AMPK调控Ca2＋内流对高糖诱导内皮细胞凋亡的作用及其机制研究

目的观察AMP依赖的蛋白激酶(AMPK)对高糖刺激内皮细胞凋亡的抑制作用,并初步探讨其机制。方法体外培养MS-1内皮细胞株,分别用AMPK激动剂、AMPK抑制剂、钙库依赖性钙离子通道(SOCC)抑制剂2-APB和(或)高糖处理,另设对照组(未经任何方式干预)。采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡情况,激光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞内钙离子(Ca2+)内流,Western blotting检测SOCC蛋白Stim1和Orai1的表达。结果与对照组比较,高糖能够明显诱导内皮细胞凋亡,增加Stim1和Orai1蛋白表达(P<0.05)。与高糖组比较,AMPK抑制剂+高糖能够明显增强高糖诱导的内皮细胞的凋亡(P<0.05),而AMPK激动剂+高糖能够明显抑制高糖诱导的内皮细胞凋亡,并降低Stim1和Orai1蛋白表达(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,高糖能够明显诱导内皮细胞Ca2+内流;与高糖组比较,2-APB+高糖能够明显抑制高糖诱导的内皮细胞Ca2+内流,并阻断高糖对内皮细胞凋亡的诱导作用,而AMPK激动剂能够明显抑制高糖诱导的内皮细胞Ca2+内流。结论 AMPK能够通过降低Stim1和Orai1蛋白的表达,抑制SOCC介导的Ca2+内流,进而阻断高糖刺激的内皮细胞凋亡,对内皮细胞功能起重要的保护作用。

多囊蛋白2离子通道功能及在常染色体显性多囊肾发病中的作用机制

多囊蛋白2 (polycystin-2,PC2,或称TRPP2,PKD2)是一种瞬时受体电位通道(transient receptor potential channel,TRP),在维持细胞正常的Ca~(2+)信号传导中起着关键作用,也是最常见的单基因常染色体显性遗传多囊肾病(transient receptor potential channel,ADPKD)的潜在病因之一。PC2可自身组装为同源四聚体离子通道或与其他蛋白质形成异源受体-离子通道复合物,参与调节机械感觉、细胞极性、细胞增殖和凋亡等多种生理功能,导致囊性细胞从正常的吸收、静止状态转变为病理性分泌、增殖状态。本文阐述了PC2蛋白相关结构域以及通道特性在维持细胞内Ca~(2+)信号传导中的关键作用,并总结了PC2在细胞膜、纤毛、内质网以及线粒体等特定亚细胞定位形成多囊蛋白复合物,参与多种细胞分化、增殖、存活和凋亡相关信号通路,为确定特异性的有效的ADPKD干预治疗途径和靶点药物提供新的思考方向。

ClC-3氯通道对Thapsigargin触发的Ca2＋运动的影响

目的探讨ClC-3氯通道与Thapsigargin(TG)触发的Ca2+运动的关系。方法在PC12细胞中转染全长ClC-3cDNA,利用生物荧光影像分析系统测定胞质Ca2+技术探讨ClC-3氯通道对TG触发的Ca2+运动的影响。结果与对照组相比,ClC-3蛋白过表达对TG触发的PC12细胞静息[Ca2+]i的Ratio值和Ca2+释放的Ratio值无影响(P>0.05)。但使Ca2+内流量明显降低(P<0.05)。SK&F96365可以浓度依赖的抑制TG触发的Ca2+内流,但与对照细胞及空载体转染细胞相比,SK&F96365对ClC-3蛋白过表达细胞Ca2+内流的抑制作用明显减弱(P<0.05)。结论ClC-3蛋白参与TG触发的经Ca2+池操纵的Ca2+内流(store-operated Ca2+entry,SOCE)调节。

