Valorization of Camellia oleifera oil processing byproducts to value-added chemicals and biobased materials: A critical review

The C.oleifera oil processing industry generates large amounts of solid wastes,including C.oleifera shell(COS)and C.oleifera cake(COC).Distinct from generally acknowledged lignocellulosic biomass(corn stover,bamboo,birch,etc.),Camellia wastes contain diverse bioactive substances in addition to the abundant lignocellulosic components,and thus,the biorefinery utilization of C.oleifera processing byproducts involves complicated processing technologies.This reviewfirst summarizes various technologies for extracting and converting the main components in C.oleifera oil processing byproducts into value-added chemicals and biobased materials,as well as their potential applications.Microwave,ultrasound,and Soxhlet extractions are compared for the extraction of functional bioactive components(tannin,flavonoid,saponin,etc.),while solvothermal conversion and pyrolysis are discussed for the conversion of lignocellulosic components into value-added chemicals.The application areas of these chemicals according to their properties are introduced in detail,including utilizing antioxidant and anti-in-flammatory properties of the bioactive substances for the specific application,as well as drop-in chemicals for the substitution of unrenewable fossil fuel-derived products.In addition to chemical production,biochar fabricated from COS and its applications in thefields of adsorption,supercapacitor,soil remediation and wood composites are comprehensively reviewed and discussed.Finally,based on the compositions and structural characteristics of C.oleifera byproducts,the development of full-component valorization strategies and the expansion of the appli-cationfields are proposed.

Biorefinery process for production of bioactive compounds and bio-oil from Camellia oleifera shell

A biorefinery process was developed in this study to obtain bioactive compounds and bio-oil from Camellia oleifera shells.Four different extraction techniques(water,ethanol,ultrasound-assisted deionized water,and ultrasound-assisted ethanol)were utilized to extract tea saponin and tannin from C.oleifera shells.Results showed that ethanol had better extraction capacity than did deionized water,and ultrasound could promote the dissolution of tannin and tea saponin in solution.The thermogravimetric curves of the samples treated under the four conditions moved toward high temperatures.This phenomenon indicated the thermal stability of the residue was significantly improved.The pretreatment showed a slight effect on the chemical compositions of bio-oil.Specifically,the samples treated with ethanol and ultrasound-assisted deionized water contained higher phenol contents(81.07%and 81.52%,respectively)than the other samples.The content of organic acid decreased with an increase in the phenol content.

Effects of the <i>Camellia oleifera </i>Shell Substrate on the Yield and Nutritional Composition of <i>Pleurotus geesteranus</i>

Pleurotus geesteranus was cultivated on the substrates blended with different ratios of treated and untreated Camellia oleifera shells using cottonseed hull as the control substrate. The mycelial growth rate, yield, nutritional composition, ash and heavy metals of the Pleurotus geesteranus cultivated on these substrates were compared. The results suggest that the Camellia oleifera shell in substrate can accelerate the mycelial growth and increase the yield, nutrients and the contents of protein, ash, crude fiber and amino acid of Pleurotus geesteranus. It was found that the contents of tannin and saponin in Camellia oleifera shell affected the mycelial growth rate. The optimal C/N of the substrate for the growth of Pleurotus geesteranus was determined to be 27 ± 0.7. The C/N ratios higher than 30 reduced the protein, fat and soluble sugar contents of the cultivated Pleurotus geesteranus. The contents of heavy metals including Hg, As, Cd and Pb were found in Pleurotus geesteranus cultivated on the substrates containing Camellia oleifera shell complex.

Infrared-Spectral Characteristics of <i>Camellia oleifera</i>Shell/Meal during Composting

The compost products of Camellia oleifera shell/meal mixed at different mass ratios were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at different composting stages to monitor the structural changes of their components. The results showed that the amount of Camellia oleifera meal significantly affected the composting rate of the shell, but did not change the degradation order and decomposition of the related compounds. During the composting process, microorganisms used the highly decomposable carbon source materials, such as proteins and sugars, first to grow and multiply, and then decomposed hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin by oxidative cleavage after these nutrients were consumed to a certain extent. The decomposition products were then condensed into more stable humic acids. The degradation rates of the compounds were directly proportional to the amount of Camellia oleifera?meal. The compounds in Camellia oleifera shell were composted faster with higher amounts of Camellia oleifera meals, resulting in less lignocellulose in the final products.

