Relationship of Intracellular Free Ca^(2+) Concentration and Calcium-activated Chloride Channels of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells in Rats under Hypoxic Conditions

To investigate the relationship between intracellular free Ca^2＋ concentration （[Ca^2＋ ]i ） and calcium-activated chloride （Clca） channels of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells （PASMCs） in rats under acute and chronic hypoxic conditions, acute hypoxia-induced contraction was observed in rat pulmonary artery by using routine blood vascular perfusion in vitro. The fluorescence Ca^2＋ indicator Fura-2/AM was used to observe [Ca^2＋ ]i of rat PASMCs under normal and chronic hypoxic condition. The effect of Clca channels on PASMCs proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The Clca channel blockers niflumic acid （NFA） and indaryloxyacetic acid （IAA-94） exerted inhibitory effects on acute hypoxia-evoked contractions in the pulmonary artery. Under chronic hypoxic condition, [Ca^2＋ ]i was increased. Under normoxic condition, [Ca^2＋ If was （123.634-18.98） nmol/ L, and in hypoxic condition, [Ca^2＋]i wag （281. 754-16.48） nmol/L （P〈0. 01）. Under normoxic condition, [Ca^2＋ ]i showed no significant change and no effect on Clca channels was observed （P〉 0. 05）. Chronic hypoxia increased [Ca^2＋ ]i which opened Clca channels. The NFA and IAA-94 blocked the channels and decreased [Ca^2＋ ]i from （281.75± 16.48） nmot/L to （117.66 ±15.36） nmol/L （P〈0.01）. MTT assay showed that under chronic hypoxic condition NFA and IAA-94 decreased the value of absorbency （A value） from 0. 459±0. 058 to 0. 224±0. 025 （P〈0. 01）. Hypoxia increased [Ca^2＋ ]i which opened Cl~ channels and had a positive-feedback in [Ca^2＋ ]i. This may play an important role in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Under chronic hypoxic condition, Clca channel may play a part in the regulation of proliferation of PASMCs.

Inhibitory actions of mibefradil on steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells： involvement of Ca^2＋ entry via the T-type Ca^2＋ channel

Intracellular cAMP and Ca^2＋ are involved in the regulation of steroidogenic activity in Leydig cells, which coordinate responses to luteinizing hormone （LH） and human ehorionic gonadotropin （hCG）. However, the identification of Ca^2＋ entry implicated in Leydig cell steroidogenesis is not well defined. The objective of this study was to identify the type of Ca^2＋ channel that affects Leydig cell steroidogenesis. In vitro steroidogenesis in the freshly dissociated Leydig cells of mice was induced by hCG incubation. The effects of mibefradil （a putative T-type Ca^2＋ channel blocker） on steroidogenesis were assessed using reverse transcription （RT）-polymerase chain reaction analysis for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein （STAR） mRNA expression and testosterone production using radioimmunoassay. In the presence of 1.0 mmol L-1 extracellular Ca^2＋, hCG at 1 to 100 IU noticeably elevated both StAR mRNA level and testosterone secretion （P 〈 0.05）, and the stimulatory effects of hCG were markedly diminished by mibefradil in a dose-dependent manner （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover; the hCG-induced increase in testosterone production was completely removed when external Ca^2＋ was omitted, implying that Ca entry is needed for hCG-induced steroidogenesis. Furthermore, a patch-clamp study revealed the presence of mibefradil-sensitive Ca^24- currents seen at a concentration range that nearly paralleled those inhibiting steroidogenesis. Collectively, Our data provide evidence that hCG-stimulated steroidogenesis is mediated at least in part by Ca^2＋ entry carried out by the T-type Ca^2＋ channel in the Leydig cells of mice.

Isoprenylated Flavonoids as Cav3.1 Low Voltage-Gated Ca^(2+)Channel Inhibitors from Salvia digitaloides

Saldigones A-C(1,3,4),three new isoprenylated flavonoids with diverse flavanone,pterocarpan,and isoflavanone architec-tures,were characterized from the roots of Salvia digitaloides,together with a known isoprenylated flavanone(2).Notably,it’s the first report of isoprenylated flavonoids from Salvia species.The structures of these isolates were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis.All of the compounds were evaluated for their activities on Cav3.1 low voltage-gated Ca^(2+)channel(LVGCC),of which 2 strongly and dose-dependently inhibited Cav3.1 peak current.