MuRF1在低氧性肺动脉高压中的作用及机制

目的 探讨肌肉环指蛋白1(MuRF1)在低氧性肺动脉高压(HPH)中的作用及可能机制。方法 将MuRF1转基因敲除小鼠(MuRF1 KO)及其同窝野生型(WT)小鼠随机分到对照(nWT)组、对照+HPH(hWT)组、MuRF1 KO(nMuRF1-KO)组、MuRF1 KO+HPH(hMuRF1-KO)组。其中,hWT组和hMuRF1-KO组置于低压低氧人工实验舱内,nWT组和nMuRF1-KO组置于常压常氧SPF环境中,维持28 d。检测小鼠右心功能及右心室重塑水平、远端肺小动脉血管重塑水平、肺泡灌洗液炎症因子表达、MuRF1和大电导钙激活钾通道β1亚基(BK-β1)蛋白表达。结果 与nWT组相比,hWT组右室内径(RVID)显著降低(P<0.01),右室前壁厚度(RVAW)、右心室收缩压(RVSP)、右心室肥厚指数(RVHI)、胶原容积分数(CVF)显著增加(P<0.01),远端肺动脉壁厚度比(WT%)、肺动脉壁面积比(WA%)、肺动脉肌化水平、相对肺重量显著增加(P<0.01),肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α显著增加(P<0.01),MuRF1表达显著增加(P<0.05),BK-β1表达降低(P<0.05)。与hWT组相比,hMuRF1-KO组RVID显著增加(P<0.05),RVAW、RVSP、RVHI、CVF显著降低(P<0.05),WT%、WA%、肺动脉肌化水平、相对肺重量显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α也显著减少(P<0.05,P<0.01),BK-β1表达显著增加(P<0.05)。结论 敲除MuRF1可改善HPH小鼠右心功能障碍和右室重塑,减轻肺血管重塑和肺血管炎性环境,其机制可能与敲除MuRF1抑制BK-β1降解有关。

麻醉药对[Ca2＋]i的多途径改变及相关生物学效应

Ca2＋是细胞内的第二信使．它参与细胞内很多生理活动过程．包括神经递质释放．肌肉收缩，腺体分泌．学习记忆及细胞凋亡等。麻醉药可以通过多种方式直接或间接改变[Ca2＋]i从而对生物体产生错综复杂的影响．这些影响有些与麻醉作用有关有些与麻醉作用无关。

穿山龙薯蓣皂苷对痛性糖尿病周围神经病变大鼠电压门控Ca2+通道基因表达的影响

目的：通过观察痛性糖尿病周围神经病变模型大鼠坐骨神经中钙离子通道蛋白表达,探究穿山龙提取物薯蓣皂苷对痛性糖尿病周围神经病变（PDPN）的治疗作用。方法：实验参照Sally等造模方法诱发糖尿病大鼠,以钾离子皮下透入致痛,采用WQ-9E痛阈测定仪测定痛阈值,符合条件者列为PDPN模型大鼠。将大鼠分为STZ模型组、薯蓣皂苷高剂量组、薯蓣皂苷低剂量组和强的松组。采用RT-PCR技术法分别于2周、4周、8周,检测各组大鼠坐骨神经中钙离子蛋白表达水平。结果：与模型组相比,各治疗组的钙离子通道m RNA表达在4周和8周两个时间点上呈下降趋势（P〈0.01）,8周时薯蓣皂苷高剂量组大鼠坐骨神经的钙离子通道m RNA表达低于薯蓣皂苷低剂量组和强的松组（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。结论：高剂量组薯蓣皂苷对PDPN的作用优于低剂量组,同时优于强的松组,反映出穿山龙提取物薯蓣皂苷能够缓解PDPN,效果超过强的松。说明穿山龙提取物薯蓣皂苷可以下调痛性糖尿病周围神经病变大鼠坐骨神经钙离子通道m RNA表达,对痛性糖尿病周围神经病变有一定的治疗作用。

Inhibitory Effects of Blockage of Intermediate Conductance Ca^(2+) -Activated K^+ Channels on Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

