Preliminary Identification of Red Pigment and Positive Correlation between the Contents of Red Pigment and Total Saponins of Panax notoginseng Fruits

[Objective] This study aimed to identify red pigment of Panax notoginseng fruits and explore the correlation between pigment content and total saponins of the fruits. [Method] The red pigment of Panax notoginseng fruits was preliminarily identi- fied with specific color reactions and UV-vis spectra, and the contents of the pigment and total saponins were determined via spectrophotometry. [Result] The red hues of the fruits were contributed by anthocyanins and/or the anthocyanidins. The contents of anthocyanins and total saponins of the fruits both decreased along with thinning of the red hues. The content difference of the anthocyanins in fruits with different red hues reached extremely significant level, but that of total saponins just reached significant level. [Conclusion] The red pigment of P. notoginseng fruits is anthocyanins which are of extremely significant positive correlation with total saponins in contents.

Preparation of Cr-Doped YAlO3 Red Ceramic Pigment and the Coloration Mechanism

The red ceramic pigment is widely used in industrial production, but the pigments with pure color and bright red performance are rare. Therefore, it is important to study and develop new red ceramic pigment with perfect color performance. This paper reports the preparation of Cr-doped YAlO_3 red ceramic pigment rendering by sol-gel method with high temperature resistance, good color and proposed color mechanism. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and UV-vis, and the effects of Cr on the crystal structure, color rendering properties and color mechanism were discussed. The results showed that the optimum concentration of coloring agent（Cr） in Cr：YAlO_3 red ceramic pigment was 3 at.%. The main color mechanism was also discussed. Compared with the solid phase sintering and precipitation methods for the synthesis of red ceramic pigment, the sol-gel method possessed obvious advantages, such as perfect mixing of the raw materials, uniform dispersion of doping ions and the pure color.

Research and Development of Cadmium Sulphoselenide Red Pigment

Cadmium sulphoselenide was synthesized continuous substitution solid solution and the only known pigment to yield bright red color on ceramic decoration. Encapsulated cadmium sulphoselenide pigments could yield abundant hues from yellow to red with high opacity at high temperature. The color generation has a linear function relation with the substitution rate. The encapsulation formation process of zirconium silicate encapsulated cadmium sulphoselenide was shown. Insuffi cient encapsulation effi ciency and potential hazard to human and environment had limited the industrial application of cadmium sulphoselenide red pigment. Ink-jet printing decoration required fi ne size cadmium sulphoselenide red pigment on ceramic decoration. The review mainly focused on the synthesis techniques and industrial application of cadmium sulphoselenide red pigment.

Purification of specularite by centrifugation instead of flotation to produce iron oxide red pigment

This study used specularite, a high-gradient magnetic separation concentrate, as a raw material in reverse flotation.An iron concentrate with a grade of 65.1 wt% and a recovery rate of 75.31% were obtained.A centrifugal concentrator served as the deep purification equipment for the preparation of iron oxide red pigments, and its optimal rotating drum speed, feed concentration, and other conditions were determined.Under optimal conditions, a high-purity iron oxide concentrate with a grade of 69.38 wt% and a recovery rate of 80.89% were obtained and used as a raw material for preparing iron oxide red pigment.Calcining with sulfuric acid produced iron red pigments with different hues.Simultaneously, middlings with a grade of 60.20 wt% and a recovery rate of 17.51% were obtained and could be used in blast furnace ironmaking.High-value utilization of specularite beneficiation products was thus achieved.

High-Efficiency Synthesis and Properties of Latent Pigment Red 272DPP-BOC by Microwave Irradiation

A high-efficiency synthesis method for a latent pigment of red pigment diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (Pig. Red 272:272DPP), which is important as a functional organic pigment, was investigated, and the investigation results revealed that irradiation of microwaves (MWs) for several seconds to 272 DPP in NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) solvent yielded DPP latent pigment (272DPP-BOC) at a high yield of 86.2%. Two kinds of latent-pigment crystals, namely, red and yellow, were obtained by recrystallization, and it was found that the fluorescence-emission properties of the two kinds differ significantly. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis showed that the difference in the fluorescence-emission properties of the two types is derived from the difference in their crystal structures.

