Hydrocarbon Inclusion Characteristics in the Cambrian-Ordovician Carbonates of the TS2 Well:Implication for Deep Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin,Northwest China

Going deep has been the strategy for the sustainable development of the Tahe Oilfield.Following the TS1 well in block 1,which revealed excellent combinations of hydrocarbon generation,migration and accumulation in the deeper parts of the Tarim Basin,the TS2 well was drilled to learn more about the prospectivity in the deeper parts of the main blocks of the Tahe Oilfield.Seventeen core samples were collected to perform fluid inclusion studies,including petrography,fluorescence microspectrometry,and microthermometry.The results show that the deeper parts of the Tahe Oilfield have a good hydrocarbon potential.The Cambrian source rocks can supply sufficient oil for not only the Cambrian reservoirs,but also for the Lower Ordovician reservoirs.The CambrianOrdovician carbonates reservoirs experienced at least three oil charging events and one late gas charging event.Oil accumulations formed in the early stage of basin evolution were likely destroyed in the late stage with deep burial,tectonic movements,or invasion of hydrothermal fluids.Therefore,the deep hydrocarbon exploration of the Tahe Oilfield,even the whole Tarim Basin,should focus on gas accumulations,although oil accumulations,especially in Cambrian reservoirs,cannot be neglected.

鄂尔多斯盆地寒武系-奥陶系天然气成藏模式及有利勘探区

鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界寒武系—奥陶系海相地层经过30多年的勘探开发,已累计提交了超万亿立方米的天然气三级规模储量,并取得了一系列重大理论成果。面对中国逐年上升的油气需求,维持产量快速增长与勘探接替领域后备资源不足的矛盾日益突出,迫切需要寻找规模储量来夯实资源基础。为了寻找新的潜在天然气勘探领域,在已取得的天然气勘探成果基础上,通过地震、野外剖面、钻井岩心、微观薄片及化验测试等资料分析,重点对鄂尔多斯盆地寒武系—奥陶系烃源岩条件、储集层特征及天然气成藏模式开展了系统研究,并预测了有利勘探区。研究结果表明:①盆地寒武系具有“新生古储、侧向供烃”和“下生上储、断裂输导供烃”天然气成藏模式,上古生界煤系烃源岩和下寒武统烃源岩是寒武系气藏的供烃源岩,发育规模的裂缝—孔隙(洞)型白云岩储层有利于天然气聚集;②盆地东部奥陶系盐下地层具有“自生自储、断裂输导供烃”天然气成藏模式,其内部发育的泥质烃源岩和分散可溶有机质2类海相烃源岩具备供烃能力,沿古隆起分布的白云岩储层可为天然气富集提供规模储集空间;③盆地西部具有海相页岩“源内自生自储”与白云岩“上生下储、断裂侧接供烃”2种天然气成藏模式,克里摩里组和乌拉力克组泥(页)岩具备规模供烃能力,沿隆起发育的白云岩储层和沿坳陷发育的页岩储层具备规模储集能力。结论认为,盆地南部吴起—环县与正宁—黄陵地区寒武系、盆地东部榆林—靖边地区奥陶系马二段—马三段和盆地西部陶乐地区与马家滩地区奥陶系白云岩是下一步寻找油气规模发现的战略领域,该研究成果对于指导鄂尔多斯盆地寒武系—奥陶系油气勘探选区及有利目标评价具有重要意义。

Sedimentary geochemistry of the Cambrian-Ordovician cherts: Implication on archipelagic ocean of North Qilian orogenic belt