三七皂甙单体Rb_1对心肌细胞Ca^（2＋）内流作用的研究

应用Ｆｕｒａ－２荧光技术及放射配基结合实验探讨三七皂甙单体Ｒｂ１对心肌细胞胞外Ｃａ２＋内流的作用。０．０４ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１Ｒｂ１可以抑制高钾引起的大鼠心肌细胞胞浆Ｃａ２＋浓度的升高，且呈浓度依赖性；可以完全阻断高钾基础上的异丙肾上腺素的作用。其作用与钙通道拮抗剂维拉帕米类似。Ｒｂ１对大鼠心肌细胞膜上β受体亲和力和受体数均无明显影响。结果提示：Ｒｂ１对心肌细胞电压依赖性钙通道开放引起的胞内钙升高有抑制作用；对β受体相关联的钙通道开放引起的胞浆Ｃａ２＋升高也有抑制作用。而不影响β受体本身。

萘甲异喹对大鼠心肌细胞Ca^(2+)内流的影响

目的研究萘甲异喹（NI）对大鼠心肌细胞外Ca(2+)内流的影响。方法：应用钙离子荧光指示剂Fura－2检测。结果：NI（3，10μmol·L(-1)）和维拉帕米（0．3μmol·L(－1)）对静息状态下心肌细胞内Ca(2+)浓度无影响，但可浓度依赖地抑制高钾（60mmol·L(-1)）和异丙肾上腺素（lμmol·L(－1)）引起的心肌细胞内Ca(2+)浓度的升高，抑制率分别为29％±6％、49％±9％和26％±6％、40％±8％；NI对两种激动剂作用的抑制百分率无明显差异，而维拉帕米对高钾作用的抑制大于对异丙肾上腺素作用的抑制。结论：NI对心肌细胞电压依赖性钙通道以及和β受体有关的钙通道有阻断作用，NI可能是非选择性钙通道阻滞剂。

甜菜碱通过钙通道升高鼠脾淋巴细胞内[Ca^(2+)]i研究

研究甜菜碱对小鼠脾淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度的变化及相关钙通道的研究.应用激光共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)测小鼠脾淋巴细胞内钙浓度的变化,应用不同钙通道阻滞剂研究甜菜碱影响细胞内钙浓度变化途径.对终浓度4 mmol/L甜菜碱作用淋巴细胞不同时间的细胞内钙离子浓度值分析表明:甜菜碱可以使淋巴细胞内Ca2+浓度升高,6 h后效果最明显;对加入不同阻滞剂细胞内钙离子浓度变化分析表明:钙通道及蛋白阻滞剂硝苯地平、地尔硫卓、咪贝地尔、金雀异黄素对甜菜碱升高淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度没有影响;维拉帕米、新霉素、肝素、普鲁卡因能阻断甜菜碱对淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度的升高作用.由此可知:细胞内钙离子浓度升高主要通过以下途径:在G蛋白介导下通过影响L-型电压门控钙通道的α1亚单位而引起外钙内流;通过影响胞内钙库的IP3R钙通道和RyR钙通道而引起内钙外排.其共同引起胞质钙离子浓度增加.

Cl^-通道阻断剂对5-HT和CPA引起的兔脑椎基底动脉平滑肌细胞Ca^(2+)内流的影响

目的 在培养的兔脑椎基底动脉平滑肌细胞上观察5 HT和CPA诱导的Ca2 + 内流的特性 ,电压依赖性Ca2 + 通道 (VDC)抑制药尼莫地平 ,非电压依赖性Ca2 + 通道抑制药SK&F963 65及Cl-通道阻断剂DIDS、NPPB对两种激动剂引起 [Ca2 + ]i 反应的影响 ,以探讨脑血管平滑肌细胞中 5 HT引起Ca2 + 内流的特性、Cl-通道与Ca2 + 内流的关系。方法 采用生物荧光双波长影像分析系统瞬即测定单细胞胞质[Ca2 + ]i 技术。结果 ① 5 HT和CPA均能诱导平滑肌细胞[Ca2 + ]i 呈双相升高 ,并且 5 HT诱导的Ca2 + 释放是环匹阿尼酸 (CPA)敏感Ca2 + 池的一部分 ;②尼莫地平对 5 HT和CPA触发的Ca2 + 内流无明显影响 ,而SK&F963 65可阻止二者触发的Ca2 + 内流 ;③Cl-通道阻断剂DIDS、NPPB呈浓度依赖性抑制Ca2 + 内流 ,在SK&F963 65最大限度抑制Ca2 + 内流后 ,DIDS、NPPB可进一步抑制Ca2 + 内流 ;而Ca2 +内流被DIDS、NPPB分别最大抑制后 ,SK&F963 65也可进一步抑制Ca2 + 内流。结论 5 HT引起的Ca2 + 内流是经SK&F963 65敏感的非VDC ,其中包含Ca2 + 释放引起的Ca2 + 内流 (CRAC)成分与非CRAC成分 ,并且这两部分Ca2 +内流均与DIDS。