Coating of Mineral Acids with Niobic Solid Acid for Preparing Furfural from Nut Shell of Camellia oleifera Abel

Nut shell of Camellia oleifera Abel which has large scale of plantation in mountainous region of southern China is abundant renewable resource. The nut shell is suitable for preparation of furfural, as the content of which is as much as 16% (based the dried nut shell). In early time, mineral acids were employed as typically catalyst for preparing of furfural from the nut shells. These mineral acids could pollute water and corrode equipment. In this paper we used various mineral acids coating with niobic acid as catalysts to investigate reactions for preparation of furfural. Among these catalysts, the catalyst of sulfuric acid coating with niobic acid was found to be very effective, which had higher hammett acidity and better effect of hydrolysis of the nut shells;The catalysts of sulfuric acid coating with niobic acid was characterized, and the conditions of preparation of the catalyst were investigated. The optimum conditions were: sulfuric acid as coating acid, the concentration of sulfuric 1.1 mol/L, impregnation time 8 h, calcination time 8 h and calcination temperature 450°C. Then hydrolysis of the nut shells was explored, the optimum conditions were as follows: dose of catalyst 20%, ratio of solid to liquid 1:15, reaction temperature 100°C, reaction time 4 h;Under this condition, the yield of furfural was 8.7%.

油茶蒲黄酮的制备及组分鉴定

为促进油茶蒲的高值化开发利用,推动油茶产业高质量发展,以油茶蒲为原料,采用超声辅助醇提法制备油茶蒲粗黄酮,并采用AB-8大孔树脂吸附法纯化。另外,对纯化的油茶蒲黄酮的结构进行了紫外光谱和红外光谱表征,利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS对其组分进行了鉴定。结果表明:采用超声辅助醇提法制备的油茶蒲粗黄酮中黄酮含量为32.41%,采用AB-8大孔树脂纯化后的黄酮含量为70.14%,黄酮总回收率为60.12%;紫外光谱与红外光谱分析表明,纯化物具有明显的黄酮类紫外、红外特征光谱,证明该纯化物主要成分为黄酮类化合物;UPLC-Q-TOF-MS从该纯化物中共鉴定出44种多酚类和黄酮类化合物,其中14种黄酮类化合物、30种多酚类化合物,油茶蒲黄酮多以黄酮苷类化合物形式存在,且多为山奈酚的糖苷类化合物,油茶蒲黄酮中含有原花青素、儿茶素、表儿茶素及没食子酸等抗氧化活性成分。根据油茶蒲黄酮的组成成分,推测其具有开发成为抗糖尿病食品以及与抗癌药物联用治疗疾病的潜力。

油茶壳-蚕沙不同碳氮比堆肥的腐熟效果

【目的】探明油茶壳-蚕沙不同碳氮比(C/N)堆肥的腐熟效果,为油茶壳和蚕沙无害化、资源化利用提供依据。【方法】以油茶壳与蚕沙为堆肥原料进行好氧堆肥试验,研究不同碳氮比油茶壳-蚕沙堆肥处理(CK:纯油茶壳50 kg,C/N=100;T_(1):油茶壳50 kg,蚕沙45 kg,C/N=20;T_(2):油茶壳50 kg,蚕沙31 kg,C/N=25;T_(3):油茶壳50 kg,蚕沙23 kg,C/N=30;T_(4):油茶壳50 kg,蚕沙18 kg,C/N=35)堆肥过程中物理、化学和生物指标的变化。【结果】与CK比,不同C/N油茶壳-蚕沙处理pH呈中性或弱碱性,且最高温度和高温持续时间均较高,其中,C/N=20和C/N=25的油茶壳-蚕沙处理高温持续时间分别为17 d和13 d,达《畜禽粪便无害化处理技术规范》(NY/T 1168—2006)要求。不同C/N油茶壳-蚕沙处理的C/N、有机质、木质素和纤维素含量均随发酵进程而逐渐降低,全氮、全磷和全钾含量均有所增加,堆肥发酵结束时,C/N=20和C/N=25油茶壳-蚕沙处理的总养分含量较高,分别为5.10%和4.28%,符合《有机肥料》(NY/T 525—2021)要求;有机质、纤维素、木质素的降幅较大,分别降17.1百分点、11.2百分点、8.4百分点和15.8百分点、6.8百分点、6.3百分点;GI均稳定在70%以上,对植物毒性小。不同C/N油茶壳-蚕沙处理堆肥后的重金属(Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg)含量较堆肥前均有所提高,但均低于标准限量值。【结论】添加适量比例的蚕沙可有效促进油茶壳腐解,调节堆肥初始C/N在20~25有利于油茶壳-蚕沙堆肥的腐熟。