The roles of intermediate conductance Ca2＋-activated K＋ channel （IKCal） in the pathogene- sis of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） were investigated. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of IKCal protein in 50 HCC and 20 para-carcinoma tissue samples. Real-time PCR was used to detect the transcription level of IKCal mRNA in 13 HCC and 11 para-carcinoma tissue samples. The MTT assay was used to measure the function of IKCal in human HCC cell line HepG2 in vitro. TRAM-34, a specific blocker of IKCal, was used to intervene with the function of IKCal. As compared with para-carcinoma tissue, an over-expression of IKCal protein was detected in HCC tissue samples （P〈0.05）. The mRNA expression level of IKCal in HCC tissues was 2.17 times higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was suppressed by TRAM-34 （0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 pxnol/L） in vitro （P〈0.05）. Our results suggested that IKCal may play a role in the proliferation of human HCC, and IKCal blockers may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.

Polydatin attenuated food allergy via store-operated calcium channels in mast cell

AIM: To investigate the effect of polydatin (PD), a resveratrol glucoside, on mast cell degranulation and antiallergic activity. METHODS: After the rats were orally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) for 48 d and underwent PD treatment for 4 d, all the rats were stimulated by 100 mg/mL OVA for24 h and then sacrificed for the following experiments. The small intestines from all the groups were prepared for morphology examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining. We also used a smooth muscle organ bath to evaluate the motility of the small intestines. The OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) production and interleu-kin-4 (IL-4) levels in serum or supernatant of intestinal mucosa homogenates were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using toluidine blue stain, the activation and degranulation of isolated rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) were analyzed. Release of histamine from RPMCs was measured by ELISA, and regulation of PD on intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization was investigated by probing intracellular Ca 2+ with fluo-4 fluo-rescent dye, with the signal recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: We found that intragastric treatment with PD significantly reduced loss of mucosal barrier integrity in the small intestine. However, OVA-sensitization caused significant hyperactivity in the small intestine of allergic rats, which was attenuated by PD administration by 42% (1.26 ± 0.13 g vs OVA 2.18 ± 0.21 g, P < 0.01). PD therapy also inhibited IgE production (3.95 ± 0.53 ng/mL vs OVA 4.53 ± 0.52 ng/mL, P < 0.05) by suppressing the secretion of Th2-type cytokine, IL-4, by 34% (38.58 ± 4.41 pg/mLvs OVA 58.15 ± 6.24 pg/mL, P < 0.01). The ratio of degranulated mast cells, as indicated by vehicles (at least five) around the cells, dramatically increased in the OVA group by 5.5 fold (63.50% ± 15.51% vs phosphate-buffered saline 11.15% ± 8.26%, P < 0.001) and fell by 65% after PD treatment (21.95% ± 4.37% vs OVA 63.50% ± 15.51%, P < 0.001). PD mediated attenuation of mast cell degranulation was further confirmed by decreased histamine levels in both serum (5.98 ± 0.17 vs OVA 6.67 ± 0.12, P < 0.05) and intestinal mucosa homogenates (5.83 ± 0.91 vs OVA 7.35 ± 0.97, P < 0.05). Furthermore, we demonstrated that administration with PD significantly decreased mast cell degranulation due to reduced Ca 2+ influx through store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) (2.35 ± 0.39vs OVA 3.51 ± 0.38,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Taken together, our data indicate that PD stabilizes mast cells by suppressing intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization, mainly through inhibiting Ca 2+ entry via SOCs, thus exerting a protective role against OVA-sensitized food allergy.

