Generalized granuloma annulare in an infant clinically manifested as papules and atrophic macules:A case report

BACKGROUND Granuloma annulare(GA)has diverse clinical manifestations including papules,plaques,and nodules on the extremities that are skin-colored,pink,or purple.Approximately 15%of all GA cases are considered generalized GA.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we describe the case of a pediatric patient who initially presented with papules and later developed generalized atrophic macules.Upon examination,two different morphologic lesions were histopathologically confirmed:Epithelioid nodular GA and scattered histiocytic infiltrative GA.This patient exhibited rare clinical manifestations that differed throughout the course of the disease.The varying histopathological types and clinical manifestations of GA may be linked to the different stages of the disease.CONCLUSION This rare case demonstrates the different histopathological features of different stages and clinical manifestations of granuloma annulare in an infant.

福寿螺属主要入侵种(Pomacea canaliculata和Pomacea maculate)研究趋势可视化

为了解和对比近些年来国内外福寿螺领域研究趋势和热点内容,本文以中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science(WOS)核心文集TM的科学引文索引扩展版SCI-E数据库为数据来源,运用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件对2009—2021年福寿螺属中入侵能力最强、入侵范围最广的两种物种(Pomacea canaliculata和Pomacea maculate)研究领域的813篇相关文献(中文文献398篇,英文文献415篇)进行年度发文量、作者和国家合作网络、关键词共现、聚类和突现以及文献共被引分析.结果显示:自2009年来,国际上福寿螺领域研究热度持续,发文总体呈波浪式增长;国内研究热度有所减缓,发文总体呈下降趋势.在该领域内,国内发文地区主要集中在我国长江中下游以南及沿海地区;国际上,中国、阿根廷、美国、巴西是主要的发文国家.我国发文量位居第一,与阿根廷、美国构成该领域研究的主要国家力量.国家间合作密切,合作网络覆盖亚洲、南美、北美、西欧和澳大利亚各大区域.国内外近年来在该领域的研究热点有所不同,广州管圆线虫病、福寿螺的抗逆性和防治是我国近些年甚至未来很长一段时间研究关注的重点;在世界范围内,近年来的研究热点则是个体识别与鉴定、系统发育分析、物种地理起源和进化方面.此外,蛋白质组、卵、渐渗杂交福寿螺的危害和可利用化是目前国际在该领域的研究前沿.

调Q激光与手术切除治疗口腔黏膜黑斑后的复发率比较:一项回顾性队列研究

目的比较755 nm调Q激光与手术切除治疗口腔黏膜黑斑后的复发率。方法本研究已通过单位伦理委员会审查批准,并获得患者知情同意。采用回顾性队列研究设计,纳入2019年1月—2021年8月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔黏膜病科门诊接受调Q激光或手术切除治疗的口腔黏膜黑斑患者,收集患者的一般资料、临床特征和随访病史。将治疗后1年复发率作为主要结局指标,长期不良反应发生率作为安全性评价指标,采用Kaplan⁃Meier法分析两组间的1年无复发率。结果本研究共纳入了57例患者,其中16例患者接受了手术切除治疗,41例患者接受了调Q激光治疗,两组人口统计学和临床特征基线无显著差异。手术切除组所有患者均未观察到口腔黏膜黑斑的复发(0%),而调Q激光组有12例(29.27%)患者出现复发,平均复发时间为治疗后6.08个月,复发与吸烟(P=1.000)、胃肠道息肉(P=1.000)、纵型黑甲(P=0.187)、家族史(P=0.552)、治疗次数(P=0.567)或是否多发(P=0.497)均无相关性。与手术切除相比,调Q激光治疗口腔黏膜黑斑1年复发的比值比为4.41,95%置信区间为1.27⁃15.24(P=0.020)。手术切除组中有3例患者(18.75%)报告损害切除处出现凹陷和疤痕,而调Q激光组没有患者报告长期不良反应(0%)(P=0.019)。结论与手术切除相比,调Q激光治疗口腔黏膜黑斑的优势在于长期不良反应率较低,但复发率相对较高,在治疗前需与患者沟通两种方法的优劣,以助临床决策。