The Caledonian North Qilian orogenic belt lies between the North China plate and the Qaidam mi-croplates, and resulted from the collision among the Qaidam microplate, mid-Qilian block and the North China plate. The orogen initiated from the rifting of the Late Proterozoic Rodinia, and then it experi-enced stages of Cambrian rift basin and Ordovician archipelagic oceanic basin, and foreland basin during Silurian to Early-Middle Devonian. The average ratios of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn), Al/(Al+Fe), δ Ce, Lan/Ybn and Lan/Cen from cherts of Cambrian Heicigou Formation are 0.797, 0.627, 1.114, 0.994 and 1.034 re-spectively. In the NAS standardized REE distribution pattern, the cherts from Xiangqianshan is slightly HREE enriched, and the cherts from Ganluci and Shiqingdong are plane. All of these features indicated that Cambrian cherts of the Heicigou Formation originated from a continental margin rift background. On the contrary, the average ratios of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn), Al/(Al+Fe), δ Ce, Lan/Ybn, Lan/Cen of the Ordovician chert from Dakecha, Cuijiadun, Shihuigou, Laohushan, Heicigou, Maomaoshan, Bianmagou, Da-chadaban, Baiquanmen, Jiugequan and Angzanggou, are respectively 0.72, 0.58, 0.99, 1.09 and 0.96 respectively. Their NAS standardized REE distribution patterns of most Ordovician cherts are plane mode or slightly HREE enriched. The REE distribution pattern of few samples of cherts are slightly LREE enriched. Characteristics of sedimentary geochemistry and tectonic evolution demonstrated that the Cambrian-Ordovician cherts, associated with rift, oceanic, island arc and back-arc volcanic rocks, was not formed in a typical abyssal oceanic basin or mid-oceanic ridge. On the contrary, they formed in a deepwater basin of continental margin or a archipelagic ocean tectonic setting. Several Early Paleo-zoic ophiolite belts in North Qilian and adjacent periphery Qaidam microplate imply that an archipelagic ocean during Ordovician existed in the east of Pro-Tethys.

Carbon isotope composition and correlation across the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in Kalpin Region of the Tarim Basin, China

Biostratigraphically constrained sequences at the Wushi Yingshan and Kalpin Cement Plant sections (Kalpin Region; Tarim Basin) were densely sampled for geochemical studies. Carbonates across the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary of both sections mainly record negative carbon isotope values. Stable isotope curves show four negative and four positive excursions appearing alternately at the Wushi Yingshan section and five negative alternating with five positive excursions at the Kalpin Cement Plant section. The carbon isotope logs of these two sections are correlated with the international Cambrian-Ordovician boundary key sections: (1) Dayangcha section in China, (2) Green Point section in Canada, (3) Black mountain section in Australia and (4) Lowson Cove section in USA. These correlations suggest that the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary of the Wushi Yingshan section and the Kalpin Cement Plant section can be placed within a particular horizon that also corresponds to the observed biostratigraphic units.

Cambrian-Ordovician sequence stratigraphy on the northern Tarim Platform and its correlation with Yangtze Platform and North China Platform

The Cambrian and Ordovician on the northern Tarim Platform are mainly composed of carbonates. On the basis of detailed outcrop analysis, the sequence stratigraphic system of the Cambrian-Ordovician in the northern Tarim Platform is outlined in this paper. Altogether 35 third-order sequences, 12 supersequences, 4 supersequence sets and 2 megasequences are recognized. The characteristics of the major sequence boundaries have been documented with an integrated examination of outcrop, seismic and borehole data, and the ages of these sequence boundaries have been calibrated through the combination of sequence stratigraphy with biostratigraphy. It is discovered that there is good correlation of the sequence stratigraphy of the Cambrian-Ordovician among Tarim, Yangtze and North China platforms. This may illustrate that the development of the Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate sequences in these three platforms is mainly controlled by regional or global sea level changes. This forms the theoretical basis for the construction of high-resolution chronostratigraphic system of the Cambrian-Ordovician in the three platforms in China.

TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY OF INARTICULATE BRACHIOPODS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCK ON THE CAMBRIAN-ORDOVICIAN BOUNDARY

That the contents and compositions of trace elements, especially REE in sedimentary rock and agustite originating from inarticulate brachiopods, conodont, etc. change in the vertical direction usually has a close relation with the stratigraphic boundary of important biologies. This paper systematically analyses REE and 16 trace elements such as U, Th, Sr, Ba, Co, Ni, Cr, V, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sc, Au, As in sedimentary rocks and the agustite on the standard stratified section of the Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary in Dayangcha, Huniiang, Jilin Province. Based on this, the authors investigate the REE distribution pattern and the law of the contents and compositions of trace elements changing, providing the geochemical evidence for building stratified sections of the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary and discussing sedimentary environments.

