The Relation between Anther's Nutrient Metabolism and Pollen Abortion of Male Sterile Lines in Lycium barbarum L.

[ Objective] This study deals with the relation between anther nutrient metabolism and pollen abortion of male sterile lines in Lycium barbarum L., and provides some theoretical references for the pollen abortion mechanism of male sterile lines in Lyciurn barbarurn L.. [Method] By using semi-thin section and cytochemistry technology, the accumulation and distribution of anther nutrient of male sterile and fertile lines in Lycium barbarum L. were observed and compared. [ Result] The result showed that after meiosis, starch grains in the connective parenchyma of anther decreased sharply, and starch grains in epidermis and endothecium were also greatly decreased, while nearly no lipid accumulated in tapetal cells in male sterile lines compared with the fertile lines. The tapetal cells and tetraspore had vacuoles appear successively, and then entered the degenerate process. During the degeneration stage of tapetal cells and tetraspore, starch grains in epidermis and endothecium were still in a smell number and in the connective parenchyme as well. [ Conclusion] The decrease of polysaccharide supplying in anther vascular leads to the disorder of mechanism of glycelipid transforming in tapetal ceils, which triggers the tapetal cells degenerating ahead of time, and the latter gives rise to callus wall failing to degenerate in time. Therefore, the tetrads disintegrate and disappear ultimately due to lack of nutrition.

Detection of Distorted Segregation in Genotype of Pollen Calli Derived from Hybrid F_1 of Cultivated Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Using SSR Markers

S-a, S-b and S-c are three loci for F1 pollen sterility in cultivated rice （Oryza sativa L.）. Taichung 65 （T65） is all Sj/Sj at these three loci, while its F1 pollen sterile near-isogenic lines, TISL2 （S-b）, TISL4 （S-a） and TISL5 （S-c） is Sj/Sj according to their respective sterility locus. Using SSR molecular marker to detect the segregation of the allele Si and Sj in pollen calli population induced from different hybrid F1, which have different pollen sterility locus, showed that the segregation of allele Si and Sj was distorted. The distorted direction of pollen calli population in vitro was not the same as F2 population in vivo. The quantities of pollen callus carrying Sj were much more than that of carrying Siat S-a and S-c locus, the ratio of Si and Sj were 1：4.81 and 1：1.96 respectively. But the opposite tendency was observed at S-b locus, the ratio of Si and Sj being 1：0.35. At the same time, all these results were undisturbed by either culture medium or culture period.

Pollen Xenia Effect of High-oil Maize on Kernel Traits of Common Maize

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-oil maize pollen on kernel traits of common maize, so as to provide some basis for the production and quality improvement of high-oil maize. [Method] Three hightoil maize varieties were cultivated to pollinate three common maize varieties. [Result] The kemel yield of common maize was increased or changed slightly, and the embryo weight was increased significantly after they were pollinated with the pollen of hightoil maize. The kemel embryo percentage and protein content of common maizethigh oil maize hybrids were higher than those of common maize inbreds. [Conclusion] The growth and development of kernel embryos, as well as the kernel quality of common maize was improved by pollination with hightoil maize.

A Study on Pollen Viability of Piper colubrinum Link

Pollen viability study on Piper colubrinum Link. carried out to develop interspecific hybridization between P. nigrum L. and P. colubrinum Link.. This plant has good potential as a donor plant in breeding programme for Phytophthora to foot rot resistance in the cultivated species, P. nigrum. This project was carried out to reveal the optimum time to collect pollen of P. colubrinum for artificial pollination. Through this study, anther dehiscence was proved occurred around 9 am. Based on the result obtained from study on the time of anther dehiscence, the pollen was classified into five stages for testing on the viability, i.e., stage 1, before anther dehiscence, i.e., around 7 am （pollen obtained by crushing on the anther）; stage 2： immediately after anther dehiscence, i.e., around 9 am; stage 3： two hours after anther dehiscence, i.e., around 11 am; stage 4： four hours after anther dehiscence, i.e., around 1 pm; and stage 5： six hours after anther dehiscence, i.e., around 3 pm. Data obtained from pollen germination and pollen tube growth study showed that pollen of P. colubrinum was the most viable at two hours after anther dehiscence and onward. It was also proved that the viability can be maintained up to at least eight hours. Pollen obtained before anther dehiscence by crushing on the anther was found less viable with lower percentage of pollen germination and retarded pollen tube growth. In other words, the experiment enlightened that artificial pollination between P. nigrum L. and P. colubrinum Link was ideally to be carded out approximately starting from 11 am until 5 pm, considering the viability of pollen ofP. colubrinum.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Pollen Development Related Gene RsMF2 from Raphanus sativus L.

