Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a devastating disease, mainly because of metastasis. As a result, there is a need to better understand the molecular basis of invasion and metastasis and to identify new biomarkers and therap...Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a devastating disease, mainly because of metastasis. As a result, there is a need to better understand the molecular basis of invasion and metastasis and to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to aid in managing these tumors. The actin cytoskeleton and actin-binding proteins are known to play an important role in the process of cancer metastasis because they control and execute essential steps in cell motility and contractility as well as cell division. Caldesmon(CaD) is an actin-binding protein encoded by the CALD1 gene as multiple transcripts that mainly encode two protein isoforms: High-molecular-weight CaD, expressed in smooth muscle, and low-molecular weight CaD(l-CaD), expressed in nonsmooth muscle cells. According to our comprehensive review of the literature, CaD, particularly l-CaD, plays a key role in the development, metastasis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in colorectal, breast, and urinary bladder cancers and gliomas, among other malignancies. CaD is involved in many aspects of the carcinogenic hallmarks, including epithelial mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-beta signaling, angiogenesis, resistance to hormonal therapy, and immune evasion. Recent data show that CaD is expressed in tumor cells as well as in stromal cells, such as cancerassociated fibroblasts, where it modulates the tumor microenvironment to favor the tumor. Interestingly, CaD undergoes selective tumor-specific splicing, and the resulting isoforms are generally not expressed in normal tissues, making these transcripts ideal targets for drug design. In this review, we will analyze these features of CaD with a focus on CRC and show how the currently available data qualify CaD as a potential candidate for targeted therapy in addition to its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.展开更多
Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media to intima constitutes a critical step in the development of proliferative vascular diseases. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of VSMCs motility, th...Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media to intima constitutes a critical step in the development of proliferative vascular diseases. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of VSMCs motility, the roles of caldesmon (CaD) were investigated previously. CaD is an actin-binding protein dynamically regulating cytoskeleton structure. In this study, the potential role of CaD in mediating proliferation and motility of VSMCs were discussed. First, structural effect of CaD on cytoskeleton integrity was analyzed with CaD knock-down;second, the proliferation of VSMCs was measured in CaD knock-down and control cells;third, the specific role of CaD on VSMCs motilities was evaluated with in vitro migration and invasion assays. We found that CaD is an integral component to maintain cytoskeleton integrity of VSMCs. Our data indicated that CaD suppression does not show significant influence on VSMCs proliferation, but negatively modulates the motilities of VSMCs, and CaD depletion would significantly facilitate migration and invasion of VSMCs.展开更多
肠道平滑肌的收缩和舒张与粗细肌丝的调节密切相关。Caldesmon作为一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白,是参与肠道平滑肌粗细肌丝调节的重要收缩蛋白之一,可通过与肌动蛋白、肌球蛋白和原肌球蛋白交联,阻碍肌动蛋白与肌球蛋白的结合,从而抑制肠道平...肠道平滑肌的收缩和舒张与粗细肌丝的调节密切相关。Caldesmon作为一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白,是参与肠道平滑肌粗细肌丝调节的重要收缩蛋白之一,可通过与肌动蛋白、肌球蛋白和原肌球蛋白交联,阻碍肌动蛋白与肌球蛋白的结合,从而抑制肠道平滑肌的收缩。然而,Caldesmon的磷酸化修饰可以逆转这种抑制作用。Caldesmon可以被不同信号通路中的蛋白激酶刺激,引起自身的磷酸化,促进肌动蛋白与肌球蛋白的结合,进一步导致肠道平滑肌的收缩,在肠道动力障碍疾病中起到关键作用。分别以“Caldesmon”、“平滑肌”、“磷酸化”和以“Caldesmon”、“smooth muscle”、“phosphorylation”、“actin”、“myosin”、“contraction and relaxation”为主题词在中国知网(CNKI)、百度学术和PubMed数据库中查找Caldesmon与平滑肌或肠道平滑肌相关文献。该文就Caldesmon及其磷酸化参与调节肠道平滑肌收缩舒张的功能以及介导Caldesmon磷酸化的相关上游信号通路等方面进行综述,旨在为以基于Caldesmon及其磷酸化调节肠道平滑肌收缩舒张为靶点的临床疾病治疗提供理论依据。展开更多