Caribbean maitotoxin elevates [Ca^(2+)]i and activates non-selective cation channels in HIT-T15 cells

AIM:To investigate the cytotoxic mechanism of caribbean maitotoxin(MTX-C) in mammalian cells.METHODS:We used whole-cell patch-clamp techniques and fluorescence calcium imaging to determine the cellular toxic mechanisms of MTX-C in insulin secreting HIT-T15 cells,which is a system where the effects of MTX have been observed.HIT-T15 cells stably express L-type calcium current,making it a suitable model for this study.Using the fluorescence calcium indicator Indo-1 AM,we found that there is a profound increase in HIT-T15 intracellular free calcium 3 min after application of 200 nmol/L MTX-C.RESULTS:About 3 min after perfusion of MTX-C,a gradual increase in free calcium concentration was observed.This elevation was sustained throughout the entire recording period.Application of MTX-C did not elicit the L-type calcium current,but large cationiccurrents appeared after applying MTX-C to the extracellular solution.The current-voltage relationship of the cation current is approximately linear within the voltage range from-60 to 50 mV,but flattened at voltages at-80 and-100 mV.These results indicate that MTX-C induces a non-voltage activated,inward current under normal physiological conditions,which by itself or through a secondary mechanism results in a large amount of cationic influx.The biophysical mechanism of MTX-C is different to its isoform,pacific maitotoxin(MTX-P),when the extracellular calcium is removed.CONCLUSION:We conclude that MTX-C causes the opening of non-selective,non-voltage-activated ion channels,which elevates level of intracellular calcium concentration and leads to cellular toxicities.

Effect of Calmodulin and Voltage-dependent Ca^(2+) Channel on the Proliferation of Heptoma Cells Induced by Epidermal Growth Factor

The effect of thyrosine kinase, calmodulin and voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel on the proliferation of hepatoma cells induced by EGF was studied. Hepatoma cell line SMMC7721 was cultured in RPMI1640 serum-free medium. DNA synthesis rate of hepatoma cells was measured by 3H-TdR incorporation. 10 -9 mol/L EGF could significantly stimulate the proliferation of hepatoma cells (P<0.05), and this effect might be significantly inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitor (P<0.001). Calmodulin inhibitor W-7 had no effect on the basic phase of cultured hepatoma cells (P> 0.05), but it had very significantly inhibitory effect on the proliferation of hepatoma cells induced by EGF (P<0.001). Voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel inhibitor Varapamil had no inhibition on the proliferation of hepatoma cells induced by EGF (P>0.05). It had no effect on the basic phase of cultured hepatoma cells (P>0.05). It is suggested that tyrosine kinase and Ca 2+-calmodulin-dependent pathway may play a critical role on the proliferation of heptoma cells induced by EGF, and voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel is independent of the effect of EGF.

Altered ischemic cerebral injury in mice lacking α_(IE) subunit of the voltage-dependent Ca^(2+) channel

Objective ①To set up a stable and reproducible focal cerebral infarct modelin mice; (②To examine theinvolvement of αIE subunit of voltage-dependent Ca2 + channel in cerebral ischemic injury. Methods Male C57BL/6J Jclmice 8 ～ 12w and F4 ～ F6αIE subunit of Ca2+ channel mutant mice were both used in this study. All animals were allowedto freely access to food and water before and after operation. Animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium 60mg/kg,ip. Rectal temperature was continuously monitored before, during and after operation, and maintained at (36.6 +0.1 )°C by a autoregulating pad. To produce pilot models, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded either by sur-gical ligation or electrical coagulation and in some models the common carotid artery (CCA) was surgically ligated in tan-dem. In our latter work the MCA was cut off soon after it was ligated or coagulated in order to make sure that the bloodflow was occluded completely. The MCA was coagulated or ligated with a bipolar coagulator or microsurgery suture at thesite just superior to the rhinal fissure. Twenty～four hours after the operation, the mice were anesthetized and decapitated,then their brains were dissected from the skull and put into cold artificial brain spinal fluid as soon as possible. Lmm thickcoronal sections were cut by vibratome and stained with 2% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) at 37°C for30min. Every section was photographed positively and the whole infarction volume was calculated by summing up the in-farction volumes of all sections by NIH Image System. Infarction ratio ( % ) was also calculated by the following fommula:(contralateral volume-ipsilateral undamaged volume)/contralateral volume × 100% to eliminate the influence of edema.In brief, the mutant mice were produced with gene targeting technique. F4 ～ F6 mice were used in this experiment. Alloffsprings were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the genotypes remained umknown to the researcheruntil the operation were finished and the infarction volumes were measured. Results In sham operation group there wasno obvious injury to the brain. Compared with MCA occlusion only, MCA and CCA ligating and occlusion models havegot the higher infarct ratio, however MCA coagulating plus CCA ligating and then cutting method could produce the stableinfarct model with higher infarct ratio and higher successful rate. Among the different genotypes, the infarct ratio of wildof voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel is involved in cerebral ischemic injury and may play a protective role in cerebral isch-emia.③αIE subunit gene knocked out might influence the structure of function of other subunits.

