Multiscale Simulation of Microstructure Evolution during Preparation and Service Processes of Physical Vapor Deposited c-TiAlN Coatings

Physical Vapor Deposited(PVD)TiAlN coatings are extensively utilized as protective layers for cutting tools,renowned for their excellent comprehensive performance.To optimize quality control of TiAlN coatings for cutting tools,a multi-scale simulation approach is proposed that encompasses the microstructure evolution of coatings considering the entire preparation and service lifecycle of PVD TiAlN coatings.This scheme employs phase-field simulation to capture the essential microstructure of the PVD-prepared TiAlN coatings.Moreover,cutting simulation is used to determine the service temperature experienced during cutting processes at varying rates.Cahn-Hilliard modeling is finally utilized to consume the microstructure and service condition data to acquaint the microstructure evolution of TiAlN coatings throughout the cutting processes.This methodology effectively establishes a correlation between service temperature and its impact on the microstructure evolution of TiAlN coatings.It is expected that the present multi-scale numerical simulation approach will provide innovative strategies for assisting property design and lifespan prediction of TiAlN coatings.

Zirconium Modified Aluminide Coatings Obtained by the CVD and PVD Methods

The paper presents the comparison of the structures of the zirconium modified aluminide coatings deposited on pure nickel by the CVD and PVD methods. In the CVD process, zirconium was deposited from the ZrCl3 gas phase at the 1000°C. Zirconium thin layer (1 or 7 μm thick) and aluminum thin layer (1.0, 0.7 or 0.5 μm thick) were deposited by the EB-PVD method. Deposition velocity was about 1 ?m/min. The layers obtained by the Electron Beam Evaporation method were subjected to diffusion treatment for 2 h in the argon atmosphere. The obtained coatings were examined by the use of an optical microscope (microstructure and coating thickness) a scanning electron microscope (chemical composition on the cross-section of the modified aluminide coating) and XRD phase analysis. Microstructures and phase compositions of coatings obtained by different methods differ significantly. NiAl(Zr), Ni3Al and Ni(Al) phases were found in the CVD aluminide coatings, whereas Ni5Zr, Ni7Zr2 and γNi(Al,Zr) were observed in coatings obtained by the PVD method. The results indicate that the microstructure of the coating is strongly influenced by the method of manufacturing.

Optimization of PVD process parameter for coating AZ91D magnesium alloy by Taguchi grey approach

This study was an attempt made to explore the possibility of increasing the surface properties of the AZ91D magnesium alloy by applying ZrO_(2)coating using Physical Vapour Deposition(PVD-RF)sputtering process.In order to improve the quality of the coating,the PVD process parameter with multiple performance characteristics was optimized by using the Taguchi grey approach.L 18 orthogonal array was selected for conducting the experiments.The proposed Taguchi grey method was find out the optimal process parameter for multiple performance characteristics.The optimal combination was attained at chamber pressure of 0.003 bar,argon gas in millibar and power input of 200 W.The validation experiment result shows an improvement in the micro hardness and surface finish.Also,the performance characterizations such as SEM,EDX,XRD,coating thickness,surface roughness and micro hardness were measured at optimal process parameter.

PVD涂层刀具铣削45钢磨损机理分析

采用PVD涂层硬质合金刀具对45钢材料进行切削加工实验,研究其磨损机理。采用不同Ti, Al比例的TiAl金属靶材制备TiAlN和AlTiN涂层,同时延长AlTiN涂层时间;通过TiSi金属靶材实现Si的掺杂并制备TiAlSiN涂层,进一步提高涂层的硬度和自润滑性。结果表明,在铣削45钢时,刀具前刀面出现涂层崩缺、黏结、微裂纹和崩刃等磨损形式,刀具后刀面出现黏结层、条纹、崩刃、凹坑等磨损形式。PVD涂层刀具的磨损机理主要为黏结磨损、磨粒磨损、扩散磨损和氧化磨损。

Micro-scale Abrasion and Medium Load Multiple Scratch Tests of PVD Coatings

Micro-scale abrasion testing is widely used to determine the abrasion resistance of thin film coatings; it is a simple technique that can easily be used as part of a quality control procedure, but it has got the disadvantage of not allowing an easy study of the wear mechanisms involved: it is difficult to estimate the load applied on each abrasive particles in the contact between the loaded ball and the specimen. The possibility of using progressive loading scratch testing, a method widely used to assess the adhesion of thin film coatings, to model the abrasive wear of coatings has been studied in the past; the use of multiple scratch tests to study the wear mechanisms corresponding to a single abrasion scratch event has also been studied in the case of bulk materials (ceramics and hard metals). Two coatings, deposited by Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputter Ion Plating (CFUBMSIP) on ASP23 powder metallurgy steel substrate are chosen to be representative of the use of protective coatings in industry: titanium nitride, which is widely used to prevent tool wear, and TCL Graphit-iC?, which is widely used as a wear resistant solid lubricant coating. The two coatings are first characterised by using a standard quality control procedure: their thickness is determined by the cap grinding method, their adhesion by progressive loading scratch. Then micro-scale abrasion tests performed with a slurry at a concentration which promotes grooving wear, and medium load multiple scratch tests performed with diamond indenters are completed; the results of these tests are analysed and compared to determine if there is any correlation between the two sets of results; the multiple scratch tests wear tracks are also observed to determine the wear mechanisms involved.