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a devastating disease, mainly because of metastasis. As a result, there is a need to better understand the molecular basis of invasion and metastasis and to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to aid in managing these tumors. The actin cytoskeleton and actin-binding proteins are known to play an important role in the process of cancer metastasis because they control and execute essential steps in cell motility and contractility as well as cell division. Caldesmon(CaD) is an actin-binding protein encoded by the CALD1 gene as multiple transcripts that mainly encode two protein isoforms: High-molecular-weight CaD, expressed in smooth muscle, and low-molecular weight CaD(l-CaD), expressed in nonsmooth muscle cells. According to our comprehensive review of the literature, CaD, particularly l-CaD, plays a key role in the development, metastasis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in colorectal, breast, and urinary bladder cancers and gliomas, among other malignancies. CaD is involved in many aspects of the carcinogenic hallmarks, including epithelial mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-beta signaling, angiogenesis, resistance to hormonal therapy, and immune evasion. Recent data show that CaD is expressed in tumor cells as well as in stromal cells, such as cancerassociated fibroblasts, where it modulates the tumor microenvironment to favor the tumor. Interestingly, CaD undergoes selective tumor-specific splicing, and the resulting isoforms are generally not expressed in normal tissues, making these transcripts ideal targets for drug design. In this review, we will analyze these features of CaD with a focus on CRC and show how the currently available data qualify CaD as a potential candidate for targeted therapy in addition to its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.
文摘Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media to intima constitutes a critical step in the development of proliferative vascular diseases. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of VSMCs motility, the roles of caldesmon (CaD) were investigated previously. CaD is an actin-binding protein dynamically regulating cytoskeleton structure. In this study, the potential role of CaD in mediating proliferation and motility of VSMCs were discussed. First, structural effect of CaD on cytoskeleton integrity was analyzed with CaD knock-down;second, the proliferation of VSMCs was measured in CaD knock-down and control cells;third, the specific role of CaD on VSMCs motilities was evaluated with in vitro migration and invasion assays. We found that CaD is an integral component to maintain cytoskeleton integrity of VSMCs. Our data indicated that CaD suppression does not show significant influence on VSMCs proliferation, but negatively modulates the motilities of VSMCs, and CaD depletion would significantly facilitate migration and invasion of VSMCs.
文摘肠道平滑肌的收缩和舒张与粗细肌丝的调节密切相关。Caldesmon作为一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白,是参与肠道平滑肌粗细肌丝调节的重要收缩蛋白之一,可通过与肌动蛋白、肌球蛋白和原肌球蛋白交联,阻碍肌动蛋白与肌球蛋白的结合,从而抑制肠道平滑肌的收缩。然而,Caldesmon的磷酸化修饰可以逆转这种抑制作用。Caldesmon可以被不同信号通路中的蛋白激酶刺激,引起自身的磷酸化,促进肌动蛋白与肌球蛋白的结合,进一步导致肠道平滑肌的收缩,在肠道动力障碍疾病中起到关键作用。分别以“Caldesmon”、“平滑肌”、“磷酸化”和以“Caldesmon”、“smooth muscle”、“phosphorylation”、“actin”、“myosin”、“contraction and relaxation”为主题词在中国知网(CNKI)、百度学术和PubMed数据库中查找Caldesmon与平滑肌或肠道平滑肌相关文献。该文就Caldesmon及其磷酸化参与调节肠道平滑肌收缩舒张的功能以及介导Caldesmon磷酸化的相关上游信号通路等方面进行综述,旨在为以基于Caldesmon及其磷酸化调节肠道平滑肌收缩舒张为靶点的临床疾病治疗提供理论依据。