γ射线辐照协同水热处理制备油茶壳低聚木糖的工艺研究

为采用低成本、可再生的农林生物质制备高价值低聚木糖以提升木质纤维素生物炼制经济效益,本研究以茶油加工副产物油茶壳为原料,选择吸收剂量(A)、水热处理温度(B)、水热处理时间(C)和固液比(D)4个因素,以低聚木糖转化率为评价指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化γ射线辐照协同水热处理油茶壳制备低聚木糖的工艺条件。单因素试验结果表明,油茶壳低聚木糖转化率随吸收剂量、固液比的增加而逐渐升高,随着水热处理温度的升高、反应时间的延长呈先升高后降低趋势。正交试验优化得出,各因素对油茶壳低聚木糖转化率影响的主次顺序为A>B>D>C,综合考虑确定最优工艺条件为A_(2)B_(3)C_(1)D_(2),即吸收剂量400 kGy、水热处理温度200℃、水热处理时间20 min、固液比1∶10 g·mL^(-1),此条件下的油茶壳制备低聚木糖转化率为74.33%,比对照提高22.61个百分点。本研究为油茶壳资源高值化制备低聚木糖提供了技术参考。

CA/COSBC复合凝胶微球的制备及其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

首先,将以油茶果壳(COS)为原料制备的生物炭(COSBC)分散到海藻酸钠(SA)凝胶溶液中形成了混合液;然后,采用球滴法将其逐滴滴入到CaCl2溶液中,制备了海藻酸钙/生物炭(CA/COSBC)复合凝胶微球。采用SEM和FTIR对CA/COSBC复合凝胶微球进行了表征,考察了其对水体中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附效果,优化了其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附条件,探究了其吸附去除Pb(Ⅱ)的动力学和热力学行为。结果表明,m(SA)∶m(COSBC)=4∶1制备的CA/COSBC复合凝胶微球具有最佳的吸附去除Pb(Ⅱ)的效果,室温下,在pH=5.0、Pb(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度为250 mg/L、投加量0.77 g/L、吸附时间4 h的条件下,Pb(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量可达236.4 mg/g、去除率高达72.81%。CA/COSBC复合凝胶微球吸附去除Pb(Ⅱ)能够自发进行,且符合Freundlich热力学模型和Largergren准二级动力学模型,以多分子层的化学吸附占主导作用。颗粒内扩散是控制吸附过程的主要因素,表面吸附和边界层扩散也会影响吸附去除过程。

油茶果壳中齐墩果烷三萜皂苷抗炎活性及作用机制研究

该研究以脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞RAW 264.7细胞为炎症模型,采用Griess实验、酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)、Western blotting和免疫荧光等技术,评价油茶果壳3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1″→6′)α-L-鼠李糖基27-羟基齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1″→6′)α-L-rhamnosyl 27-hydroxy oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,OA)的抗炎活性。实验设置对照组、LPS组和OA组(5、10、20和40μmol/L)。结果显示,不同浓度OA处理对脂多糖诱导的一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)分泌具有一定的抑制活性,当浓度为20或40μmol/L时,OA对脂多糖诱导的炎症小体nod样受体家族,含pyrin结构域3(NOD-like receptor family,pyrin domain containing 3,NLRP3)和半胱天冬酶1(cysteine aspartate protease 1,Caspase 1)蛋白表达的抑制活性较好;当药物处理1 h和6 h时,OA显著下调了胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal regulated kinase,ERK)和p38蛋白(p38 protein,p38)磷酸化水平,当药物处理2 h时,OA对p38和Jun氨基端激酶(Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)磷酸化水平具有抑制活性;而且药物处理6 h时,不同浓度OA对脂多糖诱导的RAW 264.7细胞核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)核转位具有明显的阻滞作用。这些结果揭示了OA的抗炎活性,为针对性开发油茶果壳资源和以OA为基础的活性产品提供了科学依据。