In the paper, the full length cDNA of RsMF2 gene, homologous with the BcMF2 gene encoding pollen-specificpolygalacturonase of Chinese cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino) was cloned from Raphanussativus L. cv. Yuanbai by PCR, with a pair of primer designed according to the coding sequence of BcMF2. The largestopening reading frame of RsMF2 gene is 1 266 bp in length and encodes a protein of 421 amino acids with a predictedmolecular mass of 43.9 kDa. Sequence analysis revealed that it has three potential N-glycosylation sites and onepolygalacturonase active position (RVTCGPGHGLSVGS). And the first 32 amino acids of the predicted RsMF2 proteinform a N-terminal hydrophobic domain which displays the properties of a signal peptide. The predicted secondarystructure composition for the protein has 6.9% helix, 42.0% sheet and 51.1% loop. Four domains which are highly conservedin the whole plant and fungal PGs is present in RsMF2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RsMF2 falls into the categoryof clade-C, which includes PGs related to pollen. These results indicate that RsMF2 may act as polygalacturonase relatedto pollen development.

Extraction and Structure Investigation of the Poly-saccharides from the Pollen of Typha Angustifolia L.

Three polysaccharides, TAA, TAB, TAC have been isolated from the pollen of Typha angustifolia L. , and purified by hot water extraction, alcohol precipitation, Sevage method, gel filtration (Sephadex G50) and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A25 and DEAE-cellulose. Their purities were tested by gel filtration and electrophoresis. Their structures were characterized by paper chromatography of the hydrolysis products, GLC analysis of the alditol acetates, alkylation analysis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. TAA is mainly composed of a-L-arabinofuanose, β-D-galactose and α-D-galacturonic acid, while the backbones of TAB and TAC are composed of (1→5)-linked α- L-arabinofuranosyl residues.

Introduction of herbicide resistant gene (bar) into maize (Zea mays L.) via pollen tube pathway

The pollen tube pathway method of transformation has been reported to be successful in most crops, but less successfu in maizc. DNA can be transferred by cutting the stigma following pollination and applying the DNA solution in a suitable period DNA presumably reaches the ovary by flowing down the pollen tube and then integrates into the just fertilized but undivided zygotic cells. To provide the molecular evidence for this procedure, the plasmids pGBIRC carrying a CaMV35S promoter-PPT acetyle transferase （bar） gene-nos terminator genc fusion construct were used. Total 3 276 seeds were produced from the ears trcated with DNA. It was found that 35 scedlings were GUS assay positive, but less intense than that of the positive controls, of which 17 were PCR amplification positive. But, only 13 of the seeds from the plants treated with DNA containing the bar gene were found to be resistant compared with the negative control. Less than 1.07% of progeny seedlings tested cxpressed a herbicide positive reaction and polymerase chain reaction （PCR） with seedling DNA did detect the bar genc. Morphological variation was observed in six plants. We succeed in obtain PPT-resistant maize inbred lines via pollen tube pathway

PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM THE POLLEN OF TYPHA ANGUSTIFILIA L.

Three polysaccharides TAA,TAB and TAC were purified from the pollen of Typha An- gustifilia L..TAA is mainly composed of α-L-arabinofuranose,β—D—galactose and α—D—galac- turonic acid.TAB and TAC contain the backbone mainly composed of (1→5)—linked—L—arabi- nosyl residue.