Synthesis of Novel Dark Red Phosphate Pigments in Imitation of Natural Ore

As novel dark red pigment,sodium manganese phosphate,NaMnPO4,imitated with Natrophilite,was synthesized by heating at various conditions.The heating temperature and time,volume of water,phosphorus resource were studied in this process.The obtained powders were estimated with X-ray diffraction(XRD),Infrared(IR)spectra,ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)reflectance spectra,and L^*a^*b^*color space.Further,similar chemical compositions with NaMnPO4 were also studied in the same method.The obtained samples had weak peaks of NaMnPO4 in XRD patterns.Sample synthesized in Na/Mn=1/1 at 700℃for 6 hours indicated high redness,a^*value.

The Study of Effervescent Tablet Processing Using Red Roses （Rosa damascena Mill） Pigments Extract

Rose is one of the farming products that used as an accessory plantation, which is also known to contain vitamin C and anthocyanins which can be used as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study is to identify the colour effect of flower through the quality effervescent tablet, to know the interaction between the flower colour and the sugar type through the quality effervescent rose tablet. This study was done with two steps. Step I was divided into 2 levels of examinations using simple random： Rose colouring, M1 （dark red） and M2 （pink）, while step II consisted of three levels of examinations, those were G 1 （sucrose）, G2 （dextrose）, and G3 （sorbitol）. The result showed that the dark red colour has a better extract pigment quality, the level of the light color （L） was 77.3 and the redness level （b＋） was 25.033. The best rose effervescent tablet was produced by the combination of M 1 G3 （dark red： corn sugar/sorbitol）, that has 8.179% of water content; the solute velocity was 0.029 g/sec; the lightness level （L） was 84.133, the redness level （a＋） was 18.3. The product of the rose effervescent drinks has a value of 6.46 pH; viscosities 342.867 cps and total of sugar 52.150%.

Study on the Stability of Pigment in Red Pulp Plum

The stability was studied of the pigment in red pulp plum (Prunus salicina Lindl). The results showed that the pigment had a high resistance to heat and it′s stability seemed to be affected greatly by pH, and red pulp plum was suitable to be applied for making acid food. Several kinds of metallic ions including Na + 、Zn 2+ had an effect of reinforcement on its tone, however Fe 3+ had a disruptive effect. Sucrose had no undesirable effect, but vitamin C had a significant undesirable effect. Also the preservative of sodium benzoate had a definite undesirable effect. The pigment showed strong resistance to reducer sodium sulfite but was very weak in resistance to oxidizer hydrogen peroxide.

前体物和诱导剂对红曲霉液态发酵产红曲红色素的影响

为了提高红曲霉(Monascus)GN01液态发酵产红曲红色素(MRPs)的产量,文章采用单因素实验法考察前体物和诱导剂的种类,以及添加量对红曲霉产MRPs的产量的影响。研究结果表明,前体物和诱导剂都有利于促进MRPs的产生,但促进程度存在一定的差异。作为前体物,CH3COONH(41 g/L)和CH3COOK(3 g/L)的处理分别将MRPs的产量提升了2.96倍和1.54倍;作为诱导剂,ZnSO(40.2 g/L)和曲拉通X-100(7%v/v)的处理分别将MRPs的产量提升了6倍和3倍,但曲拉通X-100的处理不利于红曲霉的生长。因此,CH3COONH4(1 g/L)和ZnSO(40.2 g/L)的处理更有助于进一步提高MRPs的产量。

