Pixel’s Quantum Image Enhancement Using Quantum Calculus

The current study provides a quantum calculus-based medical image enhancement technique that dynamically chooses the spatial distribution of image pixel intensity values.The technique focuses on boosting the edges and texture of an image while leaving the smooth areas alone.The brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)scans are used to visualize the tumors that have spread throughout the brain in order to gain a better understanding of the stage of brain cancer.Accurately detecting brain cancer is a complex challenge that the medical system faces when diagnosing the disease.To solve this issue,this research offers a quantum calculus-based MRI image enhancement as a pre-processing step for brain cancer diagnosis.The proposed image enhancement approach improves images with low gray level changes by estimating the pixel’s quantum probability.The suggested image enhancement technique is demonstrated to be robust and resistant to major quality changes on a variety ofMRIscan datasets of variable quality.ForMRI scans,the BRISQUE“blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator”and the NIQE“natural image quality evaluator”measures were 39.38 and 3.58,respectively.The proposed image enhancement model,according to the data,produces the best image quality ratings,and it may be able to aid medical experts in the diagnosis process.The experimental results were achieved using a publicly available collection of MRI scans.

A Vector Tensor Calculus Description of a Euclidean Space

We present a tensor description of Euclidean spaces that emphasizes the use of geometric vectors which leads to greater geometric insight and a higher degree of organization in analytical expressions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by proving a number of integral identities with vector integrands. The presented approach may be aptly described as absolute vector calculus or as vector tensor calculus.

一本有新意的微积分教材——评美国MIT教授Strang新编《CALCULUS》

微积分教材数以千计,每年都有不少新作问世,但有新意者却如凤毛麟角。91年夏我到美国参加第二届国际工业与应用数学大会(ICIAM’91),在大会展厅看到美国麻省理工学院(MIT)数学系教授、美国工业与应用数学学会(SIAM)教育委员会主席Strang教授刚刚出版的《CALCULUS》,很有特色,会后应邀访问MIT。

One Sound and Complete <i>R</i>-Calculus with Pseudo-Subtheory Minimal Change Property

The AGM axiom system is for the belief revision (revision by a single belief), and the DP axiom system is for the iterated revision (revision by a finite sequence of beliefs). Li [1] gave an R-calculus for R-configurations &Delta;|&Gamma;,?where?&Delta;?is a set of atomic formulas or the negations of atomic formulas, and?&Gamma;?is a finite set of formulas. In propositional logic programs, one R-calculus N will be given in this paper, such that N is sound and complete with respect to operator s(&Delta;,t), where s(&Delta;,t)is a pseudo-theory minimal change of t by?&Delta;.

基于Pi-Calculus的跨组织工作流建模方法

针对跨组织协同环境下的业务流程建模技术的不足,提出了一个新的用于跨组织业务流程的形式化建模方法。首先根据工作流管理联盟(W fMC)的有关工作流过程定义接口规范,利用Pi-Calculus技术对跨组织业务流程结构进行了形式化定义。此外,利用Pi-Calculus特有机制对并发流程及其之间的通信进行描述。提出的方法可以有效用于不同业务流程间的协同工作,并且适合于对分布式协同环境下的工作流进行建模。

Effects of in vitro cultivated Calculus Bovis compound on pulmonary lesions in rabbits with schistosomiasis

AIM:To explore the interventional effects and mechanism of in vitro cultivated Calculus Bovis compound preparation(ICCBco) on pulmonary lesions in portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis. METHODS:The experimental group included 20 portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis treated by ICCBco.The control group included 20 portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis treated by praziquantel. The morphological changes of the pulmonary tissues were observed under light and electron microscopy.The expression of fibronectin(FN) and laminin(LN) in the lung tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:Under light microscope,the alveolar exudation in the lung tissue was more frequently observed in the control group,while the alveolar space was fairly dry in the lung tissue of ICCBco group.Under electron microscope,more alveolar exudation in the lung tissue,and moremacrophages,alveolar angiotelectasis and the blurred three-tier structure of alveolar-capillary barrier could be seen in the control group.In ICCBco group,fibers within the alveolar interspace slightly increased in some lung regions,and the structure of typeⅠepithelium,basement membrane and endodermis was complete,and no obvious exudation from the alveolar space,and novascular congestion could be observed.There was a positive or strong positive expression of FN and LN in the lung tissue of the control group,while there was a negative or weak positive expression of FN and LN in ICCBco group. CONCLUSION:ICCBco can effectively prevent pulmonary complications in portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis by means of improving lung microcirculation and lowering the content of extracellular matrix.