The Effect of Air Pollution on Chenopodium album L. Pollen Structure

Air pollution is harm and discomfort to human or other living organisms, it also causes damage to the environment. The aim of this project was to study the effect of air pollutions on structure and pollen grains development in Chenopodium album. Anthers of Chenopodium album L. were collected at different stages of development from control （less polluted） and polluted areas （mainly SO2, NO2, CO and APM）. Structure and development of pollen grains were studied and compared. The effects of pollution on pollen structure was investigated under Light and Scanning electron microscopy and the results showed that when pollen grains were exposed to polluted air they became abnormality in form and covered with large amounts of pollutants compared to control ones. Pollen abnormalities were seen as irregularity, shrinkage, thinning and breakage of the exine. Cellular material release was induced also. The data presented suggest that prolonged exposures of plants to air pollution may cause different biological effects at the cellular tissue and organ levels.

耐冬山茶(Camellia japonica L.)花粉活力和柱头可授性研究

采用TTC法测定“长柱耐冬”、“深红皱瓣”、“花团锦簇”、“霜红”4个耐冬山茶品种的花粉活力和寿命，采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定4个耐冬山茶品种柱头的可授性。结果表明，‘深红皱瓣’花粉活力在开花期间显著优于‘长柱耐冬’、‘花团锦簇’、‘霜红’3个品种，4个品种的花粉寿命最长可达到37d。4个品种的耐冬山茶柱头在开花1～7d内均具可授性。在1～4d可授性较强，不同的耐冬山茶品种间存在一定差异。

凤仙花属(Impatiens L.)10种植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了10种凤仙花属(Impatiens L.)植物的花粉形态。结果表明:本属花粉为单粒花粉,呈长圆形至长矩圆形,大小为20.3-46.7μm,具角萌发孔,网状纹饰,网眼明显;根据花粉网状纹饰中网眼内是否具颗粒状突起可将其分为2类:(1)网眼内无或近无颗粒状突起,黄金凤(I.siculifer)和婺源凤仙花(I.wuyuanensis)的花粉纹饰属于这一类型;(2)网眼内有明显颗粒状突起,其余8个种的花粉纹饰均属于该类型。研究表明,花粉特征,特别是花粉粒网状纹饰中网眼内有无颗粒状突起及颗粒状突起的形态等特征,在凤仙花属内常具种水平上的可见变异,因而可作为种类划分的依据,它们在分类学上的价值应予以关注。

沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)分类学研究进展

关于蓼科(Polygonaceae)沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)的分类,各分类学家存在着不同的见解,并受到越来越多的分类学家的关注.随着研究的逐步深入,沙拐枣属系统分类学在各方面都取得了一定的进展.本文从经典分类学的角度,对沙拐枣属在形态学、细胞学、孢粉学、进化关系等方面进行总结和论述,并提出了研究中所存在的科学问题,并针对相关问题进行了讨论.

内蒙古野豌豆属(Vicia L.)植物的花粉形态研究

利用扫描电子显微镜观察了内蒙古境内１３种野豌豆属植物的花粉形态，系统报道了１２种植物的花粉形态．观察结果表明，野豌豆属植物花粉的形状、萌发孔及外壁饰纹等特征在种内是稳定的．此外，利用花粉形态特征，对复合种的分类进行了进一步的探讨．

油菜花粉多糖对荷瘤鼠脾细胞IL-2、TNF-α产生及其mRNA表达的影响

【目的】研究油菜花粉多糖(LBPP)对荷瘤鼠脾细胞IL-2、TNF-α的诱生及其mRNA表达的影响。【方法】通过动物抑制性肿瘤法制备肿瘤模型,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测IL-2、TNF-α含量,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测IL-2、TNF-α mRNA的表达。【结果】LBPP有明显抗肿瘤作用,200mg·kg-1高剂量组抑瘤率可达51.26%,明显优于环磷酰胺46.22%;LBPP可显著促进荷瘤鼠脾细胞IL-2、TNF-α分泌(P<0.01),提高荷瘤鼠脾细胞IL-2、TNF-α mRNA的表达(P<0.01),高剂量组提高率分别达56.37%、105.24%、1364%和1289%。【结论】LBPP通过提高机体IL-2、TNF-α mRNA的表达而发挥抗肿瘤作用。

