Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) have been shown to regulate neural regeneration after stroke.Howeve r,whether stromal cell-derived factor-1 receptor CXCR7,which is wide...Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) have been shown to regulate neural regeneration after stroke.Howeve r,whether stromal cell-derived factor-1 receptor CXCR7,which is widely distributed in the develo ping and adult central nervous system,participates in neural regeneration remains poorly unde rstood.In this study,we established rat models of focal cerebral ischemia by injecting endothelin-1 into the cerebral co rtex and striatum.Starting on day 7 after injury,CXCR7-neutralizing antibody was injected into the lateral ventricle using a micro drug delivery system for 6 consecutive days.Our results showed that CXCR7-neutralizing antibody increased the total length and number of sprouting co rticospinal tra ct fibers in rats with cerebral ischemia,increased the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and growth-related protein 43,marke rs of the denervated spinal cord synapses,and promoted the differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the striatum.In addition,CXCR7 antibody increased the expression of CXCR4 in the striatum,increased the protein expression of RAS and ERK1/2 associated with the RAS/ERK signaling pathway,and im proved rat motor function.These findings suggest that CXCR7 improved neural functional recovery after ischemic stroke by promoting axonal regeneration,synaptogenesis,and myelin regeneration,which may be achieved by activation of CXCR4 and the RAS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of small interfering RNA （siRNA）-mediated silencing of chemokine receptor 4 （CXCR4） on the invasion capacity of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y in vitro. Three siRNAs targ...This study investigated the effects of small interfering RNA （siRNA）-mediated silencing of chemokine receptor 4 （CXCR4） on the invasion capacity of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y in vitro. Three siRNAs targeting CXCR4 were chemically synthesized and individually transfected into SH-SY5Y cells. Expression of CXCR4 mRNA and protein was signiifcantly sup-pressed in transfected cells by all three sequence-speciifc siRNAs compared with control groups. Furthermore, the invasion capacity of SH-SY5Y cells was signiifcantly decreased following trans-fection with CXCR4-speciifc siRNA compared with the control groups. These data demonstrate that down-regulation of CXCR4 can inhibit in vitro invasion of neuroblastoma.展开更多
Background: Recent studies indicate that C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) and its ligand, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12), stimulate expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein Cyclin D1 in neurofib...Background: Recent studies indicate that C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) and its ligand, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12), stimulate expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein Cyclin D1 in neurofibromatosis 1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor(MPNST) cells and promote their proliferation. In this study, we measured the expression of CXCR4, CXCL12, and Cyclin D1 proteins in sporadic MPNST tissues from Chinese patients and investigated their prognostic values.Methods: CXCR4, CXCL12, and Cyclin D1 protein expression in samples from 58 Chinese patients with sporadic MPNST was assessed with immunohistochemical staining.Their prognostic values were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis and a log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors.Results: High expression of CXCR4, CXCL12, and Cyclin D1 was observed in 19(32.8%), 32(55.2%), and 16(27.6%)samples, respectively. CXCR4 expression was positively correlated with CXCL12 expression(r = 0.334, P = 0.010) and Cyclin D1 expression(r = 0.309, P = 0.018). Patients with high CXCR4 expression showed longer overall survival than those with low CXCR4 expression(χ~2 = 4.642, P = 0.031).Conclusion: High CXCR4 expression may define a specific subtype of sporadic MPNST with favorable prognosis.展开更多
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women under 60, and the second most diagnosed cancer in women over 60. While significant </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">progres...Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women under 60, and the second most diagnosed cancer in women over 60. While significant </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">progress has been made in developing targeted therapies for breast cancer,</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">advanced breast cancer continues to have high mortality, with poor 5-year</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">survival rates. Thus, current therapies are insufficient in treating advanced</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> stages of breast cancer;new treatments are sorely needed to address the complexity of advanced-stage breast cancer. Oncolytic virotherapy has been explored as a therapeutic approach capable of systemic administration, targeting cancer cells, and sparing normal tissue. In particular, oncolytic adenoviruses have been exploited as viral vectors due to their ease of manipulation, production, and demonstrated clinical safety profile. In this study, we engineered an oncolytic adenovirus to