Performance Evaluation for SDN Deployment: an Approach Based on Stochastic Network Calculus

The Open Flow implementations(SDNs) have been deployed increasingly on varieties of networks in research institutions as well as commercial institutions. To develop an Open Flow implementation, it is required to understand the performance of the network. A few benchmark tools(e.g., Cbench and OFlops) can be used to measure the network performance, while these tools take considerable time to simulate traffic behaviors and generate the required results,therefore extending the development time. In this paper, we present an analytical model, which is based on stochastic network calculus theory, for evaluating the performance of switch to controller.The previous studies show that stochastic network calculus can provide realistic emulation of real network traffic behaviors. Our model is evaluated by using both simulation tool and realistic testbed.The results show the stochastic network calculus based analysis model can realistically measure the network performance of the end-to-end properties between controller and switch.

Robust Attitude Control for Reusable Launch Vehicles Based on Fractional Calculus and Pigeon-inspired Optimization

In this paper, a robust attitude control system based on fractional order sliding mode control and dynamic inversion approach is presented for the reusable launch vehicle(RLV)during the reentry phase. By introducing the fractional order sliding surface to replace the integer order one, we design robust outer loop controller to compensate the error introduced by inner loop controller designed by dynamic inversion approach. To take the uncertainties of aerodynamic parameters into account,stochastic robustness design approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation and Pigeon-inspired optimization is established to increase the robustness of the controller. Some simulation results are given out which indicate the reliability and effectiveness of the attitude control system.

Network Calculus在机载雷达设计中的应用

Network Calculus是一种基于最小加代数理论来分析网络数据流的方法,它已被广泛应用于工业、航空和航天的复杂网络设计中。机载雷达要求系统具有高实时性,尤其对嵌入式任务的调度有严格的时序要求。在机载雷达的设计中应用此理论,可以在系统前期设计时提供实时性的理论依据和保障,为雷达系统的实时性设计提供了一种方法和手段。

Variational Calculus With Conformable Fractional Derivatives

Invariant conditions for conformable fractional problems of the calculus of variations under the presence of external forces in the dynamics are studied. Depending on the type of transformations considered, different necessary conditions of invariance are obtained. As particular cases, we prove fractional versions of Noether's symmetry theorem. Invariant conditions for fractional optimal control problems, using the Hamiltonian formalism, are also investigated. As an example of potential application in Physics, we show that with conformable derivatives it is possible to formulate an Action Principle for particles under frictional forces that is far simpler than the one obtained with classical fractional derivatives.

CALCULUS ON FRACTALS BASED UPON LOCAL FIELDS─In memory of Founding Editor Professor M.T.Cheng with great respect and deep sorrow

The main contents in this note are: 1. introduction; 2. locally compact groups and local fields; 3. calculus on fractals based upon local fields; 4. fractional calculus and fractals; 5. fractal function spaces and PDE on fractals.

End-to-End Latency Evaluation of the Sat5G Network Based on Stochastic Network Calculus

Simultaneous use of heterogeneous radio access technologies to increase the performance of real-time,reliability and capacity is an inherent feature of satellite-5G integrated network(Sat5G).However,there is still a lack of theoretical characterization of whether the network can satisfy the end-to-end transmission performance for latency-sensitive service.To this end,we build a tandem model considering the connection relationship between the various components in Sat5G network architecture,and give an end-to-end latency calculation function based on this model.By introducing stochastic network calculus,we derive the relationship between the end-to-end latency bound and the violation probability considering the traffic characteristics of multimedia.Numerical results demonstrate the impact of different burst states and different service rates on this relationship,which means the higher the burst of arrival traffic and the higher the average rate of arrival traffic,the greater the probability of end-to-end latency violation.The results will provide valuable guidelines for the traffic control and cache management in Sat5G network.

Effect of tamsulosin versus tamsulosin plus tadalafil on renal calculus clearance after shock wave lithotripsy:An open-labelled,randomised,prospective study

Objectives:To compare the efficacy of tamsulosin versus tamsulosin plus tadalafil in achieving clearance of fragments after shock wave lithotripsy(SWL)to treat renal calculi.Methods:Between January 2016 to December 2017,140 patients with solitary,non-branched,non-lower calyceal renal calculus and measuring less than 20 mm and treated with SWL were randomized to tamsulosin(group A)or tamsulosin plus tadalafil(group B).Therapy was given for a period of 4 weeks.Stone clearance rate,analgesic requirement,occurrence of steinstrasse,need for auxiliary procedures(endoscopic treatment),and adverse effects of drugs were recorded.Results:The overall clearance rate was 72.5%(50/69)in the group A and 90.1%(64/71)in the group B(pZ0.007).For stones up to 12 mm,the difference in the clearance rate was significant(pZ0.039)while it was not so for stones larger than 12 mm(pZ0.151).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regards to analgesic requirement(pZ0.94),occurrence of steinstrasse(pZ0.101),need for auxiliary procedures(pZ0.76),and adverse effects of the drugs(pZ0.148).Conclusion:Our study shows that adjunctive medical expulsive therapy with tamsulosin and tadalafil achieves better clearance rate than tadalafil alone in patients receiving SWL for renal stones.