油茶壳堆肥用量对土壤肥力及苦麦菜生长与品质的影响

【目的】探明腐熟油菜壳有机肥不同施用量对土壤理化性质及苦麦菜生长与品质的影响,为油茶壳资源化利用及有机肥的合理施用提供依据。【方法】以苦麦菜为试验材料,设置不同油茶壳有机肥用量水平,采用田间小区试验(CK1:不施底肥;T1:常规施肥,复合肥450 kg/hm^(2);T2:油茶壳有机肥7500 kg/hm^(2);T3:油茶壳有机肥15000 kg/hm^(2);T4:油茶壳有机肥22500 kg/hm^(2);T5:复合肥360 kg/hm^(2)+油茶壳有机肥15000 kg/hm^(2))和盆栽试验(CK2:不施肥;P1:常规施肥,复合肥225 kg/hm^(2);P2:油茶壳有机肥3750 kg/hm^(2);P3:油茶壳有机肥7500 kg/hm^(2);P4:油茶壳有机肥11250 kg/hm^(2);P5:复合肥180 kg/hm^(2)+油茶壳有机肥7500 kg/hm^(2)),共12个处理,研究腐熟油茶壳有机肥不同施用量对土壤理化性质及苦麦菜生长与品质的影响。【结果】田间和盆栽试验下,施用油茶壳有机肥总体上能提升土壤养分。各处理土壤pH为5.92~6.89,施用油茶壳有机肥和复合肥减量配施处理的土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量较未施肥处理总体增加,水解性氮含量与常规施肥处理间无显著差异,其中,田间试验有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量分别为33.13~43.94 g/kg、43.39~162.61 mg/kg和247.00~667.69 mg/kg,盆栽试验分别为12.44~38.32 g/kg、1.17~344.79 mg/kg和41.79~1889.03 mg/kg。田间试验施用油茶壳有机肥22500 kg/hm^(2)和盆栽试验施用油茶壳有机肥7500 kg/hm^(2)时,苦麦菜株高和地上部鲜重分别为43.42 cm、116.25 g和40.25 cm、73.76 g,显著高于未施肥和常规施肥处理。田间试验苦麦菜可溶性糖、维生素C、叶绿素和蛋白质含量分别为0.34~0.67 g/100g、13.52~19.23 mg/100g、1.06~1.52 mg/g和0.91~1.29 g/100g,盆栽试验分别为0.65~1.64 g/100g、13.75~29.44 mg/100g、0.99~1.36 mg/g和1.25~2.51 g/100g。施用适量油茶壳有机肥或复合肥减量配施的苦麦菜可溶性糖、维生素C和叶片叶绿素含量高于常规施肥处理,未施肥处理苦麦菜的蛋白质含量显著高于其余处理。【结论】综合苦麦菜的生长和品质性状,油茶壳有机肥以田间施肥量22500 kg/hm^(2)和盆施肥量7500 kg/hm^(2)为宜。

K_(2)CO_(3)活化法油茶果壳活性炭的制备及表征

以油茶果壳(COS)为原料,K_(2)CO_(3)为活化剂,分别在空气和氮气中活化制备COS活性炭,探讨了活化温度、活化时间和K_(2)CO_(3)溶液浸渍COS的比例(浸渍比,mL∶g)对活性炭制备的影响,利用元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对活性炭进行了表征。研究结果表明:在空气中活化,浸渍比值为1.5,温度为800℃,炭化活化时间为1 h的条件下,制得的活性炭得率为12.48%,BET比表面积为1080.94 m^(2)/g,亚甲基蓝(MB)吸附值为441.62 mg/g;在氮气中活化,浸渍比值为2.5,温度为800℃,炭化活化时间为1 h时,制得的活性炭得率为18.00%,BET比表面积为942.42 m^(2)/g,MB吸附值为428.77 mg/g。元素分析结果表明氮气气氛下制备的活性炭H/C元素比低,芳香性提高;FT-IR和SEM分析表明活化促进了活性炭—CH、—COOH热解和孔隙生长;相比N_(2)气氛下的样品,空气作热解气制备的活性炭孔隙更发达,吸附性能更好。