细胞Ca^（2＋）通道阻断剂对腮腺腺细胞蛋白分泌的影响

采用Ｌ－型电压启动的Ｃａ２＋通道阻断剂，研究激活的培养腮腺腺细胞ｃａ＋代谢途径。结果显示：β－肾上腺素能受体激活后，α－淀粉酶、富含脯氨酸蛋白（ＰＲＰ）表达升高，但不受Ｌ－型电压启动的ｃａ２＋通道阻断剂影响。研究表明，培养的腮腺腺细胞保留了β－肾上腺素能全体，具备分泌调节功能，激活的腮腺腺细胞细胞外Ｃａ２＋流入并非通过Ｌ－型电压启动的Ｃａ２＋通道。

苄普地尔对大鼠心肌质膜Ca^（2＋），Mg^（2＋）－ATP酶的非竞争抑制作用

钙通道阻滞剂苄普地尔在体外非竞争性抑制大鼠心肌质膜Ｃａ^（２＋），Ｍｇ^（２＋）－ＡＴＰ酶，抑制常数Ｋｉ＝４３．０±１．３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，半数抑制浓度ＩＣ５０＝６７±６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，表明其钙泵和或钙调素拮抗作用较维拉帕米强。

New insight into Ca^(2+)-permeable channel in plant immunity

Calcium ions(Ca^(2+)) are crucial intracellular second messengers in eukaryotic cells. Upon pathogen perception, plants generate a transient and rapid increase in cytoplasmic Ca^(2+)levels, which is subsequently decoded by Ca^(2+)sensors and effectors to activate downstream immune responses. The elevation of cytosolic Ca^(2+)is commonly attributed to Ca^(2+)influx mediated by plasma membranelocalized Ca^(2+)–permeable channels. However, the contribution of Ca^(2+)release triggered by intracellular Ca^(2+)-permeable channels in shaping Ca^(2+)signaling associated with plant immunity remains poorly understood. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the shaping of Ca^(2+)signatures upon the activation of immune receptors, with particular emphasis on the identification of intracellular immune receptors as non-canonical Ca^(2+)-permeable channels. We also discuss the involvement of Ca^(2+)release from the endoplasmic reticulum in generating Ca^(2+)signaling during plant immunity.

TNF-α与Ca^(2+)在大鼠创伤性脑水肿中的相关性研究

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)与Ca^(2+)在颅脑创伤后脑水肿中的相关性及两者在脑水肿中与水通道蛋白4(AQP-4)可能存在的影响关系。方法采用自由落体打击法制造颅脑创伤动物模型,按处理方式分为4组:空白对照组、单纯处理组、环戊苯吡酮(TNF-α抑制剂)处理组、尼莫地平(Ca^(2+)通道阻滞剂)处理组,均采用Western blot法及mRNA PCR法检测各组脑组织中TNF-α、AQP-4表达量及用比色法检测脑组织细胞内Ca^(2+)含量,同时影像学检测各组大鼠创伤后脑水肿程度。结果 (1)颅脑创伤后单纯处理组脑组织中TNF-α、AQP-4表达量及Ca^(2+)含量明显较空白对照组增加,影像学提示脑水肿明显;(2)环戊苯吡酮处理组与单纯处理组比较,大鼠脑组织中TNF-α、AQP-4表达量明显降低,脑组织细胞内Ca^(2+)含量也下降,影像学提示脑水肿存在,但较单纯处理组大鼠脑水肿轻;(3)尼莫地平处理组与单纯处理组比较,大鼠脑组织细胞内Ca^(2+)含量明显降低,AQP-4表达量明显降低,而TNF-α表达量无明显变化,影像学提示脑水肿存在,但较单纯处理组大鼠脑水肿较轻;(4)环戊苯吡酮处理组大鼠与尼莫地平处理组大鼠比较,经Ca^(2+)通道阻滞剂处理后大鼠脑水肿稍轻,但差异不明显。结论颅脑创伤后脑组织中TNF-α表达量及Ca^(2+)含量明显增加,TNF-α及Ca^(2+)参与脑组织水肿发生,且在创伤后脑水肿中TNF-α可能为Ca^(2+)上游信号,TNF-α可能是通过影响脑细胞钙超载从而参与创伤后脑水肿的发生。