target the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. The overexpression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 is implicated in the initiation, survival, progress, and metastasis of breast cancer. Both receptors bind to the ligand, CXCL12 (SDF-1), which has been identified to play a crucial role in the metastasis of breast cancer cells. This study incorporated a T4 fibritin protein fused to CXCL12 into the tail domain of an adenovirus fiber </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to retarget the vector to the CXCR4 and CXCR7 chemokine receptors. We</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">showed that the modified virus targets and infects CXCR4- and CXCR7-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">overexpressing breast cancer cells more efficiently than a wild-type control</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> vector. In addition, the substitution of the wild-type fiber and knob with the modified chimeric fiber did not interfere with oncolytic capability. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of retargeting adenovirus vectors to chemokine receptor-positive tumors.展开更多
Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1))is a naturally-occurring mycotoxin and recognized as the most toxic foodborne toxin,particularly causing damages to kidney.Glomerular podocytes are terminally differentiated epithelial cells.AF...Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1))is a naturally-occurring mycotoxin and recognized as the most toxic foodborne toxin,particularly causing damages to kidney.Glomerular podocytes are terminally differentiated epithelial cells.AFB_(1)induces podocyte inflammation,proteinuria and renal dysfunction.Studying the mechanism of AFB_(1)-induced podocyte inflammation and murine kidney dysfunction,we detected that AFB_(1)increased ubiquitindependent degradation of the transcription factor RelA through enhanced interaction of RelA with E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif containing 7(TRIM7)in mouse podocyte clone-5(MPC-5)and mouse glomeruli.Reduction of RelA resulted in decreasing microRNA-9(miR-9)and activating the chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),thioredoxin interacting protein(TXNIP),and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)signaling axis(CXCR4/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway),leading to podocyte inflammation.We also determined that downregulation of miR-9 led to CXCR4 expression and the downstream TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway activation.Overexpression of miR-9 or deletion of CXCR4 suppressed AFB_(1)-induced CXCR4/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway,resulting in alleviating podocyte inflammation and kidney dysfunction.Our findings indicated that ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of RelA,downregulation of miR-9,and activation of CXCR4/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway played an essential role in AFB_(1)-induced glomerular podocyte inflammation.Our study revealed a novel mechanism,via RelA,for the control of AFB_(1)’s nephrotoxicity,leading to an effective protection of food safety and public health.展开更多
Chemokine(C-X-C motif)receptor 7(CXCR7),recently termed ACKR3,belongs to the G protein-coupled cell surface receptor family,binds to stromal cellderived factor-1[SDF-1,or chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand 12]or chemokine(C...Chemokine(C-X-C motif)receptor 7(CXCR7),recently termed ACKR3,belongs to the G protein-coupled cell surface receptor family,binds to stromal cellderived factor-1[SDF-1,or chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand 12]or chemokine(CX-C motif)ligand 11,and is the most common chemokine receptor expressed in a variety of cancer cells.SDF-1 binds to its receptor chemokine(C-X-C motif)receptor 4(CXCR4)and regulates cell proliferation,survival,angiogenesis and migration.In recent years,another new receptor for SDF-1,CXCR7,has been discovered,and CXCR7 has also been found to be expressed in a variety of tumor cells and tumor-related vascular endothelial cells.Many studies have shown that CXCR7 can promote the growth and metastasis of a variety of malignant tumor cells.Unlike CXCR4,CXCR7 exhibits a slight modification in the DRYLAIV motif and does not induce intracellular Ca^2+release following ligand binding,which is essential for recruiting and activating G proteins.CXCR7 is generally thought to work in three ways:(1)Recruitingβ-arrestin 2;(2)Heterodimerizing with CXCR4;and(3)Acting as a“scavenger”of SDF-1,thus lowering the level of SDF-1 to weaken the activity of CXCR4.In the present review,the expression and role of CXCR7,as well as its prognosis in cancers of the digestive system,were investigated.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81401002 (to SSZ),81801 053 (to XQZ)。