Multi-objective optimization for task offloading based on network calculus in fog environments

With the widespread application of wireless communication technology and continuous improvements to Internet of Things(IoT)technology,fog computing architecture composed of edge,fog,and cloud layers have become a research hotspot.This architecture uses Fog Nodes(FNs)close to users to implement certain cloud functions while compensating for cloud disadvantages.However,because of the limited computing and storage capabilities of a single FN,it is necessary to offload tasks to multiple cooperating FNs for task completion.To effectively and quickly realize task offloading,we use network calculus theory to establish an overall performance model for task offloading in a fog computing environment and propose a Globally Optimal Multi-objective Optimization algorithm for Task Offloading(GOMOTO)based on the performance model.The results show that the proposed model and algorithm can effectively reduce the total delay and total energy consumption of the system and improve the network Quality of Service(QoS).

Introducing “Arithmetic Calculus” with Some Applications: New Terms, Definitions, Notations and Operators

New operators are presented to introduce “arithmetic calculus”, where 1) the operators are just obvious mathematical facts, and 2) arithmetic calculus refers to summing and subtracting operations without solving equations. The sole aim of this paper is to make a case for arithmetic calculus, which is lurking in conventional mathematics and science but has no identity of its own. The underlying thinking is: 1) to shift the focus from the whole sequence to any of its single elements;and 2) to factorise each element to building blocks and rules. One outcome of this emerging calculus is to understand the interconnectivity in a family of sequences, without which they are seen as discrete entities with no interconnectivity. Arithmetic calculus is a step closer towards deriving a “Tree of Numbers” reminiscent of the Tree of Life. Another windfall outcome is to show that the deconvolution problem is explicitly well-posed but at the same time implicitly ill-conditioned;and this challenges a misconception that this problem is ill-posed. If the thinking in this paper is not new, this paper forges it through a mathematical spin by presenting new terms, definitions, notations and operators. The return for these out of the blue new aspects is far reaching.

A Mean-Field Stochastic Maximum Principle for Optimal Control of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps via Malliavin Calculus

This paper considers a mean-field type stochastic control problem where the dynamics is governed by a forward and backward stochastic differential equation (SDE) driven by Lévy processes and the information available to the controller is possibly less than the overall information. All the system coefficients and the objective performance functional are allowed to be random, possibly non-Markovian. Malliavin calculus is employed to derive a maximum principle for the optimal control of such a system where the adjoint process is explicitly expressed.

哈佛大学94年版《Calculus》微积分评介

1:介绍CCH 近年来受到计算机、信息科学发展的冲击,国内外数学及教材的改革一直在进行中。本文介绍美国国家自然基金组资助的,以哈佛大学为首的微积分教材改革协作组所创新的微积分教材:《Calculus》Produced by the Consortium based at Harvard and funded by a

408 CASES OF URINARY CALCULUS TREATED BY AURICULOACUPOINT PRESSURE

Urinary calculus is a common disease,for which treatment at present is bymedication,surgery or ultrasonic vibrations.Since 1984,inspired by treatment of biliarycalculi by auriculoacupoint pressure,the au-thor has applied this therapeutic modality tourinary calculi with good effects of analgesiaand stone expulsion.

Improved Qualitative Trajectory Calculus for Pair-Activity Analysis

Trajectory provides the most robust feature for activity recognition in far-field surveillance videos,in which increasing attentions have been given to the use of qualitative methods with symbolic rather than real-value features.Qualitative trajectory calculus(QTC)showed a good performance in pair-activity from video.However,QTC and similar works are not good at dealing with noise,since they are all considering short-term features.To deal with the problems mentioned above,two types of long-term features,including sub-trajectory feature and point-trajectory feature,are designed.The sub-trajectory feature is a long-term feature in a coarse granularity,while the point-trajectory feature is a long-term feature in a relatively fine granularity.Using the sub-trajectory feature,a couple of trajectories are segmented into sub-trajectories and enveloping boxes are used to substitute the original sub-trajectory for capturing the major attributes.The point-trajectory feature describes the relationship between a single point in one trajectory and all parts of the other trajectory.The experiments on the human activity classification data demonstrated that our proposed methods are better than the original QTC and previous short-term features.

NVIS HF signal propagation in ionosphere using calculus of variations

Modeling Near Vertical Incidence Sounding(NVIS) High Frequency(HF) signal propagation in the ionosphere is important. Because, ionosondes which are special types of radars probing the ionosphere with certain HF frequencies(between 2 and 30 MHz), work mostly in NVIS mode(where elevation angle is between 89 and 90°). In this work, we are going to propose a new method for NVIS wave propagation in the ionosphere by discretizing the NVIS wave propagation path into mediums in which the refractive index changes linearly, where we solve the ray propagation in each medium analytically using calculus of variations and use Snell's Law at medium changes. The main advantage of the proposed solution is the reduced computational complexity and time. This algorithm can be used to simulate and compare the behavior of vertical ionosondes together with other ray tracing algorithms.