Roles of Na^+/Ca^(2+) exchanger 1 in digestive system physiology and pathophysiology

The Na^+/Ca^(2+) exchanger(NCX) protein family is a part of the cation/Ca^(2+) exchanger superfamily and participates in the regulation of cellular Ca^(2+) homeostasis. NCX1, the most important subtype in the NCX family, is expressed widely in various organs and tissues in mammals and plays an especially important role in the physiological and pathological processes of nerves and the cardiovascular system. In the past few years, the function of NCX1 in the digestive system has received increasing attention; NCX1 not only participates in the healing process of gastric ulcer and gastric mucosal injury but also mediates the development of digestive cancer, acute pancreatitis, and intestinal absorption.This review aims to explore the roles of NCX1 in digestive system physiology and pathophysiology in order to guide clinical treatments.

Diabetes and inflammatory diseases:An overview from the perspective of Ca^(2+)/3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling

A large amount of evidence has supported a clinical link between diabetes and inflammatory diseases,e.g.,cancer,dementia,and hypertension.In addition,it is also suggested that dysregulations related to Ca^(2+)signaling could link these diseases,in addition to 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling pathways.Thus,revealing this interplay between diabetes and inflammatory diseases may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of these diseases.Publications involving signaling pathways related to Ca^(2+)and cAMP,inflammation,diabetes,dementia,cancer,and hypertension(alone or combined)were collected by searching PubMed and EMBASE.Both signaling pathways,Ca^(2+)and cAMP signaling,control the release of neurotransmitters and hormones,in addition to neurodegeneration,and tumor growth.Furthermore,there is a clear relationship between Ca^(2+)signaling,e.g.,increased Ca^(2+)signals,and inflammatory responses.cAMP also regulates pro-and anti-inflammatory responses.Due to the experience of our group in this field,this article discusses the role of Ca^(2+)and cAMP signaling in the correlation between diabetes and inflammatory diseases,including its pharmacological implications.As a novelty,this article also includes:(1)A timeline of the major events in Ca^(2+)/cAMP signaling;and(2)As coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging and rapidly evolving situation,this article also discusses recent reports on the role of Ca^(2+)channel blockers for preventing Ca^(2+)signaling disruption due to COVID-19,including the correlation between COVID-19 and diabetes.

Effects of ethanol on the tonicity of corporal tissue and the intracellular Ca^2＋ concentration of human corporal smooth muscle cells

Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction （ED）; however, the acute effects of ethanol （EtOH） on penile tissue are not fully understood. We sought to investigate the effects of EtOH on corporal tissue tonicity, as well as the intracellular Ca^2＋ concentration （[Ca^2＋]i） and potassium channel activity of corporal smooth muscle. Strips of corpus cavernosum （CC） from rabbits were mounted in organ baths for isometric tension studies. Electrical field stimulation （EFS） was applied to strips precontracted with 10 μmol L^-1 phenylephrine as a control. EtOH was then added to the organ bath and incubated before EFS. The [Ca^2＋]i levels were monitored by the ratio of fura-2 fluorescence intensities using the fura-2 loading method. Single-channel and whole-cell currents were recorded by the conventional patch-clamp technique in short-term cultured smooth muscle cells from human CC tissue. The corpus cavernosal relaxant response of EFS was decreased in proportion to the concentration of EtOH. EtOH induced a sustained increase in [Ca^2＋]i in a dose-dependent manner, Extracellular application of EtOH significantly increased whole-cell K^＋ currents in a concentration-dependent manner （P 〈 0.05）. EtOH also increased the open probability in cell-attached patches; however, in inside-out patches, the application of EtOH to the intracellular aspect of the patches induced slight inhibition of Ca^2＋-activated potassium channel （KCa） activity. EtOH caused a dose-dependent increase in cavemosal tension by alterations to [Ca^2＋]i. Although EtOH did not affect KCa channels directly, it increased the channel activity by increasing [Ca^2＋]i. The increased corpus cavemosal tone caused by EtOH might be one of the mechanisms of ED after heavy drinking.