文摘Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) have been shown to regulate neural regeneration after stroke.Howeve r,whether stromal cell-derived factor-1 receptor CXCR7,which is widely distributed in the develo ping and adult central nervous system,participates in neural regeneration remains poorly unde rstood.In this study,we established rat models of focal cerebral ischemia by injecting endothelin-1 into the cerebral co rtex and striatum.Starting on day 7 after injury,CXCR7-neutralizing antibody was injected into the lateral ventricle using a micro drug delivery system for 6 consecutive days.Our results showed that CXCR7-neutralizing antibody increased the total length and number of sprouting co rticospinal tra ct fibers in rats with cerebral ischemia,increased the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and growth-related protein 43,marke rs of the denervated spinal cord synapses,and promoted the differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the striatum.In addition,CXCR7 antibody increased the expression of CXCR4 in the striatum,increased the protein expression of RAS and ERK1/2 associated with the RAS/ERK signaling pathway,and im proved rat motor function.These findings suggest that CXCR7 improved neural functional recovery after ischemic stroke by promoting axonal regeneration,synaptogenesis,and myelin regeneration,which may be achieved by activation of CXCR4 and the RAS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81272986the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2011HZ002
文摘This study investigated the effects of small interfering RNA （siRNA）-mediated silencing of chemokine receptor 4 （CXCR4） on the invasion capacity of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y in vitro. Three siRNAs targeting CXCR4 were chemically synthesized and individually transfected into SH-SY5Y cells. Expression of CXCR4 mRNA and protein was signiifcantly sup-pressed in transfected cells by all three sequence-speciifc siRNAs compared with control groups. Furthermore, the invasion capacity of SH-SY5Y cells was signiifcantly decreased following trans-fection with CXCR4-speciifc siRNA compared with the control groups. These data demonstrate that down-regulation of CXCR4 can inhibit in vitro invasion of neuroblastoma.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81372872 to Jilong Yang,81672650 to Ze Zhu,and 81402215 to Xiaoling Du)funds from the University Cancer Foundation via the Sister Institution Network Fund(to Jilong Yang)
文摘Background: Recent studies indicate that C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) and its ligand, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12), stimulate expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein Cyclin D1 in neurofibromatosis 1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor(MPNST) cells and promote their proliferation. In this study, we measured the expression of CXCR4, CXCL12, and Cyclin D1 proteins in sporadic MPNST tissues from Chinese patients and investigated their prognostic values.Methods: CXCR4, CXCL12, and Cyclin D1 protein expression in samples from 58 Chinese patients with sporadic MPNST was assessed with immunohistochemical staining.Their prognostic values were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis and a log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors.Results: High expression of CXCR4, CXCL12, and Cyclin D1 was observed in 19(32.8%), 32(55.2%), and 16(27.6%)samples, respectively. CXCR4 expression was positively correlated with CXCL12 expression(r = 0.334, P = 0.010) and Cyclin D1 expression(r = 0.309, P = 0.018). Patients with high CXCR4 expression showed longer overall survival than those with low CXCR4 expression(χ~2 = 4.642, P = 0.031).Conclusion: High CXCR4 expression may define a specific subtype of sporadic MPNST with favorable prognosis.
文摘Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women under 60, and the second most diagnosed cancer in women over 60. While significant </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">progress has been made in developing targeted therapies for breast cancer,</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">advanced breast cancer continues to have high mortality, with poor 5-year</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">survival rates. Thus, current therapies are insufficient in treating advanced</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> stages of breast cancer;new treatments are sorely needed to address the complexity of advanced-stage breast cancer. Oncolytic virotherapy has been explored as a therapeutic approach capable of systemic administration, targeting cancer cells, and sparing normal tissue. In particular, oncolytic adenoviruses have been exploited as viral vectors due to their ease of manipulation, production, and demonstrated clinical safety profile. In this study, we engineered an oncolytic adenovirus to target the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. The overexpression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 is implicated in the initiation, survival, progress, and metastasis of breast cancer. Both receptors bind to the ligand, CXCL12 (SDF-1), which has been identified to play a crucial role in the metastasis of breast cancer cells. This study incorporated a T4 fibritin protein fused to CXCL12 into the tail domain of an adenovirus fiber </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to retarget the vector to the CXCR4 and CXCR7 chemokine receptors. We</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">showed that the modified virus targets and infects CXCR4- and CXCR7-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">overexpressing breast cancer cells more efficiently than a wild-type control</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> vector. In addition, the substitution of the wild-type fiber and knob with the modified chimeric fiber did not interfere with oncolytic capability. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of retargeting adenovirus vectors to chemokine receptor-positive tumors.
