The active ingredients of Camellia japonica flowers(CJF)at high and low altitudes,as well as their skin care efficacy were compared.The dried red CJF at high and low altitudes were ultrasonically extracted with 70%eth...The active ingredients of Camellia japonica flowers(CJF)at high and low altitudes,as well as their skin care efficacy were compared.The dried red CJF at high and low altitudes were ultrasonically extracted with 70%ethanol,and these extracts were concentrated and then diluted to a constant volume.The content of total flavonoids,total polyphenols and total proteins was tested and analyzed.In addition,DPPH free radical scavenging,inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end products,and inhibitory activity against elastase was measured to compare their skin care efficacy in anti-oxidation,anti-glycation,anti-wrinkling and firming.The results showed that,based on the dry weight of CJF,the content of total flavonoids and total proteins of the CJF at high altitude was approximately 1.5 times of the CJF at low altitude,while the content of total polyphenols was approximately 2.4 times that of the CJF at low altitude.The skin care efficacy of CJF at high altitude was significantly better than that of the CJF at low altitude.This work could provide theoretical basis for the selection and application of Camellia japonica flowers in the field of cosmetics.展开更多
In Japan,Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana are naturally distributed.Despite differences in their habitats and morphologies,they have been classified by various researchers as either varieties,subspecies,or spe...In Japan,Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana are naturally distributed.Despite differences in their habitats and morphologies,they have been classified by various researchers as either varieties,subspecies,or species.The taxonomic position of C.japonica and C.rusticana remain unclear because morphological comparisons have been restricted to limited areas and quantitative data are scarce.C.rusticana grows in snowy places,unlike C.japonica.While C.japonica displays ornithophily,C.rusticana displays entomophily.Both species have adapted to different growing environments and pollinators,which have altered the morphology of flowers and leaves.We therefore quantitatively estimated the differentiation between these two taxa by comparing the morphologies of leaf hypodermis,flower form,petal color,and filament color in twenty populations.Our findings allowed us to differentiate these two species by the presence or absence of a leaf hypodermis.We also discovered an intermediate type of leaf hypodermis,which might also be caused by hybridization.Principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the flower morphologies between these species were significantly different.The petal and filament colors were also significantly different.Our quantitative analysis suggests that speciation caused by differences in both pollinators and environment is one of the factors involved in this group.These findings in C.japonica and C.rusticana help to explain speciation processes for other species as well.展开更多
目的:优化山茶花瓣、叶和花蕊三部位的黄酮提取量,比较抗氧化活性并分析其化学成分。方法:以总黄酮提取量为评价指标,通过单因素实验和正交试验优化超声波辅助酶解法黄酮提取工艺。采用DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除实验和还原力实验评价优化...目的:优化山茶花瓣、叶和花蕊三部位的黄酮提取量,比较抗氧化活性并分析其化学成分。方法:以总黄酮提取量为评价指标,通过单因素实验和正交试验优化超声波辅助酶解法黄酮提取工艺。采用DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除实验和还原力实验评价优化后总黄酮提取物的抗氧化能力。通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)分析各部位的化学成分。结果:在最优提取工艺下,山茶各部位总黄酮提取量依次为叶(63.14 RE mg/g)>花蕊(58.77 RE mg/g)>花瓣(20.26 RE mg/g)。抗氧化活性测定结果表明,花瓣、叶、花蕊中黄酮清除DPPH自由基的IC_(50)值分别为7.28、2.51、1.15 mg/mL,清除ABTS+自由基的IC_(50)值分别为2.85、0.95、0.59 mg/mL,还原力分别为63.25、214.11、475.90 Trolox mg/g,其抗氧化强弱顺序为:花蕊>叶>花瓣。通过UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS从花瓣、叶、花蕊三部位共鉴定出29种化合物,且B型原花青素二聚体、表儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷等黄酮单体化合物在三个部位中的分布规律与总黄酮提取量一致。结论:超声波辅助酶法能够有效提高黄酮类化合物的提取量,且山茶的叶和花蕊部位具有较高黄酮含量及抗氧化活性。展开更多
文摘The active ingredients of Camellia japonica flowers(CJF)at high and low altitudes,as well as their skin care efficacy were compared.The dried red CJF at high and low altitudes were ultrasonically extracted with 70%ethanol,and these extracts were concentrated and then diluted to a constant volume.The content of total flavonoids,total polyphenols and total proteins was tested and analyzed.In addition,DPPH free radical scavenging,inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end products,and inhibitory activity against elastase was measured to compare their skin care efficacy in anti-oxidation,anti-glycation,anti-wrinkling and firming.The results showed that,based on the dry weight of CJF,the content of total flavonoids and total proteins of the CJF at high altitude was approximately 1.5 times of the CJF at low altitude,while the content of total polyphenols was approximately 2.4 times that of the CJF at low altitude.The skin care efficacy of CJF at high altitude was significantly better than that of the CJF at low altitude.This work could provide theoretical basis for the selection and application of Camellia japonica flowers in the field of cosmetics.
基金This work was supported by Sado City Grant for Scientific Research on Biodiversity and Tadami-machi(2014e2016)was supported in part by the JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Number JP15K07473).
文摘In Japan,Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana are naturally distributed.Despite differences in their habitats and morphologies,they have been classified by various researchers as either varieties,subspecies,or species.The taxonomic position of C.japonica and C.rusticana remain unclear because morphological comparisons have been restricted to limited areas and quantitative data are scarce.C.rusticana grows in snowy places,unlike C.japonica.While C.japonica displays ornithophily,C.rusticana displays entomophily.Both species have adapted to different growing environments and pollinators,which have altered the morphology of flowers and leaves.We therefore quantitatively estimated the differentiation between these two taxa by comparing the morphologies of leaf hypodermis,flower form,petal color,and filament color in twenty populations.Our findings allowed us to differentiate these two species by the presence or absence of a leaf hypodermis.We also discovered an intermediate type of leaf hypodermis,which might also be caused by hybridization.Principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the flower morphologies between these species were significantly different.The petal and filament colors were also significantly different.Our quantitative analysis suggests that speciation caused by differences in both pollinators and environment is one of the factors involved in this group.These findings in C.japonica and C.rusticana help to explain speciation processes for other species as well.
文摘目的:优化山茶花瓣、叶和花蕊三部位的黄酮提取量,比较抗氧化活性并分析其化学成分。方法:以总黄酮提取量为评价指标,通过单因素实验和正交试验优化超声波辅助酶解法黄酮提取工艺。采用DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除实验和还原力实验评价优化后总黄酮提取物的抗氧化能力。通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)分析各部位的化学成分。结果:在最优提取工艺下,山茶各部位总黄酮提取量依次为叶(63.14 RE mg/g)>花蕊(58.77 RE mg/g)>花瓣(20.26 RE mg/g)。抗氧化活性测定结果表明,花瓣、叶、花蕊中黄酮清除DPPH自由基的IC_(50)值分别为7.28、2.51、1.15 mg/mL,清除ABTS+自由基的IC_(50)值分别为2.85、0.95、0.59 mg/mL,还原力分别为63.25、214.11、475.90 Trolox mg/g,其抗氧化强弱顺序为:花蕊>叶>花瓣。通过UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS从花瓣、叶、花蕊三部位共鉴定出29种化合物,且B型原花青素二聚体、表儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷等黄酮单体化合物在三个部位中的分布规律与总黄酮提取量一致。结论:超声波辅助酶法能够有效提高黄酮类化合物的提取量,且山茶的叶和花蕊部位具有较高黄酮含量及抗氧化活性。