Microstructure and physical properties of PVD TiN/(Ti, Al)N multilayer coatings

Magnetron sputtered (Ti, Al)N monolayer and TiN/(Ti, Al)N multilayer coatings grown on cemented carbide substrates were studied by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), nanoindentation, Rockwell A indentation test, strength measurements and cutting tests. The results show that the (Ti, Al)N monolayer and TiN/(Ti, Al)N multilayer coatings perform good affinity to substrate, and the TiN/(Ti, Al)N multilayer coating exhibits higher hardness, higher toughness and better cutting performance compared with the (Ti, Al)N monolayer coating. Moreover, the strength measurement indicates that the physical vapour deposition (PVD) coating has no effect on the substrate strength.

新型CVD金刚石涂层刀具铣削高性能各向同性石墨研究

利用自主研发的新型CVD金刚石复合涂层刀具对自行研制的高密高强各向同性石墨材料进行了铣削加工试验,对比测试了新型CVD金刚石复合涂层刀具与PCD刀具的切削性能。试验结果表明,PCD刀具铣削加工25min其后刀面磨损已超过磨钝标准0.3 mm,新型CVD金刚石复合涂层刀具加工到45 min时,其后刀面磨损量仅为0.25 mm,这说明新型CVD金刚石复合涂层刀具高速铣削石墨时表现出良好的耐磨性和使用寿命,可以适应高性能各向同性石墨的加工需求。铣削加工试验还发现新型CVD金刚石复合涂层刀具加工的石墨表面质量在初期不如PCD刀具,但在更长时间加工情况下,其加工表面质量优于PCD刀具。

Oxidation and Hot Corrosion of Gradient Thermal Barrier Coatings Prepared by EB-PVD

The performances of gradient thermal barrier coatings (GTBCs) produced by EB-PVD were evaluated by isothermal oxidation and cyclic hot corrosion (HTHC) tests. Compared with conventional two-layered TBCs, the GTBCs exhibite better resistance to not only oxidation but also hot-corrosion. A dense Al2O3 layer in the GTBCs effectively prohibites inward diffusion of O and S and outward diffusion of Al and Cr during the tests. On the other hand, an "inlaid" interface, resulting from oxidation of the Al along the columnar grains of the bond coat, enhances the adherence of AI2O3 layer. Failure of the GTBC finally occurred by cracking at the interface between the bond coat and AI2O3 layer, due to the combined effect of sulfidation of the bond coat and thermal cvcling.

Failure of EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coatings Subjected to Thermo-Mechanical Loading

Thermal barrier coatings （TBCs） were developed to protect metallic blades and vanes working in turbo-engines. The two-layered structure TBCs, consisting of NiCoCrAlY bond coat and yttria stabilized zirconia （YSZ）, were deposited on a cylinder of superalloy substrate by the electron beam-physical vapor deposition （EB-PVD）. The failure mechanism of the TBCs was investigated with a thermo-mechanical fatigue testing system under the service condition similar to that for turbine blades. Non-destructive evaluation of the coated specimens was conducted through the impedance spectroscopy. It is found that the crack initiation mainly takes place on the top coat at the edge of the heated zones.

Phase and microstructure of CVD alumina-silica coating deposited at relative low temperature

Alumina-silica composite coatings were prepared on the surface of graphite paper by CVD using AlCl3/SiCl4/H2/CO2 as precursor in the temperature range of 300 to 550℃. XRD and SEM were used to examine the phase composition and the microstructure of the coating, respectively. The results indicate that the dense, uniform and adherent alumina-silica composite coating can be prepared on graphite paper substrate by CVD at 550℃ using SiCl4/AlCl3/CO2/H2. The alumina-silica composite coating is composed of a number of spherical particles. Each particle is composed of a number of fine-particle. The phase of the 550℃ composite coating includes γ-alumina containing amorphous silica. The content of Cl element in composite coating decreases with the increase of the deposition temperature. The analysis results of morphology and growth mechanisms of the CVD alumina-silica indicate that the condensation within the boundary layer will be more likely to lead to the formation of gel-particles. The gel-particles size decreases with the increase of deposition temperature in the range of 300550℃. Surface reaction is the main path to generate deposition products at 550℃.