Changes of Ca^2+ activated potassium channels and cellular proliferation in autogenous vein grafts

Objective: To investigate changes of Ca2+ activated potassium channels (KCa) in autogenous vein grafts. Methods: Contraction of venous ring was measured by means of perfusion in vitro. The intimal rabbits proliferation of vascular and proliferation of cultured smooth muscle cells(vascular smooth muscle cells, VSMCs)were observed by the means of computerised image analysis and MTT method respectively. Furthermore, whole cell mode of patch clamp was used to record KCa of VSMCs isolated from autogenous vein grafts. Results: One week after transplantation there were no significant differences of contraction and intimal relative thickness between autogenous vein grafts and control. Contraction and intimal relative thickness of autogenous vein graft were significantly increased 2 weeks after transplantation (P<0.05, n=8 vs control), and they was more enhanced 4 weeks after vein transplantation (P<0.01, n=8 vs control).TEA(blocker of Ca2+ activated potassium channels)increased MTT A490 nm value of VSMCs from femoral vein in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05, n=8). KCa current density was significantly attenuated in VSMCs from autogenous vein grafts (1-4) week after transplantation(P<0.05, n=5).Conclusion: KCa is inhibited in autogenous vein graft, which account for vasospasm and intimal proliferation.

Effects of Arecoline on Calcium Channel Currents and Caffeine-induced Calcium Release in Isolated Single Ventricular

The effects of Arecoline (Are) on calcium m obilization were investigated. In isolated single ventricular m yocyte of guinea pig,patch clamp whole cell recording techniques were used to record the current of L - type calcium channel and cytosolic Ca2 + level ([Ca2 + ]i) labeled with fluo- rescence probe Fluo- 3/ AM was m easured under a laser scanning confocal microscope.Results re- vealed that Are(3- 10 0 μm ol/ L) could inhibit L- type calcium current in a concentration- depen- dent manner and the value of IC50 was33.73μm ol/ L (n=5 ) .In the absence of extracellular calci- um,the resting levels of[Ca2 + ]i was not affected by Are(n=6 ,P>0 .0 5 ) ,but pretreatment with Are(30 μmol/ L) could significantly inhibit the[Ca2 + ]i elevation induced by caffeine(10 m mol/ L,n=6 ,P<0 .0 1) .It was concluded that Are could inhibit not only calcium influx through L- type calcium channel but also calcium release from sarcoplasm ic reticulum.

钙离子通道蛋白的研究进展

钙离子是最广泛存在的细胞内信使,调控着几乎所有生命过程。最近的结构生物学研究解析了很多不同种类的钙离子通道在不同开放-关闭状态下的近原子分辨率结构。有关进展揭示了这些通道的分子组成、动态活动、生理功能、调控修饰的分子基础,为阐明钙信号转导和相关疾病的微观机制提供了理论基础.

