Background The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression of the aggressive behaviors.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly(BSF)and yell...Background The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression of the aggressive behaviors.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly(BSF)and yellow mealworm(YM)live larva provision on Muscovy duck performance,excreta corticosterone metabolites(ECM),behavior,and blood parameters.Methods A total of 1263-day-old female Muscovy ducklings were allotted to 18 pens(6 replicates/treatment,7 birds/pen)and assigned to 3 experimental treatments:a control group fed commercial feed,and two experimental treatments fed commercial feed plus the 5%(based on the expected daily feed intake,as fed basis)of BSF and YM live larvae(BSF and YM groups,respectively).A two-phase feeding program was applied:starter(from 3 to 31 days of age)and grower-finisher(from 32 to 55 days of age).The live weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed conversion ratio were calculated.Larva consumption times were collected,and video recordings were performed during 3 periods(P)each day:the hour before(P1),during(P2),and after(P3)the larva administration.ECM were evaluated at 3,31,and 55-day-old.Finally,the total red and white blood cell counts,serum proteins,lipids,and liver and renal function serum enzymes were evaluated on 12 birds/treatment.Results The experimental treatment did not affect the growth performance of the birds(P>0.05).Larva consumption times were always similar between the two insect species,except at 14–18 days of age,were BSF larvae were consumed faster than YM larvae(P<0.001).The birds showed less walking activity during P2,and preening behavior increased in YM birds during P3.The C birds increased the attack behavior over the weeks(P<0.05).During weeks 1–3 the YM group reduced the attack frequency(P1>P3;P<0.05).Finally,the provision of live BSF and YM larvae significantly reduced the ECM at 55 days of age and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio(P<0.05).Conclusions Live BSF and YM larva supplementation in Muscovy duck improves duck welfare,without impairing birds'growth performance.展开更多
【目的】寻找与番鸭就巢性状相关的表达基因,了解其就巢调控的分子机理。【方法】采用cDNA-AFLP(cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism)技术分析遗传背景相近的RF系白羽番鸭就巢个体和非就巢个体脑垂体基因表达差异。【结果】...【目的】寻找与番鸭就巢性状相关的表达基因,了解其就巢调控的分子机理。【方法】采用cDNA-AFLP(cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism)技术分析遗传背景相近的RF系白羽番鸭就巢个体和非就巢个体脑垂体基因表达差异。【结果】筛选到与就巢行为相关差异表达片段82条,选取其中15条进行测序。将测序结果在GenBank数据库进行BLAST比较和分析,发现8个片段(53.3%)与已知基因具有较高同源性,涉及与繁殖性能紧密相关的下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal,HPG)上的功能基因,如GnRH基因、FSH基因,同时也分离到位于GH/IGF轴上的功能基因,即GH基因;以及在功能上属于信号传导、转录调控、代谢的调节基因,如超氧化物歧化酶基因、角蛋白关联蛋白基因、硫氰酸酶释放硫基转移酶基因等。2个片段与未知功能的基因有同源性,5个与数据库中现有的基因没有明显的相似性。随机选择3个片段进行RT-PCR验证,检测片段的表达模式与cDNA-AFLP结果一致。【结论】揭示番鸭不同就巢性状基因表达调控模式,进一步阐明番鸭就巢的分子机理。展开更多
基金supported by the PRIMA programme under grant agreement No 2015,project SUSTAvian FEEDsupported by the European Unionthe visit by Achille Schiavone(22216/IV/23-Poultry MED project)funded by the Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia in connection with the“Jiménez De La Espada”Regional Programme for Mobility,Collaboration and Knowledge Exchange。
文摘Background The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression of the aggressive behaviors.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly(BSF)and yellow mealworm(YM)live larva provision on Muscovy duck performance,excreta corticosterone metabolites(ECM),behavior,and blood parameters.Methods A total of 1263-day-old female Muscovy ducklings were allotted to 18 pens(6 replicates/treatment,7 birds/pen)and assigned to 3 experimental treatments:a control group fed commercial feed,and two experimental treatments fed commercial feed plus the 5%(based on the expected daily feed intake,as fed basis)of BSF and YM live larvae(BSF and YM groups,respectively).A two-phase feeding program was applied:starter(from 3 to 31 days of age)and grower-finisher(from 32 to 55 days of age).The live weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed conversion ratio were calculated.Larva consumption times were collected,and video recordings were performed during 3 periods(P)each day:the hour before(P1),during(P2),and after(P3)the larva administration.ECM were evaluated at 3,31,and 55-day-old.Finally,the total red and white blood cell counts,serum proteins,lipids,and liver and renal function serum enzymes were evaluated on 12 birds/treatment.Results The experimental treatment did not affect the growth performance of the birds(P>0.05).Larva consumption times were always similar between the two insect species,except at 14–18 days of age,were BSF larvae were consumed faster than YM larvae(P<0.001).The birds showed less walking activity during P2,and preening behavior increased in YM birds during P3.The C birds increased the attack behavior over the weeks(P<0.05).During weeks 1–3 the YM group reduced the attack frequency(P1>P3;P<0.05).Finally,the provision of live BSF and YM larvae significantly reduced the ECM at 55 days of age and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio(P<0.05).Conclusions Live BSF and YM larva supplementation in Muscovy duck improves duck welfare,without impairing birds'growth performance.
文摘【目的】寻找与番鸭就巢性状相关的表达基因,了解其就巢调控的分子机理。【方法】采用cDNA-AFLP(cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism)技术分析遗传背景相近的RF系白羽番鸭就巢个体和非就巢个体脑垂体基因表达差异。【结果】筛选到与就巢行为相关差异表达片段82条,选取其中15条进行测序。将测序结果在GenBank数据库进行BLAST比较和分析,发现8个片段(53.3%)与已知基因具有较高同源性,涉及与繁殖性能紧密相关的下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal,HPG)上的功能基因,如GnRH基因、FSH基因,同时也分离到位于GH/IGF轴上的功能基因,即GH基因;以及在功能上属于信号传导、转录调控、代谢的调节基因,如超氧化物歧化酶基因、角蛋白关联蛋白基因、硫氰酸酶释放硫基转移酶基因等。2个片段与未知功能的基因有同源性,5个与数据库中现有的基因没有明显的相似性。随机选择3个片段进行RT-PCR验证,检测片段的表达模式与cDNA-AFLP结果一致。【结论】揭示番鸭不同就巢性状基因表达调控模式,进一步阐明番鸭就巢的分子机理。