Relations between spatial distribution and sequence types of the Cambrian-Ordovician marine source rocks in Tarim Basin

Marine source rocks are considered to be mainly composed of the Cambrian-Ordovician deposit in Tarim Basin. Based on the previous studies made by other researchers, the authors calculated the thickness and distribution scale of these Cambrian-Ordovician source rocks by integrating sequence stratigraphy with investigations on sedimentary environments, well-shooting demarcating and calibrating the thickness of unknown source rocks with the thickness of the known ones according to characteristics of the source rocks that have "double track" seismic lineup reflectance. The results showed that the distribution area of the Lower-Cambrian Yuertusi Fm. source rock in platform inner depressions, slopes and deep basins is much bigger than that of the Middle Cambrian evaporite-lagoon source rock. Moreover, the former is superior to the latter in terms of the source rock quality. Likewise, the Middle-Ordovician Heituao Fm. source rock in the slopes and deep basins has a much wider distribution and better quality than the Upper Ordovician, and its quality is also better than those of the Shaergan and Yinggan Fms. source rock within platforms as well as the lime-mud-mound source rock along the fringe of the Upper-Ordovician platform. Most good Lower-Cambrian source rocks of the Kalpin outcrop lie on the initial ingression surface or in the condensed member of the Type I sequence. In this section, the source rock in Type II is inferior to that in Type I, even being far from an effective one (TOC: <0.5%). Likewise, the good Middle-Ordovician Heituao source rock also lies on the initial ingression surface or in the condensed member of the Type I sequence, while the poor Yinggan source rock and the lime-mud-mound along the fringe of the platform develop all in the Type II sequence. Under the condition of the same sea-level rising altitude and time, the ingression displacement (S1) at the base border in Type I is larger than S2 in Type II. Thus, the distribution of the source rock developed above the base border in Type I is wider than that in Type II. The maximal ingression range dominates the ultimate distribution of source rocks. Because S1 is greater than S2, the relative rate of ingression on the base border of Type I is obviously bigger than that of Type II. The difference in ingression rate is one of the factors that lead to the superiority of the source rock at the base border in Type I to that Type II . Therefore, it is of great significance to study the spatial distribution, developing era and quality determination of source rocks by means of sequence stratigrahpy.

Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of Cambrian-Ordovician strata at the Jinggangshan area in Jiangxi Province: Tectonic implications

Whole-rock Sm-Nd isotopes were investigated for Cambrian-Ordovician strata from the Jinggangshan area between the Yangtze Block and Cathysia Block in South China. These strata were deposited as a greatly thick unit of muddy-sandy laminas with intercalated carbonate and organic carbon-bearing layers. They have low εNd(t) values of –13.9 to –7.9 and old Nd model ages of 1842 to 2375 Ma. In tDM-tStr diagram, they are far away from the concordant line but fall within the evolution zone of the Proterozoic crust of South China. This indicates that the Cambrian-Ordovician strata are mainly composed of mat- ters eroded from ancient Paleoproterozoic crust that may mainly consist of continental-derived detrital sediments with high maturity in the Cathysia Block. However, the Ordovician Jueshangou Formation and Dui’ershi Formation have εNd(t) values of –10.5 and –7.9 at the higher end of the above range and Nd model ages of 1842 to 2059 Ma at the lower end of the above range. This suggests involvement of more detritus that were eroded from the relatively juvenile crust from Late Paleoproterozoic to the Early Neoproterozoic. All the Nd model ages for the Cambrian-Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the Cathysia Block and the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block are older than 1800 Ma, suggesting that no material from the Early Paleozoic depleted mantle-derived magmas was involved in these regions.