原代培养的大鼠远端肺动脉平滑肌细胞的功能研究

目的探索原代培养的大鼠远端肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMC)是否具有血管平滑肌的功能,为缺氧性肺动脉高压等肺血管疾病发病机制及药物干预研究打下基础。方法采用显微操作和胶原酶消化法分离、培养大鼠远端PASMC,对培养细胞进行形态学观察、平滑肌α-actin免疫荧光染色鉴定,并用荧光显微镜法观测高钾(60 mmol·L-1KCl)溶液对大鼠远端PASMC的细胞内Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)的影响。结果培养的大鼠远端PASMC呈血管平滑肌细胞典型的"峰、谷"状生长,平滑肌α-actin免疫荧光染色呈阳性反应,60 mmol·L-1KCl溶液使PASMC的[Ca2+]i明显增高,5μmol·L-1硝苯地平能完全阻断PASMC的[Ca2+]i对KCl溶液的反应。结论原代培养的大鼠远端PASMC具有典型血管平滑肌细胞形态学、免疫学特征,具有功能正常的电压依赖性钙通道(VDCC),可广泛用于缺氧性肺动脉高压等肺血管疾病发病机制及药物干预的研究。

Militarine对离体大鼠胸主动脉环的舒张作用及机制研究

目的:研究从手掌参中分离的Militarine对离体大鼠胸主动脉环的舒张作用并探讨其可能的机制。方法:记录去甲肾上腺素(NE)和KCl预收缩的离体大鼠主动脉环张力变化,观察Militarine的舒血管作用及不同工具药对其作用的影响。结果:Militarine可以抑制去甲肾上腺素(NE,1×10-4mol·L-1)和KCl(1.8 mol·L-1)引起去内皮和内皮完整的离体大鼠胸主动脉环的收缩作用,但二者有明显差别;L-硝基精氨酸甲酯(LNAME,1×10-4mol·L-1)、亚甲蓝(MB,1×10-5mol·L-1)、吲哚美辛(INDO,1×10-5mol·L-1)均能一定程度抑制Militarine对胸主动脉环的舒张作用;钾离子通道阻断剂四乙基胺(TEA,1×10-3mol·L-1)、格列苯脲(glibenclamide,1×10-5mol·L-1)、Ba Cl2(1×10-4mol·L-1)可明显减弱Militarine对血管环的舒张作用;在无钙环境下,预孵育Militarine对去甲肾上腺素引起的血管环收缩有明显抑制作用。结论:Militarine有内皮依赖性和非内皮依赖性的血管舒张作用,其作用机制可能涉及激活内皮细胞中NO/c GMP通路,开放钾离子通道和抑制钙离子内流。

Rho激酶抑制剂DL0805-0对大鼠离体胸主动脉的舒张作用及机制研究

目的探讨Rho激酶抑制剂DL0805-0对离体大鼠胸主动脉的舒张作用及作用机制。方法采用大鼠胸主动脉环张力测定法,观察DL0805-0对内皮完整或剔除的大鼠胸主动脉环的影响。应用法舒地尔、左旋硝基精氨酸甲醋(LNAME)、亚甲蓝、吲哚美辛、四乙胺(TEA)、格列本脲和4-氨基吡啶(4-AP)等工具药,研究DL0805-0舒张血管的作用机制。结果 DL0805-0能剂量依赖性的舒张KCl(60 mmol·L-1)和NE(0.1μmol·L-1)预收缩的大鼠胸主动脉环。LNAME可明显抑制DL0805-0对NE收缩血管的舒张作用,而亚甲蓝和吲哚美辛无明显影响。TEA可明显抑制DL0805-0对NE收缩血管的舒张作用,而格列本脲和4-AP无明显影响。DL0805-0能够明显抑制NE在无钙K-H液中引起的血管收缩和复钙诱导的外钙依赖性血管收缩。结论 DL0805-0具有明显的舒张血管作用,其作用可能依赖于血管内皮功能,另外开放血管平滑肌细胞上钙激活的钾离子通道以及阻滞钙离子通道可能也是作用机制之一。