改性蚕丝织物的胭脂虫红染色工艺探析

为使胭脂虫红上染蚕丝织物效果好,采用壳聚糖季铵盐(HACC)对蚕丝织物改性后,用胭脂虫红色素直接染色,探讨改性工艺。研究表明,最佳改性工艺条件为改性温度70℃,改性时间40 min,pH=5,HACC质量浓度4%。胭脂虫红对改性蚕丝织物进行直接染色,得出优化的染色工艺条件为染色温度80℃,染色时间40min,pH=7,染液质量浓度6%。在最佳的工艺条件下,对未改性及改性蚕丝织物进行直接染色和后媒染,用环保的氯化镧稀土为媒染剂,对染色织物的染色性能、色牢度进行测试。结果表明,HACC改性试样经过后媒染法染色,其染色性能、色牢度最好,对生态染整技术发展提供积极的意义。

滇鸡血藤红色素的提取工艺优化及其抑制COX-2活性研究

目的:研究滇鸡血藤红色素的最佳提取条件,考察其基本性质与环氧化酶-2(COX-2)抑制活性,为滇鸡血藤的临床用药及相关制剂开发提供参考。方法:以吸光度为指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验对滇鸡血藤红色素提取工艺中的液料比、浸提时间、乙醇体积分数进行优化,确定滇鸡血藤红色素的最佳提取工艺,对提取得到的红色素光、热、pH稳定性进行考察,进一步采用COX-2抑制剂筛选试剂盒考察滇鸡血藤红色素对COX-2的抑制作用。结果:在50%乙醇、液料比为110、浸提12 h的条件下提取的滇鸡血藤红色素吸光度最大;其在室温避光、pH 1~9条件下有较好的稳定性;滇鸡血藤红色素对COX-2有较好的抑制作用,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为2.04 ng·mL^(-1)(生药质量浓度)。结论:明确了滇鸡血藤红色素的最佳提取条件和稳定性条件,可为滇鸡血藤资源的综合开发利用与临床用药研究提供参考。

Isolation of a Prodigiosin-producing Strain and Analysis of It's Pigments

[Objective] The aim was to isolate a prodigiosin producing strain and study its pigment fractions.[Method] Red pigment-producing bacteria was identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics after isolation in plate.By using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography,pigment fractions were separated and purified from the extractives of the strain after fermentation in flask,and then pigment fractions were analyzed via UV-Vis and LC/MS.[Result] A red pigment-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 sampled from soil of Nanchang was isolated and identified.2 pigment fractions showing similar UV-Vis and LC/MS characters were separated and purified,the characters of fraction 1 were identical to those of prodigiosin,while fraction 2 showed a special UV-Vis absorption spectrum that had not been reported.[Conclusion] A prodigiosin-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 and its 2 pigment fractions were isolated.

固相柱净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定辣椒红色素中的苏丹红

[目的]建立一种高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定辣椒红色素中4种苏丹红染料的方法。[方法]辣椒红色素样品经正己烷提取,分子印迹柱净化,高效液相色谱柱ZORABX SB-Aq C_(18)(3.0 mm×100 mm,3.5μm)分离,乙腈-0.1%甲酸水梯度洗脱,ESI^(+)电喷雾扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式下对辣椒红色素中苏丹红进行测定,外标法定量。[结果]4种苏丹红染料在10~200 ng/mL均呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,加标量为10、20、50μg/kg(n=6)时,平均回收率为71.0%~119.0%,相对标准偏差为1.53%~6.18%。[结论]该方法适用于辣椒红色素中4种苏丹红染料的定性定量分析。

具有多刺激响应行为的颜料红254有机小分子荧光染料

对颜料红254进行N-烷基链双取代合成了化合物2,5-二庚烷基-3,6-二(4-氯苯基)-吡咯并吡咯-1,4-二酮(C7DPP),对其外界刺激条件产生变色的性质进行了研究,例如压力和温度。在365 nm紫外光激发下,旋转蒸发得到的固态粉末样品发出明亮的黄色荧光(563 nm),研磨后发光光色红移到了582 nm,经过溶剂熏蒸或135℃热处理的样品发出黄绿色荧光(537 nm),再次研磨又可回复到582 nm,光谱峰位移达到了45 nm。通过X射线衍射(XRD)测试分析表明,该分子表现出的力致变色行为与其分子的堆积结构变化有着密切的联系,表现出性能对结构的强响应。