高填充油茶果壳基木塑复合材料的制备及力学性能

以油茶果壳和不同塑料即聚丙烯、高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)、低密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯为原料,采用模压成型的方法制备了高填充油茶果壳基木塑复合材料,利用电子万能试验机和悬臂梁冲击试验机测试其力学性能。通过单因素试验分析塑料种类对复合材料力学性能的影响,确定较优塑料种类后进一步优化制备参数。以壳粉含量、增容剂马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)含量、热压温度、热压时间为设计因素,以弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、拉伸强度、冲击强度为力学性能优化目标,设计L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验,研究了高填充油茶果壳基木塑复合材料的制备工艺,利用极差分析和方差分析得到了较优配方和工艺参数组合。研究表明:当添加塑料为PE-HD时,复合材料的弯曲强度最大为34.40 MPa,拉伸强度最大为18.20 MPa,力学性能较优;壳粉含量为65%时,添加7%MAPE的复合材料强度较好,弯曲强度最大为33.66 MPa;优化制备参数组合为壳粉含量55%,MAPE含量5%,热压温度160℃,热压时间10 min。

油茶壳与煤掺混燃烧提升灰样的灰熔融温度

生物质与煤混合燃烧是减轻碳排放最有效的方法之一,对节约使用煤炭资源,发展生物质能源具有重要意义。以油茶壳(CS)和神木煤(SM)为研究对象,借助X射线荧光仪、X射线衍射仪、灰熔点测试仪和扫描电子显微镜,分析了不同掺混比的油茶壳与神木煤混合物(CS-SM)燃烧后的灰熔融特性。研究结果表明:添加CS能够明显改变CS-SM灰的灰熔融温度;CS-SM灰的灰熔融温度随着CS-SM中CS质量分数的增加而增加,其中软化温度增加的幅度最大,变形温度增加的幅度最小;当CS-SM中油茶壳掺混比不低于70%时,CS-SM灰的流动温度大于1 350℃,符合固态排渣要求;油茶壳与神木煤混合,在燃烧过程中发生了相互作用,生成了方解石、钙黄长石、六方钾霞石、方镁石等高熔点矿物质,从而导致了CS-SM灰的灰熔融温度升高;由扫描电镜图可知,CS-SM燃烧比较充分,灰渣颗粒随着CS-SM中CS质量分数的增加而增大。

市政污泥与油茶壳混合燃烧特性研究

采用热重分析法研究掺混比和升温速率对市政污泥和油茶壳混燃特性的影响,使用FlynnWall-Ozawa(FWO)和Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)2种方法对样品的燃烧动力学进行建模,计算了各类样品的稳燃性指数和综合燃烧特性指数,分析了燃烧过程中混合燃料成分间的交互作用。结果表明:污泥掺混油茶壳后,混合燃料的燃尽温度明显降低,燃烧稳定性能和综合燃烧特性有明显改善;随着油茶壳掺混质量比从20%升至80%,燃尽温度从590℃下降到532℃,燃尽程度也逐渐变大,失质量由63.13%增加到92.19%,稳燃性指数和综合燃烧特性指数分别增加1.66和2.32倍;随着升温速率的增加,混合样品的燃尽温度、稳燃性指数和综合燃烧特性指数均提高,而燃尽程度变小,且着火温度无明显变化;污泥与油茶壳混合燃烧各组分间发生了交互现象,在挥发分燃烧阶段表现为抑制作用,而固定碳燃烧阶段表现为促进作用;FWO法和KAS法计算污泥的平均表观活化能分别为122.32、118.08 k J/mol,油茶壳的平均表观活化能分别为166.46、164.94 k J/mol,混合样品的平均表观活化能随着油茶壳掺混质量比的增加而增大。

