2008年5月12日四川汶川大地震发生后,造成一批中小学校和幼儿园坍塌以及随之而来的大量伤亡,似乎不能仅仅用地震的自然力量来解释。如何做好中小学校和幼儿园防震减灾工作?本文以美国地震多发地区加州的《费尔德法令》(The Field Act)为...2008年5月12日四川汶川大地震发生后,造成一批中小学校和幼儿园坍塌以及随之而来的大量伤亡,似乎不能仅仅用地震的自然力量来解释。如何做好中小学校和幼儿园防震减灾工作?本文以美国地震多发地区加州的《费尔德法令》(The Field Act)为例,介绍加州如何通过对建筑设计、结构设计、施工监理和建造质量评估等工作的行政审批和干预,开展公立中小学的防震减灾,或许可以为今后四川震区受到地震影响的学校和幼儿园重建,提供一个参考实例。本文的最主要结论是:通过公开、透明和系统的法律程序,由高层级(省或州一级)政府专业部门领导并组织对建筑结构设计、施工进行严格审查,能够大幅度提高中小学校和幼儿园的防震减灾水平,大规模减少因地震造成的建筑坍塌以及随之而来的人员伤亡。展开更多
Kenneth Pomeranz and other members of the California School hold that China has lagged behind the West mainly because of the geographical distribution of its mineral resources. They emphasize that the Great Divergence...Kenneth Pomeranz and other members of the California School hold that China has lagged behind the West mainly because of the geographical distribution of its mineral resources. They emphasize that the Great Divergence between the East and the West began in very late 1800s. However, the emergence of steam engine, the symbol of the Industrial Revolution, is based on the technology accumulation and inheritance of machine tool industry in 16th century Western Europe. In contrast, China in the Ming Dynasty did not have similar machine tool technologies and even when such Western technologies were introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty-along with clocks and firearms - they were not successfully grafted into Chinese technology tradition. Therefore, China lacked both the key technologies required for an Industrial Revolution and the capability to develop related technologies. The Great Divergence between the East and the West started in the 16th century and the West＇s technological capability in the heavy industry is the very advantage that brought it ahead of China.展开更多
文摘2008年5月12日四川汶川大地震发生后,造成一批中小学校和幼儿园坍塌以及随之而来的大量伤亡,似乎不能仅仅用地震的自然力量来解释。如何做好中小学校和幼儿园防震减灾工作?本文以美国地震多发地区加州的《费尔德法令》(The Field Act)为例,介绍加州如何通过对建筑设计、结构设计、施工监理和建造质量评估等工作的行政审批和干预,开展公立中小学的防震减灾,或许可以为今后四川震区受到地震影响的学校和幼儿园重建,提供一个参考实例。本文的最主要结论是:通过公开、透明和系统的法律程序,由高层级(省或州一级)政府专业部门领导并组织对建筑结构设计、施工进行严格审查,能够大幅度提高中小学校和幼儿园的防震减灾水平,大规模减少因地震造成的建筑坍塌以及随之而来的人员伤亡。
文摘Kenneth Pomeranz and other members of the California School hold that China has lagged behind the West mainly because of the geographical distribution of its mineral resources. They emphasize that the Great Divergence between the East and the West began in very late 1800s. However, the emergence of steam engine, the symbol of the Industrial Revolution, is based on the technology accumulation and inheritance of machine tool industry in 16th century Western Europe. In contrast, China in the Ming Dynasty did not have similar machine tool technologies and even when such Western technologies were introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty-along with clocks and firearms - they were not successfully grafted into Chinese technology tradition. Therefore, China lacked both the key technologies required for an Industrial Revolution and the capability to develop related technologies. The Great Divergence between the East and the West started in the 16th century and the West＇s technological capability in the heavy industry is the very advantage that brought it ahead of China.