新疆不同河流斑重唇鱼(Diptychus maculates)形态特征比较研究

运用聚类分析、单因子方差分析和主成分分析对伊犁河、塔什库尔干河和托什干河3个群体斑重唇鱼(Diptychus maculates)10个可数性状和11个可量性状进行比较分析。可数性状聚类分析显示塔什库尔干河群体与托什干河群体首先聚在一起,然后与伊犁河群体聚在一起。可量性状单因子方差分析和多重比较结果显示伊犁河群体与塔什库尔干河群体和托什干河群体分别在6个和8个变量上存在差异,要大于塔什库尔干河群体和托什干河群体之间4个变量的差异。对所有性状的主成分分析显示3个群体在主成分1上分化较明显,其中塔什库尔干河群体和托什干河群体关系较近,伊犁河群体与上述两群体关系相对较远。结果表明伊犁河与塔里木河水系的斑重唇鱼存在形态分化。

Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome resulted in amputation: A case report

BACKGROUND Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome(JCS)is a very rare syndrome.The treatment of JCS is more conservative,and most authors recommend that no surgery should be done in asymptomatic patients.The conventional concept holds that the natural course of non-ossifying fibromas(NOFs)grows with the development of bones,and the osteolytic region gradually stops expanding and self-healing through bone ossifying around the lesion and ossification within the lesion.But in this case,the bone lesions were potentially biologically aggressive,which led to severe limb deformities and pain.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 5-year-old girl with JCS presenting with not only NOF sand café-au-lait macules,but also showed features not mentioned before,severe limb pain,and at last resulted in amputation.She was admitted to our hospital after presenting with claudication and mild pain over her right thigh,which worsened when stretching or being touched.Skin examination revealed multiple café-au-lait macules on the neck,arm,axilla,and torso,including the nipples and perineum.Radiographs revealed multiple lytic lesions in the proximal part of the right humerus,distal part of the right clavicle,proximal and distal parts of the right femur,and proximal parts of the right tibia and fibula.Curettage and biopsy were performed on the distal part of the right femur.At the age of 7,the girl was re-admitted to our hospital for a pathological fracture in the middle in the right femur and underwent Intralesional excision,internal fixation,bone grafting,and spica casting.At the age of 10,the girl came to our hospital again for severe pain of the right leg.Amputation from the middle level of the right femur was performed.We present the case of a 5-year-old girl with JCS presenting with not only NOFs and café-au-lait macules,but also showed features not mentioned before,severe limb pain,and at last resulted in amputation.She was admitted to our hospital after presenting with claudication and mild pain over her right thigh,which worsened when stretching or being touched.Skin examination revealed multiple café-au-lait macules on the neck,arm,armpit,and torso,including the nipples and perineum.Radiographs revealed multiple lytic lesions in the proximal part of the right humerus,distal part of the right clavicle,proximal and distal parts of the right femur,and proximal parts of the right tibia and fibula.Curettage and biopsy were performed on the distal part of the right femur.At the age of 7,the girl was re-admitted to our hospital for a pathological fracture in the middle in the right femur and underwent Intralesional excision,internal fixation,bone grafting,and spica casting.At the age of 10,the girl came to our hospital again for severe pain of the right leg.Amputation from the middle level of the right femur was performed.CONCLUSION In our opinion,education on preventing pathological fractures and explaining the consequent serious consequences to the parents is a matter of prime significance.At the same time,prophylactic treatment(restricted exercise,support,or surgery)is also considerable for JSC.

获得性双侧毛细血管扩张斑

报告1例获得性双侧毛细血管扩张斑。患者男,48岁。双上臂及胸部多发性红斑1年。皮肤科检查:双上臂伸侧及胸部可见多发性暗红或褐色毛细血管扩张斑,Darier征阴性。皮损组织病理检查:表皮大致正常,基底层色素增多;真皮浅层小血管增生和扩张,血管周围稀疏淋巴组织细胞浸润。Masson-Fontana染色显示基底层色素增多。免疫组化:真皮浅层血管周围个别肥大细胞CD117阳性。诊断:获得性双侧毛细血管扩张斑。