Tacrolimus Inhibits Vasoconstriction by Increasing Ca^(2+) Sparks in Rat Aorta

The present study attempted to test a novel hypothesis that Ca^2＋ sparks play an important role in arterial relaxation induced by tacrolimus. Recorded with confocal laser scanning microscopy, tacrolimus（10 μmol/L） increased the frequency of Ca^2＋ sparks, which could be reversed by ryanodine（10 μmol/L）. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that tacrolimus（10 μmol/L） increased the large-conductance Ca^2＋-activated K＋ currents（BKCa） in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells（AVSMCs）, which could be blocked by ryanodine（10 μmol/L）. Furthermore, tacrolimus（10 and 50 μmol/L） reduced the contractile force induced by norepinephrine（NE） or KCl in aortic vascular smooth muscle in a concentration-dependent manner, which could be also significantly attenuated by iberiotoxin（100 nmol/L） and ryanodine（10 μmol/L） respectively. In conclusion, tacrolimus could indirectly activate BKCa currents by increasing Ca^2＋ sparks released from ryanodine receptors, which inhibited the NE- or KCl-induced contraction in rat aorta.

Tityus serrulatus venom and its toxins Ts1 and Ts5 increase cytosolic Ca^(2+)concentration in isolated vascular smooth muscle cells

Voltage-gated Na+ channel (Nav channel) scorpion toxins are classified as α- and β-neurotoxins. Ts5 (α-neurotoxin) and Ts1 (β-neurotoxin) from Tityus serrulatus venom (TsV) interact with Nav channels, increasing Na+ influx and activating voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TsV, Ts1 and Ts5 on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]C) in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Toxins were isolated by ion exchange chromatography (Ts1) followed by RP-HPLC (Ts5). The rat aortic smooth muscle cells were isolated in Hanks buffer pH 7.4 and loaded with 5 μmol/L of Fura-2AM (45 minutes at 37℃), in order to measure [Ca2+]C by fluorescence of Fura-2/AM (ratio 340/380 nm). The fluorescence was measured in one single cell (excitation: 340 and 380 nm;emission: 510 nm). TsV (100 and 500 mg/mL) and its toxins Ts1 and Ts5 (50 and 100 mg/mL each) led to a concentration-dependent increase in [Ca2+]C. Tetrodotoxin (1 mmol/L), a Nav channel blocker, and verapamil (1 mmol/L), a voltage-operated Ca2+ channel blocker, inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]C induced by TsV (500 mg/mL). In conclusion, TsV and its toxins induce a concentration-dependent increase in [Ca2+]C that probably occurs through interaction with Nav channels, thus inducing depolarization and consequent Ca2+ influx. This assumption is based on the fact that this effect is inhibited by tetrodotoxin and verapamil, showing a direct action of TsV toxins on aorta smooth muscle cells.

Verapamil和Mn^（2＋）对缺氧和复氧心肌细胞内Na~＋浓度的影响

采用荧光探针ＳＢＦＩ／ＡＭ结合计算机图像处理技术测定缺氧和复氧时单心肌细胞内Ｎａ＋的变化及钙通道阻滞剂Ｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ和Ｎａ＋－Ｃａ２＋交换抑制剂Ｍｎ２＋对其的影响。结果表明随缺氧和复氧时间的延长细胞内Ｎａ＋均增加。Ｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ对缺氧或复氧细胞内Ｎａ＋无影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），Ｍｎ２＋能使复氧细胞内Ｎａ＋含量增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本文推断Ｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ不是通过降低细胞内Ｎａ＋浓度而发挥保护心肌作用，特异性强的Ｎａ＋－Ｃａ２＋交换抑制剂会使复氧心肌细胞内Ｎａ＋含量增加而削弱其保护作用。