典型碳酸盐岩大气田规模聚集差异性及其主控因素——以四川盆地安岳气田和鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田为例

四川盆地安岳气田和鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田分别是中国迄今为止发现的总体规模最大和单层规模最大的两个海相碳酸盐岩特大型气田。基于对成藏体系理论中的气藏源-位结构、油气成藏过程及关键要素时-空配置等的解剖,认为安岳气田和靖边气田发育多种源-位结构,烃源体-圈闭体高效配置,但安岳气田为继承性古隆起上的古油藏裂解气“原位”聚集成藏,而靖边气田为斜坡背景构造转换枢纽带调整成藏。三大关键因素控制安岳和靖边两类大气田的规模富集:(1)烃源体均经历异常热事件,热流值超过70 mW/m^(2)的热事件持续时间约70 Myr,不同类型烃源体已充分裂解并形成以甲烷为主的气体,气源充足;(2)发育有利岩相叠加岩溶作用的多层叠置规模优质储集体,有良好的储集空间;(3)发育构造、构造-岩性、地层-岩性、岩性等多类型规模圈闭体,具备规模有效聚集场所。古油藏范围内或邻近烃源体的高能滩体与岩性致密带匹配区是下一步寻找规模天然气聚集的有利勘探领域。

塔里木盆地顺北地区东西部海相油气成藏差异

塔里木盆地顺北地区东西部海相油气成藏差异明显,自东向西油气主要表现为由富到贫,勘探风险明显加大。通过对满加尔坳陷西缘的顺北东部和阿瓦提坳陷东缘的顺北西部油气成藏的分析,对比海相油气成藏条件的差异性,明确二者成藏差异的原因。以顺北1、4、8号断裂带东北段为代表的顺北东部近年来不断获得高产,油气多期成藏,油气富集特征明显;但阿瓦提坳陷东缘的顺北西部钻探结果不理想,表现为以早期成藏为主,且油气成藏规模不大。顺北东西部存在烃源层分布条件、生烃演化史、烃源资源规模、成藏期及成藏模式等差异,主要表现为东部多源多期成藏和西部单源单期成藏。顺北东部紧邻满加尔生烃坳陷区,长期处于四源供烃条件,属于多源多期成藏;而顺北西部要么是本地的寒武系玉尔吐斯组烃源岩早期成藏,要么是阿瓦提坳陷奥陶系烃源岩晚期成藏,属于单源单期成藏。阿瓦提东缘英买力油田及近年来英西1井奥陶系的突破表明,阿瓦提海相油气以海西晚期成藏为主,喜马拉雅期成藏为辅。阿瓦提坳陷周缘烃源岩发育相对较差,海相油气藏分布局限,油气资源规模也有限。

敦煌地块寒武纪—早奥陶世中酸性侵入体:古亚洲洋南缘古生代早期俯冲的记录

一直以来,敦煌地块缺少1.6-0.46Ga的地质记录,从而严重制约了对该地块在新元古代和早古生代期间地质构造演化的全面认识。通过1:5万区域地质调查,本次工作在敦煌地块东北缘新发现了寒武纪-早奥陶世小宛山岩体、截山子岩体和小宛南岩体等多个中酸性侵入体,测得其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为517±3Ma、480±3Ma和473±3Ma,由此厘定出敦煌地块目前古生代最古老的侵入岩体及早奥陶世侵入岩体。通过这些岩体的岩石岩相学、岩石地球化学特征、岩石成因及大地构造环境分析,表明它们属于与洋壳俯冲消减作用有关的活动陆缘环境下形成的富钠质I型花岗岩。其中,小宛山花岗闪长质岩体是在低压低温条件下由玄武质地幔楔部分熔融而成,同时受到俯冲流体的强烈交代;截山子岩体和小宛南岩体则是在高压低温富水条件下,由新生镁铁质洋壳发生部分熔融并受到地幔楔强烈混染而形成,虽然它们均属于(类)O型埃达克岩,但其部分熔融的压力及其残留矿物组合不同。上述研究揭示敦煌地块北缘早古生代517Ma就存在俯冲作用,且至少持续了44Myr。结合区域地质资料和以往研究成果,敦煌地块北缘早古生代洋陆转换过程可分为三个阶段:(1)晚震旦世-早寒武世(574-518Ma),敦煌地块北缘被动陆缘演化阶段;(2)寒武纪第二世-早奥陶世(517-471Ma),敦煌地块北缘活动陆缘演化阶段,期间,古亚洲洋南支洋分别向敦煌地块和石板山地块/马鬃山地块发生双向俯冲消减;(3)中奥陶世-早泥盆世(464-412Ma),敦煌地块与石板山地块/马鬃山地块碰撞造山阶段,期间古亚洲洋南支洋闭合。