冷轧带钢表面黄斑缺陷产生机理及控制措施

冷轧带钢作为重要的金属材料,在汽车、家电、建筑等行业具有广泛的应用。然而,在冷轧过程中,带钢表面时常出现黄斑缺陷,这不仅影响了产品的外观质量,还可能对材料的力学性能和耐腐蚀性产生不利影响。本文以现场生产为基础,分析了冷轧带钢在平整生产后黄斑缺陷产生的原因,经多年摸索并采取针对性措施,取得了良好的效果,彻底消除了带钢板面黄斑缺陷。

Extensive genetic divergence among Diptychus maculatus populations in northwest China

D. maculates is a kind of specialized Schizothoracinae fish has been locally listed as a protected animal in Xinjiang Province, China. Ill River located in north of Tianshan Mountain and Tarim River located in north of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were two main distribution areas of this fish. To investigate the genetic diversity and genetic structure ofD. maculates, four populations from Tarim River system and two populations from Ili River system were collected in this study. A 570-bp sequence of the control region was obtained for 105 specimens. Twenty-four haplotypes were detected from six populations, only Kunes River population and Kashi River population shared haplotypes with each other. For all the populations examined, the haplotype diversity （h） was 0.904 8±0.012 6, nucleotide diversity （n） was 0.027 9±0.013 9, and the average number of pairwise nucleotide differences （k） was 15.878 3±7.139 1. The analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） showed that 86.31% of the total genetic variation was apportioned among populations, and the variation within sampled populations was 13.69%. Genetic differences among sampled populations were highly significant. Fst statistical test indicated that all populations were significantly divergent from each other （P〈0.01）. The largest Fst value was between Yurungkash River population and Muzat River population, while the smallest fst value was between Kunes River population and Kashi River population. NJ phylogenetic tree of D-loop haplotypes revealed two main clades. The neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis suggested that the fish had went through a recent population expansion. The uplift of Tianshan Mountain and movement of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau might contribute to the wide genetic divergence of D. maculates in northwest China.

Use of Otolith Shape for the Identification of Trumpeter Sillago (Sillago maculata) and Silver Sillago(Sillago sihama)

Otolith shape is species-specific in fish.In this study,161 samples of Trumpeter sillago Sillago maculata and 164 of Silver sillago Sillago sihama were collected from Beibu Gulf in July 2009.The main objective of this study was to use morphological variables and Fourier harmonics to describe otolith characteristics and use discriminant analyses to separate the two species.Otoliths were measured by traditional one and two dimensional measures(otolith length,width,diameters,area,perimeter,rectangularity and circularity),as well as by Fourier analysis to capture the finer regions of the otolith.Analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) showed that there was significant correlation between morphological variables(diameter,perimeter,otolith length,otolith width,otolith area,density,harmonics 3,harmonics 4,harmonics 5,harmonics 13,harmonics 15,and harmonics 16) and body length.To minimize size effects on the morphological variables between species,only fish with a body length between 90 and 140 mm were included in the data analysis and the variables which had significant relation with body length were transformed using the residual.The result showed that the accuracy of discriminant analysis was 97.8% and 100% for Trumpeter sillago and Silver sillago,respectively.This high accuracy indicated that otolith shape was described accurately by morphological variables and Fourier harmonics,and discriminant analysis was an effective way to identify and separate the two species.

The association of Triatoma maculata(Ericsson 1848) with the gecko Thecadactylus rapicauda(Houttuyn 1782)(Reptilia:Squamata:Gekkonidae):a strategy of domiciliation of the Chagas disease peridomestic vector in Venezuela?

Objective:To investigate the bioecological relationship between Chagas disease peridomestic vectors and reptiles as source of feeding.Methods:In a three-story building,triatomines were captured by direct search and electric vacuum cleaner search in and outside the building.Then,age structure of the captured Triatoma maculata(T.maculata) were identified and recorded.Reptiles living in sympatric with the triatomines were also searched.Results:T.maculata were found living sympatric with geckos(Thecadactylus rapicauda) and they bit residents of the apartment building in study.A total of 1 448 individuals of T.maculata were captured within three days,of which 74.2%(1 074 eggs) were eggs,21.5%were nymphs at different stages,and 4.3%were adults.Conclusions:The association of T.maculata and T.rapicauda is an effective strategy of colonizing dwellings located in the vicinity of the habitat where both species are present;and therefore,could have implications of high importance in the intradomiciliary transmission of Chagas disease.