索氏抽提法制备裂果枣红色素及其理化性质分析

以裂果枣粉为原料,采用索氏抽提法对裂果枣红色素进行提取,分别采用单因素试验和响应面试验进行提取条件的优化,并对裂果红枣色素进行理化性质研究(抗氧化活性及色素稳定性)。结果表明:索氏抽提法提取最佳条件为裂果枣粉添加量2.0 g/100 mL、乙醇体积分数69%、加热温度89℃、浸提时间26 min、抽提时间1.5 h,裂果枣红色素提取率4.540 mg/g,裂果枣红色素提取率较高。通过研究裂果枣红色素对DPPH自由基,·NO_(2)^(-)和ABTS+自由基的清除能力,结果显示裂果枣红色素浓度达到1.2 mg/mL时,DPPH自由基清除率可达67.8%,当裂果枣红色素浓度达到2.0 mg/mL时,NO_(2)^(-)清除率为69.4%,当裂果枣红色素浓度达到1.5 mg/mL时,ABTS^(+)自由基清除率达到63.5%。裂果枣红色素稳定性试验结果表明,索氏抽提法提取的裂果枣红色素具有良好的热稳定性,光照对其稳定性有一定的影响,pH值对裂果枣红色素稳定性的影响较大。

色素通路相关基因在红背和黑背中华蜜蜂成年工蜂背板中的表达模式分析

【目的】分析红背中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana色素通路相关基因的表达差异,揭示红背中华蜜蜂色素形成的分子机制。【方法】采用体视显微镜观察刚出房红背中华蜜蜂和黑背中华蜜蜂(正常个体)成年工蜂的体色差异。通过同源比对鉴定中华蜜蜂成年工蜂黑色素代谢通路相关8个基因(PAH,TH,DDC,ebony,tan,aaNAT,yellow-y和laccase 2)、蝶呤通路相关4个基因(GTPCH I,SPR,PTPS和GC-1)、眼色素通路相关2个基因(vermilion和cinnabar)以及尿酸盐转运相关4个基因(BLOS2,HPS5,OK和Varp)的同源基因;运用荧光定量PCR检测上述色素通路相关基因在红背中华蜜蜂和黑背中华蜜蜂成年工蜂胸部背板和腹部体壁中的相对表达量。【结果】红背中华蜜蜂和黑背中华蜜蜂成年工蜂体色差异表现在胸部背板:红背中华蜜蜂胸部背板呈现棕红色,黑背中华蜜蜂胸部背板则为黑色。荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,胸部背板中tan,laccase 2,SPR,vermilion,cinnabar,BLOS2和OK的表达量以及腹部体壁中OK的表达量在红背中华蜜蜂成年工蜂与黑背中华蜜蜂成年工蜂间有显著性差异。【结论】红背中华蜜蜂和黑背中华蜜蜂明显的体色差异位于胸部背板,这种体色分化的现象受到蜜蜂体内黑色素、蝶呤、眼色素通路及尿酸盐转运相关基因共同作用的影响。

火龙果色素提取工艺及其稳定性研究

火龙果色泽艳丽,是一种广受喜爱的水果,含有很多天然,安全无毒的红色素。本文选用市售的红皮白肉火龙果作为原料,采用溶剂提取法作为色素的提取方法,经过单因素实验得出最优提取的工艺条件为:体积分数50%乙醇为提取剂、料液比为1∶20(g∶mL)、提取时间为50 min、提取温度为30℃。经过三因素三水平的响应面分析得到的最优提取的工艺条件为:料液比为1∶20.29(g∶mL)、提取时间为69.31 min、提取温度为29.61℃。通过温度试验、光照试验和pH值试验对红色素稳定性分析,得出火龙果果皮红色素的热稳定性较差;日光光照也会降低红色素的稳定性;在酸性条件下比碱性环境下更为稳定。