基金funded by Suzhou Science and Technology Council(SNG201907)Universities Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(20KJB330002)+6 种基金General Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711369)the Startup Funding of Soochow University,Jiangsu Province-Suzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(SL T201917)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172922,31972741)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20211216,BK20221091)the Startup Funding of Hefei University of Technology(1302003712022058)China-CEEC Joint University Education Project(202010)the Excellence Project PrF UHK(2217/2022-2023)。
文摘Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1))is a naturally-occurring mycotoxin and recognized as the most toxic foodborne toxin,particularly causing damages to kidney.Glomerular podocytes are terminally differentiated epithelial cells.AFB_(1)induces podocyte inflammation,proteinuria and renal dysfunction.Studying the mechanism of AFB_(1)-induced podocyte inflammation and murine kidney dysfunction,we detected that AFB_(1)increased ubiquitindependent degradation of the transcription factor RelA through enhanced interaction of RelA with E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif containing 7(TRIM7)in mouse podocyte clone-5(MPC-5)and mouse glomeruli.Reduction of RelA resulted in decreasing microRNA-9(miR-9)and activating the chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),thioredoxin interacting protein(TXNIP),and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)signaling axis(CXCR4/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway),leading to podocyte inflammation.We also determined that downregulation of miR-9 led to CXCR4 expression and the downstream TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway activation.Overexpression of miR-9 or deletion of CXCR4 suppressed AFB_(1)-induced CXCR4/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway,resulting in alleviating podocyte inflammation and kidney dysfunction.Our findings indicated that ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of RelA,downregulation of miR-9,and activation of CXCR4/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway played an essential role in AFB_(1)-induced glomerular podocyte inflammation.Our study revealed a novel mechanism,via RelA,for the control of AFB_(1)’s nephrotoxicity,leading to an effective protection of food safety and public health.
基金Supported by Key Projects of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation,No.19JCZDJC36100General Project of Natural Science Fund of Tianjin Education Commission,No.2018KJ047+1 种基金Subject in the Third Affiliated Central Hospital of Nankai University,No.2017YNY3Tianjin Key Special Projects,No.15KG115。
文摘Chemokine(C-X-C motif)receptor 7(CXCR7),recently termed ACKR3,belongs to the G protein-coupled cell surface receptor family,binds to stromal cellderived factor-1[SDF-1,or chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand 12]or chemokine(CX-C motif)ligand 11,and is the most common chemokine receptor expressed in a variety of cancer cells.SDF-1 binds to its receptor chemokine(C-X-C motif)receptor 4(CXCR4)and regulates cell proliferation,survival,angiogenesis and migration.In recent years,another new receptor for SDF-1,CXCR7,has been discovered,and CXCR7 has also been found to be expressed in a variety of tumor cells and tumor-related vascular endothelial cells.Many studies have shown that CXCR7 can promote the growth and metastasis of a variety of malignant tumor cells.Unlike CXCR4,CXCR7 exhibits a slight modification in the DRYLAIV motif and does not induce intracellular Ca^2+release following ligand binding,which is essential for recruiting and activating G proteins.CXCR7 is generally thought to work in three ways:(1)Recruitingβ-arrestin 2;(2)Heterodimerizing with CXCR4;and(3)Acting as a“scavenger”of SDF-1,thus lowering the level of SDF-1 to weaken the activity of CXCR4.In the present review,the expression and role of CXCR7,as well as its prognosis in cancers of the digestive system,were investigated.