特克斯河斑重唇鱼生态学特征

【目的】研究新疆特克斯河斑重唇鱼形态特征及年龄与生长等生态学特性。【方法】2019~2021年采样观察特克斯河斑重唇鱼,运用经典生物学测量方法鉴定年龄,分析其生长性状。【结果】特克斯河斑重唇鱼,体延长,被细鳞,侧线完全,形态特征不同于其他水系,差异较大,体背色泽灰褐色,有不同的黑色斑点,腹部浅黄泛灰白。斑重唇鱼,体长均值(143.66±57.94)mm,体重均值(64.81±92.10)g,年龄均值(4.08±2.49*);体长与体重拟合关系式为W_(总)=5.80×10^(-6) L ^(3.1653)(R^(2)=0.9521),属于异速生长;体长与体高、头长、吻长、眼间距、尾柄长和尾柄高相关性较高,与体宽和眼径的相关性较低。特克斯河斑重唇鱼(n=120)渐进体长L_(∞)=346.79 mm,k=0.07,W_(∞)=634.97 g,t_(0)=-0.34,t_(i)=12.46。生长方程:L_(t)=346.79(1-e^(-0.09(t+0.34))),W_(t)=634.97(1-e^(-0.09(t+0.34)))3.1653。【结论】特克斯河斑重唇鱼形态不同于其他水系,高原冷水鱼类,属异速生长,适应性欠佳,拐点年龄大,生长缓慢,生长性状不稳定。

基于高通量转录组测序的斑重唇鱼SSR分布及序列特征分析

【目的】基于高通量转录组测序分析斑重唇鱼SSR分布及序列特征,为斑重唇鱼SSR分子标记开发、遗传多样性、遗传连锁图谱、种质资源鉴定和分子辅助育种提供理论数据。【方法】使用Illumina NovaSeq高通量测序平台对斑重唇鱼皮肤组织进行转录组测序,利用Trinity对获得的高质量测序数据进行序列组装,再用MISA对筛选得到的1 kb以上的Unigenes进行SSR分布及序列特征分析。【结果】斑重唇鱼转录组共获得244.42 Gb Cleandata,组装后获得55182条Unigenes,其中8903条Unigenes含有SSR位点,含有SSR的Unigenes比例为16.13%,共含有12899个SSR位点,从中除去616个复合型SSR位点,共获得12283个完美型SSR位点,存在单核苷酸~六核苷酸6种重复基元类型,其中单核苷酸重复基元数目最多,为6654个,占比为54.17%,二核苷酸~六核苷酸随着核苷酸重复数的增多依次减少,分别是32.30%、12.04%、1.38%、0.07%和0.03%。斑重唇转录组中共有348种不同重复基元,其中最丰富、种类最多的是三核苷酸重复基元,共有145种;单核苷酸是数量最多重复基元类型,其重复基元数量最多的是(A)10型。SSR的长度范围较大,为10~75 bp,总长度为157088 bp,SSR相对丰度为0.19%,其中长度为10 bp的SSR数量最多,有3232个,占比为26.31%;其次是12、11和14 bp,占比分别为21.73%、12.02%和10.06%。【结论】斑重唇鱼转录组中SSR位点数量多,出现频率较高,多态性较好,可用来开发斑重唇鱼类分子标记,且不同核苷酸重复基元类型数量差异较大,且分布特征差异明显。