川西北部地区寒武系—奥陶系的地层格架新认识及地质意义

为查明川西北部地区是否发育完整的寒武系—奥陶系的地层格架,以赋予该地区地震资料新提出的德阳—绵阳拗陷地质意义以及支撑厘清该地区构造—沉积演化过程,从而更加精准服务于油气的风险勘探部署工作。利用野外剖面精测以及锆石U-Pb同位素定年分析等手段对川西北部地区多个寒武系—奥陶系剖面的岩石类型、沉积序列以及年代归属等进行了研究。研究结果表明:①川西北部地区原定义的“筇竹寺组”顶部最大沉积年龄峰值约为505 Ma,磨刀垭组最大沉积年龄约为479 Ma;前者限定了筇竹寺组顶部的沉积时限晚于芙蓉世,后者限定了其沉积时限晚于中奥陶世。综合表明研究区可能发育连续的寒武系—奥陶系,并非缺失中上寒武统—中下奥陶统。②川西北地区寒武纪—奥陶纪时期发育潮坪→浅水陆棚→滨岸→三角洲→碳酸盐岩台地沉积环境,经历了细粒碎屑岩→粗碎屑岩→碳酸盐岩的沉积充填过程。③沉积环境可能受到加里东期的郁南、都匀、广西等多幕次构造运动的影响。④研究结果不仅为前人新提出的该地区发育寒武纪—奥陶纪局部拗陷提供地质证据,而且为四川盆地西北缘构造—沉积格局的进一步厘定奠定了基础。

塔里木盆地富满油田F_(Ⅰ)16断裂发育特征及其对油气分布的影响

利用三维地震、多层相干分析、振幅变化率、储层岩心分析及油气分布特征等资料,对塔里木盆地富满油田F_(Ⅰ)16断裂的空间展布特征、活动强度及期次进行了分析,并探讨了断裂的控储控藏作用。研究结果表明:①富满油田F_(Ⅰ)16断裂具有平面分段、垂向分层的特征。平面上由北往南可划分为3段,北段沿NE 10°展布,发育似马尾状构造;中段沿NE 20°展布,处于断裂走向转换部位,主要发育左阶斜列;南段沿NE 30°展布,具有强线性延伸特征,以右阶斜列为主;垂向上可划分为上寒武统底面以下的深部构造变形层和上寒武统底—奥陶系一间房组顶面浅部构造变形层,深层断裂活动较弱,分支发育较少,仅局部发育花状构造,浅层断裂活动强,花状构造普遍发育,且垂向上存在“多花叠置”及破碎带内地层同沉积的现象。②F_(Ⅰ)16断裂在富满油田的活动主要发生于加里东早期和加里东中期,加里东中期为主要活动期,强度较大且具有多幕次特征;活动强度在平面上表现为“北强南弱”,在垂向上表现出“浅层上拱、深层下降”的特征,浅层断裂活动更强烈。③研究区储层以断控缝洞型为主,受断裂破碎作用控制,平面上沿F_(Ⅰ)16断裂带呈条带状分布,垂向上具有深浅分层叠置的特征;受中寒武统膏盐岩的分布影响,F_(Ⅰ)16断裂带的油气分布具有“南油北气”的特征。

北祁连西段黑峡口锰矿地球化学特征及成因研究

黑峡口锰矿床位于北祁连西段寒武—奥陶纪裂谷带,系晋宁期华北古板块裂解所形成的裂谷带,矿石地球化学特征表明,该矿床属热水沉积的产物。寒武纪时期黑峡口锰矿受古海底拉张断裂控制的火山喷气(液),以及深成热水作用形成的与火山沉积建造密切共生的海底热水沉积矿床作用。后经次生改造,使含锰岩系褶皱上升地表,部分锰质被淋滤,迁移,形成北祁连造山带中的锰矿成矿带。成矿带东西长约450 km,西段南北宽30 km,东段南北宽25 km,总体呈一个三角形展布格局。