水稻籼粳亚种间杂种低温花粉不育的QTL分析

为探明籼粳杂种低温花粉不育的遗传基础,以籼稻品种3037和粳型广亲和品种02428的F2分离群体进行了低温花粉不育的遗传分析。推迟播种后,F2群体各单株孕穗期的日平均温度为21～23℃,调查了F2群体各单株的花粉育性。利用108对SSR引物构建了包含157个F2单株,覆盖12条染色体的分子标记连锁图谱。该连锁图的总长度为1857.8cM,标记间平均距离为16.26cM,标记较均匀地分布在12条染色体上。采用区间作图法对F2群体花粉不育进行QTL分析,共检测到2个低温花粉不育QTLs,即qLTSPS2和qLTSPS5,分别位于第2、5染色体,其加性效应分别为0.021、0.045,显性效应分别为-0.246、-0.251,显性度分别为11.7和4.8,具有超显性效应,超显性是QTL作用的主要方式,这2个位点杂合基因型在低温环境下具有降低花粉育性的作用,分别解释表型变异的15.6%、11.9%。另外,两因素的方差分析表明这两个QTL之间不存在互作。

华北地区繁缕属Stellaria L.的花粉扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电子显微镜对华北地区繁缕属植物11种2变种进行了观察和研究。结果表明：华北繁缕属植物的花粉为球形,极少长球形;萌发孔类型为散孔型,萌发孔8~18个;孔膜突出或下陷,具疣状或颗粒状附属物;表面纹饰为刺状,夹杂有小穴分布。孔膜的特点、孔穴的密度、萌发孔的数目等在种内表现出了多变性。花粉形态在该属内表现出较高的一致性,但在类群的划分方面意义不大。

内蒙古岩黄芪属（HedysarumL．）植物花粉形态及其分类

用扫描电镜观察了内蒙古产岩黄芪属８种、２变种植物的花粉形态．该属植物花粉形态相对一致，但在花粉粒形状、纹饰结构和孔膜等方面有差异．根据形状和孔膜特点本属花粉可分为近球形、近长球形、长球形和超长球形及孔膜外突和不外突序类型；以外壁纹饰特征又可分为网状、细网一穿孔状和穿孔状纹饰三类．结合其他分类学特征．对一些种进行了讨论和分类学处理，同时支持建立新变种：戈壁岩黄芪ＨｅｄｙｓａｒｕｍｆｒｕｔｉｃｏｓｕｍＰａｌｌ．ｖａｒ．ｇｏｂｉｃｕｍＹ．Ｚ．Ｚｈａｏｅｔａｌ．．

应用LSCM和SEM鉴定银杏花粉的倍性

以经秋水仙碱诱导获得的银杏大花粉为材料,以未经处理的正常银杏花粉为对照,利用扫描电子显微镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜分别观察2种花粉表面形态,并分析对比其细胞内的DNA相对荧光量与银杏大花粉核内染色体倍性关系,为正确检出银杏二倍体花粉奠定重要工作基础。研究结果表明,此方法用于花粉粒的倍性鉴定科学准确,所需试验样本少,实用性强,在植物花粉倍性鉴定中有着较好的应用前景。

鹅掌楸属(Liriodendron L.)种质‘优酉’的遗传背景研究

应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,以鹅掌楸〔Liriodendron chinense(Hemsl.)Sarg.〕、北美鹅掌楸(L. tulipiferaL.)及杂种鹅掌楸(L. chinense×L. tulipifera)为对照,对重庆酉阳鹅掌楸(Liriodendron sp.)种源‘优酉’(‘Youyou’)的外部形态特征、叶表皮微形态结构特征和花粉形态特征进行观察比较,并利用RAPD标记技术对‘优酉’的遗传关系进行了分析。结果表明,鹅掌楸属各树种在外部形态上存在差别,但在叶表皮和花粉形态特征上表现出明显的一致性,‘优酉’的各形态特征与鹅掌楸有较多相似性。RAPD标记分析结果表明,‘优酉’的遗传距离与鹅掌楸和北美鹅掌楸较远,但与鹅掌楸的遗传关系相对较近。推测‘优酉’可能是由较原始的鹅掌楸向较进化的北美鹅掌楸过渡的1个中间类型。‘优酉’生长速度快、观赏价值高,可直接用于园林绿化及林木种植。