转子钢20Cr13表面硬质PVD涂层摩擦磨损性能分析

通过多弧离子镀与磁控溅射结合工艺在20Cr13表面分别制备CrN、TiN、TiAlCrN3种PVD涂层,研究3种涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,各类涂层均能提升基材性能,其中TiAlCrN涂层试样硬度较高(67 845 N/mm~2),CrN涂层试样薄膜结合力较高(30 N)、表面质量较优,TiN涂层试样对比另外两种涂层试样性能较差。TiAlCrN涂层试样摩擦因数较高(0.619),其硬度高、结合力好、耐磨损能力较强。在摩擦磨损试验中TiAlCrN涂层与CrN涂层表面所形成的耐磨、抛光作用的氧化膜增强了基底耐磨性能。综合考虑,TiAlCrN涂层为转子表面理想耐磨涂层。

Kinetics Growth and Oxidation Resistance of Aluminide Coatings Deposited by the CVD Method on Re 80 Superalloy

The preliminary results of research on forming the aluminide coatings using CVD method were presented in the article. The coatings were obtained in low activity process on the surface of Rene 80 superalloy. The microstructure analysis and chemical composition analysis were performed applying different values of aluminizing process parameters. The authors present in the article the results of oxidation resistance analysis of aluminide coatings which were obtained on the surface of Rene 80 superalloy using various techniques. It was shown that the coating created during the CVD process was characterized by a good oxidation resistance at the temperature of 1100℃.

Thermodynamic Analysis of the Preparation Process of EB-PVD SiC Coating

The process of preparing SiC coating by electron beam-physical vapor deposition （EB-PVD） was discussed from viewpoint of thermodynamis. Results show that within the temperature range of 2 700-3 300 K, the ratio of SiC in the SiC coating doesn＇t change much and keeps around 0.7. Purity of the as-deposited SiC coating is not high. To improve the purity of the SiC coating, the SiC ingot is required to not be, necessary in full density but be fine-grained.

Analysis of Residual Thermal Stress in CVD-W Coating as Plasma Facing Material

Chemical vapor deposition-tungsten （CVD-W） coating covering the surface of the plasma facing component （PFC） is an effective method to implement the tungsten material as plasma facing material （PFM） in fusion devices. Residual thermal stress in CVD-W coating due to thermal mismatch between coating and substrate was successfully simulated by using a finite element method （ANSYS 10.0 code）. The deposition parametric effects, i.e., coating thickness and deposition temperature, and interlayer were investigated to get a description of the residual thermal stress in the CVD-W coating-substrate system. And the influence of the substrate materials on the generation of residual thermal stress in the CVD-W coating was analyzed with respect to the CVD-W coating application as PFM. This analysis is beneficial for the preparation and application of CVD-W coating.

CVD关键工艺参数对(Ni,Pt)Al涂层高温防护性能影响

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)工艺,在不同沉积温度和沉积真空度下分别在镍基单晶合金上制备了三种(Ni,Pt)Al涂层,研究了CVD关键工艺参数对(Ni,Pt)Al涂层高温防护性能的影响。借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等表征方法系统分析了三种(Ni,Pt)Al涂层的相结构、显微组织和化学成分。结果表明:在同一沉积真空度下随着沉积温度升高,涂层衍射峰向大角度方向偏移;在同一沉积温度下随着沉积压力变大,涂层衍射峰向小角度方向偏移;随着沉积温度和沉积压力的同时提升,涂层表面的晶粒尺度呈现增大趋势,涂层厚度也随之增加;经1100℃/250 h静态氧化和900℃/100 h燃气热腐蚀性能评价后,沉积温度为1080℃且沉积真空度为300 mbar的涂层样品,其氧化动力学增重值均小于其他两种涂层样品,该工艺制备的涂层高温防护性能最佳。控制涂层表面局部位置氧化膜内显微裂纹的过早萌生与滋长行为,以及降低燃气热腐蚀诱发的非稳态氧化膜脱落残留的凹坑数量是改善(Ni,Pt)Al涂层高温抗氧化腐蚀性能的CVD工艺优化方向。

FEM ANALYSIS OF THERMAL STRESSES IN GRADIENT THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS PRODUCED BY EB-PVD

Gradient thermal barrier coatings (GTBCs) produced by co-deposition of mixtures ofAl-Al2 O3-YSZ onto metallic bond coat exhibited longer lifetimes than the two-layeredTBCs. The finite element method (FEM) numerical models were used to investigatestress and strain states in the GTBCs and traditional two-layered TBCs as they cooledto 750℃ from a stress-free state at 850℃.

Pin-on-Disc Study of Tribological Performance of PVD Coatings

This paper deals with the evaluation of tribological properties of PVD coatings which are mainly used as wear resistance coatings. The aim of the work was to compare the tribological behaviour of TiCrN and TiAlCrN coatings deposited on the steel substrate using the technology of reactive cathode vapour deposition. The dry sliding wear of coatings has been investigated against tungsten carbide (WC) counterpart. The course of the friction coefficient indicated better sliding properties TiAlCrN with value 0.605 compared to TiCrN with friction coefficient value 0.877. The depth of worn-out surface amounted to about 2/3 of the worn-out surface of TiCrN coating. The surface of the WC ball showed higher roughening after tribo test of TiCrN.

CVD和PVD超硬涂层的研究进展

综述了金刚石、类金刚石碳、立方氮化硼以及碳－ 氮超硬涂层的一些新的研究进展，并着重对４ 种超硬涂层的制备研究作介绍。

CVD与PVD硬涂层研究的进展

论述了用CVD和PVD方法制备硬涂层的若干进展，包括MT-CVD，PACVD，HVS及IBAD等，并介绍了超硬涂层发展的简况。