超高压物理改性处理提高甜菜红的热稳定性及应用

目的:甜菜红易在碱性、高温等条件下发生褪色,分别采用超高压技术(UHP)、脉冲电场(PEF)、动态高压微射流(DHPM)技术对甜菜红进行物理改性,以吸光度值为考察指标,确定合适的提高甜菜红热稳定性的物理改性技术。方法:通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析揭示了超高压处理提高甜菜红热稳定性的机制;以未经超高压处理的甜菜红作对照组、超高压处理的甜菜红为原料制作曲奇饼干,验证超高压处理提高甜菜红热稳定性作用。结果:在400 MPa、保压时间30 min、室温的处理条件下,甜菜红的热稳定性显著高于其他条件下的样品;超高压处理提高了甜菜红的热稳定性,对甜菜红的特征官能团没有显著影响,但使其组分比例发生了改变;以超高压处理的甜菜红色素制作的饼干与未处理的相比,烘烤前后饼干色差变化幅度小。结论:超高压处理是提高甜菜红色素热稳定性的有效方法。

火龙果果皮红色素抑菌活性及对鳙鱼肉新鲜度的指示效应

本研究通过超声波辅助乙醇浸提法提取火龙果果皮红色素,采用药敏试纸抑菌圈检验法、DPPH自由基清除法比较两种果皮红色素的抑菌活性和总抗氧化能力,同时结合果皮红色素提取物对pH变化的响应和色差值评估指标,优选红色素提取物浓度制作指示卡。通过检测常温放置过程中鱼肉的pH、脂质过氧化值变化评估指示卡对鳙鱼鱼肉新鲜度的指示效果。结果表明,红肉红皮火龙果果皮红色素对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的抑菌活性和总抗氧化能力均显著高于白肉红皮火龙果果皮红色素(P<0.05),且其红色素提取物水溶液对pH2~13具有较灵敏的呈色变化反应。应用10 g/L红肉火龙果果皮红色素提取物制备的指示卡,评估鳙鱼鱼肉变化可知,25℃常温放置12 h过程中鱼肉的pH先微降后上升,TBA脂质过氧化值持续升高为0 h的1.96倍,揭示鱼肉的新鲜度下降;同期,放置鱼肉的指示卡色差值ΔE也从起始时1.40(0 h)上升到18.30(12 h),指示卡外围呈色从淡红色向玫红色及土黄色转变,对放置的鲜切鳙鱼肉新鲜度的衰减表现出较为直观的指示效应。本研究为火龙果果皮天然红色素的综合利用提供前期的科学依据,也为水产类预制菜行业的新型食品包装应用提供初步参考。

香樟树红叶色素的提取及稳定性研究

以香樟树红叶为原料,采用溶剂浸提法提取香樟树红叶色素。以色素特征吸光度为指标,研究红叶色素的提取工艺和稳定性。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为料液比1:40(g/mL)、乙醇体积分数40%、提取温度70℃、提取时间2.5h。稳定性试验得出,在较低温度(20~60℃)、避光条件下,红叶色素的稳定性较好;红叶色素在酸性、中性和弱碱性(pH1~9)条件下稳定,在强碱性(pH10~14)条件下不稳定;红叶色素具有较好的抗氧化性和抗还原性;冰醋酸对红叶色素的稳定性影响不大,而葡萄糖对其有一定影响;金属离子Fe^(2+)、Fe^(3+)、Cu^(2+)Pb^(2+)对红叶色素的稳定性影响明显。通过显色反应得出香樟树红叶色素主要含有二氢黄酮醇类物质。