山东省菏泽郓城地区地热资源赋存条件评价

山东省菏泽郓城地区地热资源丰富,主要赋存于奥陶系和寒武系灰岩中,为估算评价该区的地热资源,在收集资料、野外勘查的基础上,施工1眼地热井,结合收集该区30余眼地热井资料,基本查清了郓城地区的地热赋存条件,确定奥陶系和寒武系热储为本次研究对象,对郓城地区地热流体质量进行了评价,地热资源量进行了计算。评价结果,为持续做好郓城地区地热资源开发利用工作,带动当地经济发展,构建能源节约型社会提供了数据支持。

永城市寒武奥陶系地热资源赋存特征

地热资源是一种可以再生的绿色能源,其凭借储量大、分布广、低碳环保、利用价值大等优势,近年来受到人们的广泛关注。当前,地热资源的开发利用是全球可再生能源发展的优先方向之一。永城市位于河南省最东部,受区域构造影响,地热资源丰富,尤其是寒武奥陶系地层。本文以永城市为例,结合区域地质背景,分析地热地质特征,采用热储法计算地热资源储量,从而明确寒武奥陶系地热资源赋存特征,推进地热资源可持续开发利用。

塔里木盆地寒武纪—奥陶纪优质烃源岩沉积与古环境变化的关系:碳氧同位素新证据

对塔里木盆地东部塔东2井上震旦统和寒武系—奥陶系样品进行TOC和碳、氧同位素及微量元素分析,发现该井稳定碳、氧同位素值在寒武系—中奥陶统发生明显变化,该层还赋存高有机质丰度烃源岩,其TOC值的高低可反映当时的生物产率和埋藏率。碳和氧同位素值在寒武系/上震旦统分界处正向漂移,说明正好在进入寒武纪前气候明显变冷,海平面下降。接着,下寒武统底部以碳和氧同位素值的快速负向漂移为标志,表明古气候迅速变暖和海平面大幅度上升,烃源岩TOC值也达到全井柱最高值。古气候显著波动、海平面最高及其频繁变化和沉积物高TOC是早寒武世的显著特征;而晚寒武世—早奥陶世,同位素正向漂移,暗示海平面下降,沉积物TOC也随之下降并降至最低;到了早奥陶世末,即早、中奥陶世的过渡时期,同位素又开始负向漂移,TOC又开始升高;中奥陶世,同位素强烈负向漂移,TOC又升至新高。稳定碳、氧同位素值的变化及其所指示的古气候与海平面变化,以及与TOC的响应关系,指示冰期、冰后期之交,古气候迅速变暖和海平面大幅度上升有利于烃源岩发育;同时暗示,δ13C、δ18O与生烃母质生物的有机生产率、有机埋藏率之间存在某种内在联系。即高TOC含量反映高的有机生产率和高的有机埋藏率;而与其同步反方向变化的δ13C、δ18O则暗示海平面较高,沉积环境属远陆海域,表层水中生烃母质生物的光合作用很强。而有机质的高产率和高埋藏率,导致海水中δ12C和δ16O被大量地固定在沉积物中。这样,就使海水中相对富集13C和18O重同位素而使海水变“重”;而这种“重”海水,又导致了同时期浅水区碳酸盐沉积物的δ13C和δ18O值明显增高。

鄂尔多斯地区早古生代岩相古地理

鄂尔多斯地区早古生代沉积了一套以海相碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩为主的沉积建造,沉积厚度巨大,沉积类型多样,可以划分为海岸沉积、碳酸盐岩台地沉积、台地边缘沉积和深水斜坡—海槽沉积4大沉积类型以及数个亚相和微相,并对各个沉积相带的沉积特征和时空展布进行了归纳和总结。在此基础上,编制了早古生代岩相古地理图1套。岩相古地理研究表明,早寒武世仅在鄂尔多斯西南缘环陆发育了一套泥砂坪、泥云坪沉积;中寒武世海侵扩大,广大的鄂尔多斯中东部逐渐由砂泥坪发展为局限—开阔台地沉积,在其西缘发展为台地边缘—深水海槽沉积;晚寒武世开始海退,中东部主体演变为局限台地云坪沉积,而西侧的深水斜坡—海槽则继续发育。早奥陶世鄂尔多斯主体为一古陆,仅在东南缘形成环陆泥云坪和云灰坪相沉积;中奥陶世的大规模海侵使鄂尔多斯大部地区形成了广阔的浅水陆表海沉积,在陕北凹陷发育膏盐湖沉积,向外依次发育局限台地和开阔台地沉积,中奥陶世晚期西南侧开始发育台地前缘斜坡—深水海槽沉积;晚奥陶世的加里东运动使鄂尔多斯整体抬升为陆,仅在西南缘的狭窄海域接受沉积,由碳酸盐岩台地很快过渡为深水斜坡—海槽沉积,并在南缘发育生物礁建造,形成陆缘海型镶边台地沉积。