Legius综合征合并癫痫1例并文献复习

目的:探讨并报告1例Legius综合征合并癫痫患者的临床特点、基因突变及诊治方法。方法:整理并分析1例Legius综合征合并癫痫患者的临床资料,并对Legius综合征进行文献复习。结果:先证者,女,首次就诊年龄6岁,主要症状为无热惊厥,为全面的强直性发作,发作前后有呕吐。颈部、前胸部、臀部、下肢多部位有大小不等的咖啡牛奶斑(>6枚),最大直径3 cm。脑电图示部分区域棘慢、多棘慢波发放,各区广泛慢波活动。基因检测示SPRED1基因c.7G>T(p.Glu3Ter)的杂合子突变,其父母没有发现该突变,为新发突变。结论:基因检测对于Legius综合征的早期诊断、遗传咨询、判断预后和制定随访治疗计划具有重要意义。

Q开关翠绿宝石激光治疗儿童咖啡斑的疗效及影响因素

目的 探讨Q开关翠绿宝石激光治疗儿童咖啡斑的疗效及影响因素。方法 回顾经Q开关翠绿宝石激光治疗的44例咖啡斑患儿,分析Q开关翠绿宝石激光治疗咖啡斑患儿的疗效、安全性,以及性别、首次治疗年龄(婴幼儿、学龄前)和病损颜色(深色、浅色)对疗效的影响。结果 44例患儿均接受2~7次治疗,治疗2次总有效率达75.0%。不同性别患儿治疗2次总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(OR=0.629,P=0.633)。婴幼儿治疗2次总有效率较学龄前患儿高(OR=0.074,P=0.006),浅色病损患儿治疗2次总有效率较深色病损患儿高(OR=0.121,P=0.049)。所有患儿随访≥1年,5例发生色素异常,1年内均消退。结论 Q开关翠绿宝石激光治疗儿童咖啡斑疗效好,婴幼儿疗效优于学龄前,浅色病损疗效优于深色病损。

皮肤影像技术在咖啡斑诊治中的运用

咖啡斑是一种黑色素增生性皮肤病,以典型皮损及病史为主要诊断依据,而不典型皮损与其他种类繁多的皮肤色素斑片类疾病鉴别困难。目前咖啡斑患者以激光治疗为首选治疗方案,但疗效难以预测且复发率高。皮肤影像技术的迅猛发展,使其在咖啡斑的诊断、鉴别诊断及疗效预测等方面均可发挥重要作用。

杂交鳢人工繁殖和苗种培育技术研究

本文研究了杂交鳢(Channa maculate♀×C.argus♂)的亲鱼斑鳢(C.maculata)培育、杂交鳢人工繁殖、孵化和鱼苗培育等技术。结果显示:斑鳢在杭州地区池塘条件下经人工培育可达性成熟,但无法在自然条件下过冬,需进行保温越冬。杂交鳢人工催产繁殖的适宜水温在22℃以上,以25～28℃为宜。25～30℃水温条件下,分二次注射LHRH-A2、HCG和DOM混合催产剂,其效应时间在32 h以内;采用自然受精,泡沫箱或网箱孵化,其平均催产率为93.3%,平均受精率为72.9%,孵化率为64.1%,孵化时间18～45 h;通过定时过筛、分级分养、适时驯食等技术培育20 d左右,鱼种全长可达3.3～3.8 cm,平均成活率56.5%。

维生素C对花鱼种生长和免疫指标的影响

研究了饲料中维生素C（VC）的含量对花Hemibarbus maculates鱼种生长和免疫指标的影响。在水温为（25.0±3.0）℃的条件下,将14.84 g的花鱼种放养在12个网箱（60 cm×60 cm×120 cm）中,网箱放在室外2个水泥池（6.0 m×2.0 m×1.2 m）中。试验设F0（对照）、F1、F2、F3 4组,分别投喂按0、1 000、2 000和3 000 mg/kg（饲料）剂量添加含量为95%的包膜VC的试验饲料（粗蛋白37.0%、粗脂肪11.0%）。125 d的饲养结果表明：花的成活率为93.33%-98.67%,各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;随着饲料中VC含量的增加,花鱼种的特殊增重率先上升后降低,摄食含973.00 mg/kg VC的饲料时（F1组）,鱼的特殊增重率显著高于其它组（P〈0.05）,饲料系数极显著低于其它组（P〈0.01）,蛋白质利用率极显著高于其它组（P〈0.01）;根据二次曲线拟合计算得出,花特殊增重率最高和饲料系数最低时,饲料中VC的含量为1 415.78-1 451.74 mg/kg;花鱼种血清中γ球蛋白含量随着饲料中VC含量的增加先升高再降低,VC含量为973.00 mg/kg时达最高值,该组极显著地高于其它组（P〈0.01）;花鱼种血清中溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性随饲料中VC含量的增加而极显著升高（P〈0.01）,分别在VC含量为2 857.00、1 882.00 mg/kg（F3、F2组）时达最大值。

