

我国现行的抗震规范中将竖向加速度峰值设定为水平加速度峰值的0.65,这种处理方式有时低估了竖向地震动的作用,而有时又存在冗余度。本文选用5258条日本俯冲带浅壳与上地幔地震记录,综合考虑谱周期和场地条件的影响,研究建立水平与竖向加速度反应谱比模型,用于针对未知地震震源和路径信息的实际工程设计。研究表明:1)地震类型和场地类别对加速度反应谱比的影响都是显著的,因此在建立反应谱比模型时,需要考虑地震类型和场地类别的影响。2)本文模型场地项系数在接近每个场地类别的平均场地周期的对应谱周期上存在峰值,这与一维场地模型的场地放大理论一致。3)本文模型与BOMMER(2011)模型整体趋势相似,而BOMMER(2011)模型的R_(HV)在岩石、硬土和软土场地之间变化不大,该差异主要源自场地分类式不同,BOMMER(2011)基于V_(S 30)对场地分类,而V_(S 30)仅代表浅地表土层的刚度,难以全面反映场地基本特征。4)本文建立的R_(HV)模型应用于实际的工程设计,而非专门针对某一指定地震,所以没有涵盖震源以及路径的相关信息。但模型残差分析结果表明:当具有明确地震信息时,加入震级、震源深度和断层距离的参数来能够进一步优化R_(HV)模型。

青藏高原均衡重力异常的地震构造动力学研究

根据Airy-Hesikannen均衡假说,以CRUST2.0模型提供的密度和Moho面深度作为计算参数,计算得到青藏高原的均衡重力异常,并结合地震资料从均衡的角度对青藏高原的地震构造动力学进行了解释。研究表明,强震往往发生在均衡重力异常梯度带等值线的斜坡带、陡变带以及拐弯区上,说明地壳构造与地震的发生有一定的关系。