荞麦花叶总黄酮的舒张血管作用及其机制

目的探讨荞麦花叶总黄酮(TFBFL)对大鼠离体胸主动脉的舒张作用与机制。方法采用离体血管环灌流装置,经生物信号采集与分析系统测定血管环张力的变化;激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术检测血管平滑肌细胞内钙浓度。结果在苯肾上腺素(phenylephrine,PE)10-6mmol.L-1或KCl60 mmol.L-1预收缩的保留内皮和去除内皮的血管环中,TFBFL均能够浓度依赖性的引起血管舒张;相对于去除内皮的血管环,TFBFL对保留内皮的血管环的舒张作用更明显。保留内皮的血管环用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAME(100mmol.L-1)预孵后,TFBFL诱导的血管舒张作用明显减弱。在无钙灌流液中,用KCl 60 mmol.L-1去极化去除内皮的血管环后,逐渐加入Ca2+,使血管环呈浓度依赖性收缩;TFBFL(0.8 mg.L-1)孵育10 min后可使CaCl2的量效曲线向下移位且可使PE在无钙灌流液中诱导的血管环最大收缩幅度明显降低。激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测细胞内钙的结果表明,TFBFL浓度依赖性(0.4、0.8 mg.L-1)的抑制了静息状态平滑肌细胞质内钙浓度的升高。结论 TFBFL能够浓度依赖性舒张大鼠胸主动脉,其作用机制可能是降低细胞内游离Ca2+浓度;对于保留内皮的血管环,TFBFL也作用于血管内皮细胞,促进一氧化氮的释放,引起血管舒张。

老龄化家兔左心房重构对房性心律失常的影响

目的:探讨老龄化左心房(LA)电和结构重构对房性心律失常的影响及机制。方法:选用健康雄性新西兰大耳白兔,分为青龄LA组[兔龄(8±2)月]和老龄LA组[兔龄(25±2)月]。记录在体左心房肌单相动作电位(MAP)和短阵快速刺激方法观察2组动作电位的静息膜电位(RMP)、幅度(APA)、最大上升速率(dv/dt_(max)、平台期电位、复极化到30%、50%和90%时程(APD_(30)、APD_(50)和APD_(90))以及心律失常诱发率和持续时间;全细胞膜片钳技术记录各组L型钙电流(I_(Ca,L);Masson染色观察各组左心房组织间质胶原纤维及其蛋白含量,透射扫描电镜观察左心房细胞内超微结构;Western blot技术测定各组左心房组织Cav1.2蛋白的表达水平。结果:与青龄LA组比较老龄LA组心房肌动作电位的dv/dt_(max)和平台期电位显者降低,APD_(30)和APD_(50)明显缩短,APD_(90)显者延长(P<0.01);其房性心律失常的诱发率明显增高,持续时间显著延长(P<0.01)。在电压钳制方式下,与青龄LA组比较,老龄LA组左心房肌细胞I_(Ca,L)密度在各钳制电压下均明显减小,其电流-电压曲线显著上抬;当钳制电位为+20 mV时老龄LA组心肌细胞I_(Ca,L)密度由青龄LA组的(11.72±1.39)pA/pF减小为(6.08±0.98)pA/pF(P<0.01)。与青龄LA组比较,老龄LA组心肌组织中胶原纤维明显增多,胶原蛋白含量显著增加(P<0.01),心房肌组织排列不规则。老龄LA组心房肌细胞超微结构异常改变,心房肌细胞核固缩,线粒体排列杂乱,肿胀或出现空泡,肌小节损伤严重。老龄LA组织中的Cav1.2蛋白表达水平明显小于青龄LA(P<0.01),其表达量与老龄LA组I_(Ca,L)密度减小呈显著正相关(r=0.83,P<0.01)。结论:老龄LA发生了明显的病理生理特征性改变而增加了老龄化房颤发生的易损性和易感性,其机制与老龄化LA的I_(Ca,L)减小、超微结构改变和Cav1.2蛋白表达水平下降密切相关。