唇鱼骨、花鱼骨及其杂交F_1的形态差异分析

运用3种多元分析法分析了唇鱼骨Hemibarbus labeo、花鱼骨H.maculates及其杂交F1(唇鱼骨♀×花鱼骨♂)的形态差异。结果表明:杂交F1在体形和体色上完全偏向于母本唇鱼骨,仅背部的小黑点是继承了花鱼骨的形态特征;唇鱼骨、花鱼骨和杂交种F1的可数性状中背鳍、臀鳍、胸鳍和腹鳍条数基本上一致,各项差异均不显著。利用主成分分析构建了9个主成分,对总变异的累积贡献率为80.8%。聚类分析结果表明,杂交F1的形态与唇鱼骨形态较为相似。采用逐步判别分析方法建立了3种鱼的判别函数,判别准确率分别为86.7%～100%(P1)、87.9%～100%(P2),综合判别率为94.4%。

印染废水对3种水生生物的毒性作用

为合理评估印染废水对水环境造成的影响,以斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)、大型溞(Daphnia magna)和太湖花(Hemibarbus maculates)为受试生物,印染废水分别用标准稀释液7346-2按照几何级数稀释成为100.00%、50.00%、25.00%、12.50%和6.25%的系列试验液,研究印染废水对3种水生生物的毒性效应。结果表明,印染废水对水生态系统中不同营养层次的3种生物均有一定的毒性,对斜生栅藻24、48 h的半数生长抑制浓度(EC50)分别为(51.55±4.12)%、(20.40±6.27)%,对大型溞24、48 h的EC50分别为(78.20±4.31)%、(53.10±1.88)%,对花卵裂期胚胎、囊胚期胚胎、原肠期胚胎、初孵仔鱼和25日龄仔鱼96 h的半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为(19.89±1.68)%、(25.95±2.14)%、(27.24±0.88)%、(19.61±2.21)%和(49.27±3.27)%。研究得出印染废水对水生生物的安全浓度为1.96%,生产中应严格控制其排放。

氧化鱼油与棕榈油对花鲈肝脏抗氧化酶及组织结构的影响

在21个200L圆形流水水槽中各放养花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)幼鱼,初始体质量为(1.73±0.01)g。在相同的环境条件下投喂以棕榈油(P)与新鲜鱼油(F)或氧化鱼油(OF)不同比例混合的7组饲料(10P,10F,6F4P,4F6P,10OF,6OF4P和4OF6P),每个实验组设3个重复。60d饲养实验结束后,通过测定花鲈肝脏部分抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD,过氧化氢酶CAT和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px)活力和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),并对肝脏,肠以及肌肉进行组织学观察,研究在配合饲料中添加棕榈油替代氧化鱼油对花鲈肝脏抗氧化酶活力及其对组织结构的影响。结果表明,在含有氧化鱼油的实验组中,添加40%的棕榈油对花鲈肝脏的CAT活力以及GSH-Px活力有显著提高作用(P<0.05),对SOD活力有一定的提高效果(P>0.05),各组间总抗氧化能力差异不显著(P>0.05)。新鲜鱼油组(10F,6F4P,4F6P)间抗氧化酶活力差异不显著(P>0.05)。非氧化组花鲈肝脏和肌肉组织结构完整,10OF组花鲈肝脏和肌肉组织呈现氧化脂肪中毒症状,添加棕榈油后(6OF4P和4OF6P)症状减轻,各组花鲈肠结构无明显差异。由此认为,棕榈油在花鲈饲料中部分替代鱼油是可行的,另外,在贮存不当的饲料中,后喷涂一定比例的棕榈油能对其毒性产生缓解作用。