Verapamil和Mn^（2＋）对缺氧及缺氧复氧心肌细胞内pH的影响

采用荧光探针ＢＣＥＣＦ／ＡＭ结合计算机图像处理技术测定不同时间的缺氧和缺氧复氧单心肌细胞内ｐＨ的变化以及Ｃａ２＋通道阻滞剂Ｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ和Ｎａ＋－Ｃａ２＋交换抑制剂Ｍｎ２＋对其的影响。结果显示随着缺氧时间的延长，细胞内ｐＨ也逐渐降低。复氧开始４０ｍｉｎ内，细胞内ｐＨ并未恢复正常。Ｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ能减轻缺氧细胞内酸化程度并使其接近正常水平（Ｐ＞０．０５），却未能减轻缺氧复氧细胞内的酸化。无论是缺氧或缺氧复氧心肌细胞，Ｍｎ２＋均未能减轻细胞内的酸化程度。本实验结果提示缺氧和缺氧复氧时细胞内酸化途径并非完全一致。ＶｅｒａＰａｍｉｌ抑制缺氧细胞内ｐＨ下降是其保护缺氧心肌作用的机制之一。

2,6-二甲基-4-(2-氯苯基)-1,4-二氢-3,5-吡啶二羧酸二甲酯对大鼠野百合碱性肺动脉高压的防治作用

用野百合碱（ＭＣＴ）复制大鼠慢性肺动脉高压（ＰＨ）病理模型，探讨钙拮抗剂２，６－二甲基－４－（２－氯苯基）－１，４－二氢－３，５－吡啶二羧酸二甲酯（ＤＣＤＤＰ）对ＰＨ的防治作用．ＤＣＤＤＰ５，５０，５００μｇ·ｋｇ－１ｉｐ，每日１次，连续２８ｄ；ＭＣＴ６０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１在第１次给ＤＣＤＤＰ后３０ｍｉｎｓｃ．观察肺血流动力学指标变化，血浆和肺匀浆中内皮素样免疫反应物（ｉｒ－ＥＴ），一氧化氮（ＮＯ）含量，超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量的改变．三种不同剂量的ＤＣＤＤＰ分别使平均肺动脉压从４．５±０．９ｋＰａ（ＭＣＴ组）降至３．２±０．２，３．５±０．６和３．８±０．９ｋＰａ，肺血管阻力从１１８±１７ｋＰａ·ｍｉｎ－１·Ｌ－１（ＭＣＴ组）降至６５±１６，６８±１８和７６±１８ｋＰａ·ｍｉｎ－１·Ｌ－１（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示在本实验剂量范围内，中，低剂量ＤＣＤＤＰ防治效果似较好．ＤＣＤＤＰ不影响ＭＣＴ性ＰＨ时血浆和肺匀浆中ｉｒ－ＥＴ的改变，但可显著升高肺匀浆中ＮＯ的含量和ＳＯＤ活性，使肺匀浆中ＭＤＡ含量降至正常，这可能是其降低肺动脉压的机理之一．

钙离子拮抗剂对大鼠局灶性脑缺血环氧酶-2的影响

为观察钙离子拮抗剂对环氧酶 2 (COX 2 )表达的影响及探讨COX 2在缺血损伤过程中的作用 ,应用免疫组化方法 ,观察脑缺血模型大鼠缺血和尼莫通干预时环氧酶 2蛋白的表达。结果 :2组的假手术亚组、缺血 1h和 4h亚组均无阳性染色细胞 ,缺血 1 2h后 ,开始出现阳性染色细胞。尼莫通组的阳性着色细胞数显著高于单纯缺血组 ,分别为 :缺血 1 2h 56± 1 1 /mm2 与 4 5± 1 8/mm2 (P <0 .0 5) ;缺血 2 4h 1 1 7± 1 6/mm2 与 69± 1 4 /mm2 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;缺血 4 8h 81± 1 4 /mm2 与 4 1± 1 3/mm2 (P <0 .0 1 )。阳性染色仅见于梗死周围区形态完整的神经元。尼莫通组的脑梗死面积[( 2 8.30 8± 3.959)mm2 ]显著小于对照组 [( 46.780± 6.1 67)mm2 ,P <0 .0 1 ]。提示 :钙离子拮抗剂可有效减轻缺血性脑损伤 ,在梗死周围区COX 2延迟表达以及钙离子拮抗剂增加其表达 ,提示COX