塔里木克拉通寒武纪—奥陶纪原型盆地、岩相古地理与油气

寒武系—奥陶系是塔里木盆地最重要的海相碳酸盐岩含油气层系。基于板块构造环境、深部构造背景、沉积充填、构造演化、火山活动等分析,对塔里木克拉通寒武纪—奥陶纪原型盆地和岩相古地理进行了恢复,并研究其与油气的关系。根据盆地所受主要构造应力,对寒武纪—早奥陶世伸展构造背景阶段和中、晚奥陶世聚敛挤压构造背景阶段原型盆地及岩相古地理演化进行了分析。重点关注对油气聚集有重要控制作用的盆地内古隆起形成演化、碳酸盐岩台地演化与消亡过程、开阔及局限台地相及台缘相带展布等;总结了寒武系—奥陶系主要烃源岩和储集层发育模式。根据烃源岩发育所处的盆地类型及构造部位,认为塔里木盆地发育3种类型的优质烃源岩;储层主要划分为沉积型礁滩储层以及岩溶储层两大类。沉积型礁滩储层按照发育位置以及形成的控制因素可以分为4种类型,岩溶型储层按照发育部位及形成机理也可以划分为4类。综合考虑盆地构造演化、烃源岩和储层的发育等因素,提出了塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩未来的有利勘探领域。

四川盆地寒武纪—奥陶纪层序岩相古地理、有利储层展布与勘探区带

通过对四川盆地寒武系、奥陶系野外露头剖面、钻井岩心、录井和测井等资料的详细分析,认为寒武系—奥陶系主要发育局限台地相、开阔台地相和台地边缘相。结合地震资料,应用层序地层学理论和方法将寒武系划分为5个三级层序,奥陶系划分为6个三级层序。以三级层序为单元,采用单因素编图、多因素综合的方法,编制了四川盆地及邻区寒武系—奥陶系层序岩相古地理图,认为寒武纪—奥陶纪总体呈现西部以陆源碎屑沉积为主、东部以碳酸盐岩沉积为主的格局,碳酸盐台地演化呈现出由早寒武世早期(梅树村期—筇竹寺期)碎屑-混积陆棚、早寒武世中期(沧浪铺期)缓坡台地向早寒武世晚期(龙王庙期)至中奥陶世镶边台地的转变,在晚奥陶世,因全球海平面上升再加上扬子板块东南被动陆缘向华夏陆块之下俯冲聚敛的构造沉降效应,导致沉积水体快速加深,致使上扬子(四川)台地被淹没而成为较深水缓坡—盆地相。寒武纪从早期陆源碎屑和碳酸盐混积为主转变到晚期清水碳酸盐沉积为主,盆地内部大面积发育局限台地相台内滩和台内白云岩有利储集体;奥陶纪受海侵影响,盆地内部以开阔台地沉积为主,台内滩呈带状分布;晚奥陶世台地被淹没沉积了宝塔组、临湘组及五峰组泥晶灰岩、泥质灰岩及泥岩,成为遍及全盆地的区域盖层,五峰组还可作为优质烃源岩。有利天然气储层为砂屑白云岩、鲕粒白云岩和细粉晶白云岩,溶蚀孔洞发育,储层平均孔隙度2%～6%,储层单层厚度较大,空间上连续性较好。在有利储集体评价的基础上,通过成藏条件综合分析,优选了4个寒武系—奥陶系有利勘探区带,其中乐山—龙女寺古隆起有利区带和泸州古隆起有利区带发育大型构造圈闭,有利储集体大面积分布,有较大勘探潜力。