油茶果壳生物基材料研究进展及展望

油茶作为木本食用油料树种在南方各省被广泛种植,其加工剩余物油茶果壳若未合理有效利用,将对空气、水体等生态造成污染。油茶果壳富含中孔结构,用其制备活性炭,可用于吸附或电池、电极与电容器领域;油茶果壳去除木质素得到的综纤维素,可制备综纤维素膜材料或纳米纤维素膜材料,用于包装、纺织和医疗等领域;油茶果壳富含木质素及茶皂素等天然活性物质,可制备油茶果壳基树脂用作做胶合材料并具有耐恶劣气候及阻燃等特性;油茶果壳经热压工艺制备刨花板,可用于家具及建筑等领域;油茶果壳作为增强相与塑料复合制备木塑复合材料,可用于园林和室内装潢等领域。本文综述了油茶果壳在上述领域的研究进展,并对油茶果壳生物基材料提出了展望。

铁锰改性油茶壳基生物炭对污泥厌氧消化性能及微生物群落结构的影响

水解阶段是污泥厌氧消化的限速阶段,投加外源添加剂生物炭(BC)是打破水解限制与提高甲烷产量的有效手段。以木本油料加工剩余物油茶壳为原料,制备铁锰改性生物炭(Fe-Mn-BC),并通过扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射仪等对材料进行表征测试,探讨其对污泥厌氧消化性能、甲烷产量以及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:Fe-Mn-BC具有多孔结构,铁锰颗粒以多种氧化物的形式负载在BC表面;添加Fe-Mn-BC能提高甲烷产量,当投加的Fe-Mn-BC总固体质量分数为80 mg/g时,累积产气量最高达301.59 mL/g,较未添加组提升了45.27%。微生物群落分析发现,添加Fe-Mn-BC的组别古菌群落优势菌泉古菌门(Crenarchaeota)、Candidatus_Methanomethylicus和Candidatus_Methanofastidiosum丰度增加,这些菌群能有效促进有机物水解并提高甲烷产量,表明Fe-Mn-BC的加入不仅能富集产甲烷菌等具有功能性的微生物菌群,有效提高污泥厌氧消化效率,也为油茶壳的资源化利用提供了有效途径。

10t/d双螺杆榨油机压榨油茶籽的工艺研究

为提高油茶籽油的品质,减少传统油茶籽制油工艺对油茶籽油的营养成分损失,对日处理10t双螺杆榨油机压榨油茶籽的工艺进行了研究。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:油茶籽经过分级处理后入榨油茶仁水分控制在9%、油茶仁中含壳控制在8%时,压榨饼中残油率为2.49%,且产品符合一级油的国家标准。与市场上销售的油茶籽油相比,通过本工艺获得的油茶籽油中α-生育酚的保留率更高,从而进一步提高油茶籽油的营养价值,可为我国油茶籽油的高值化加工提供了技术参考。

对辊式油茶果籽壳清选机的设计与试验

针对现有油茶果籽壳清选机清选效果不佳、茶籽损伤率高问题,设计了一种采用齿光辊清选原理的对辊式油茶果籽壳清选机。同时,对油茶籽、壳的物理特性进行了研究,对清选装置辊组排布方式、齿光辊组数、清选关键部件齿辊齿形和直径分别进行了设计,分析了清选状态时油茶壳受力情况。为验证对辊式油茶果籽壳清选机是否达到了预期设计目标,设计了三因素三水平正交试验,选取清选间隙、辊轴转速、喂入量为试验因素,以茶籽破碎率和清选率为评价指标,对清选机进行现场试验。结果表明:清选间隙为3.13 mm、轴辊转速为298.25 r/min、喂入量为1.51 t/h时,对辊式油茶果籽壳清选机获得最佳清选效果,此时茶籽破损率为3.30%,清选率为96.79%。

油茶壳基载镧磁性生物炭的制备及其吸附性能初探

针对油茶产业的副产物油茶壳随意丢弃造成环境污染和资源浪费的问题,本研究通过热解法和共沉淀法等物理化学过程,将油茶壳资源化利用制备成水处理吸附剂,并选用典型的有机染料甲基橙(MO)为吸附对象,对制备的油茶壳基载镧磁性生物炭吸附剂的吸附性能进行考察。结果表明,制备的载镧磁性生物炭磁化强度达到13.17 emu/g,具有良好的磁性分离效果,其对甲基橙的最大吸附容量可达2.62 mg/g,表明将油茶壳资源化制备为水处理吸附剂具有良好的前景。