Euler’s First-Order Explicit Method–Peridynamic Differential Operator for Solving Population Balance Equations of the Crystallization Process

Using Euler’s first-order explicit(EE)method and the peridynamic differential operator(PDDO)to discretize the time and internal crystal-size derivatives,respectively,the Euler’s first-order explicit method–peridynamic differential operator(EE–PDDO)was obtained for solving the one-dimensional population balance equation in crystallization.Four different conditions during crystallization were studied:size-independent growth,sizedependent growth in a batch process,nucleation and size-independent growth,and nucleation and size-dependent growth in a continuous process.The high accuracy of the EE–PDDO method was confirmed by comparing it with the numerical results obtained using the second-order upwind and HR-van methods.The method is characterized by non-oscillation and high accuracy,especially in the discontinuous and sharp crystal size distribution.The stability of the EE–PDDO method,choice of weight function in the PDDO method,and optimal time step are also discussed.

Energy Stable Nodal DG Methods for Maxwell’s Equations of Mixed-Order Form in Nonlinear Optical Media

In this work,we develop energy stable numerical methods to simulate electromagnetic waves propagating in optical media where the media responses include the linear Lorentz dispersion,the instantaneous nonlinear cubic Kerr response,and the nonlinear delayed Raman molecular vibrational response.Unlike the first-order PDE-ODE governing equations considered previously in Bokil et al.(J Comput Phys 350:420–452,2017)and Lyu et al.(J Sci Comput 89:1–42,2021),a model of mixed-order form is adopted here that consists of the first-order PDE part for Maxwell’s equations coupled with the second-order ODE part(i.e.,the auxiliary differential equations)modeling the linear and nonlinear dispersion in the material.The main contribution is a new numerical strategy to treat the Kerr and Raman nonlinearities to achieve provable energy stability property within a second-order temporal discretization.A nodal discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method is further applied in space for efficiently handling nonlinear terms at the algebraic level,while preserving the energy stability and achieving high-order accuracy.Indeed with d_(E)as the number of the components of the electric field,only a d_(E)×d_(E)nonlinear algebraic system needs to be solved at each interpolation node,and more importantly,all these small nonlinear systems are completely decoupled over one time step,rendering very high parallel efficiency.We evaluate the proposed schemes by comparing them with the methods in Bokil et al.(2017)and Lyu et al.(2021)(implemented in nodal form)regarding the accuracy,computational efficiency,and energy stability,by a parallel scalability study,and also through the simulations of the soliton-like wave propagation in one dimension,as well as the spatial-soliton propagation and two-beam interactions modeled by the two-dimensional transverse electric(TE)mode of the equations.

Na_(2)O-CaO-SiO_(2)平板玻璃减反射功能化研究

随着光伏产业的高速发展,与之配套使用的减反射玻璃重新进入了研究者们的视野。本文采用湿化学二步刻蚀法制备了具有减反射性能的Na_(2)O-CaO-SiO_(2)平板玻璃,采用分光光度计、扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和X射线能谱仪等测试样品的透过率、表面形貌和断面膜层厚度、表面化学成分、耐酸性和硬度,研究了反应温度和反应时间、玻璃膜层结构与透过率的关系。通过使用弱碱性的混合盐溶液对Na_(2)O-CaO-SiO_(2)玻璃表面进行化学刻蚀,使玻璃表面Si—O键断裂,在玻璃表面形成纳米膜层结构,当膜层厚度达到一定厚度时,一定波长的光在玻璃表面发生相消干涉,透过率最高可达到97.8%,刻蚀前后玻璃成分基本无变化,铅笔硬度达到3H。

The forecasting efficiency under different selected regions by Pattern Informatics Method and seismic potential estimation in the North-South Seismic Zone

In 2022,four earthquakes with M_(S)≥6.0 including the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes occurred in the North-South Seismic Zone(NSSZ),which demonstrated high and strong seismicity.Pattern Informatics(PI)method,as an effective long and medium term earthquake forecasting method,has been applied to the strong earthquake forecasting in Chinese mainland and results have shown the positive performance.The earthquake catalog with magnitude above M_(S)3.0 since 1970 provided by China Earthquake Networks Center was employed in this study and the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)method was applied to test the forecasting efficiency of the PI method in each selected region related to the North-South Seismic Zone systematically.Based on this,we selected the area with the best ROC testing result and analyzed the evolution process of the PI hotspot map reflecting the small seismic activity pattern prior to the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes.A“forward”forecast for the area was carried out to assess seismic risk.The study shows the following.1)PI forecasting has higher forecasting efficiency in the selected study region where the difference of seismicity in any place of the region is smaller.2)In areas with smaller differences of seismicity,the activity pattern of small earthquakes prior to the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes can be obtained by analyzing the spatio-temporal evolution process of the PI hotspot map.3)The hotspot evolution in and around the southern Tazang fault in the study area is similar to that prior to the strong earthquakes,which suggests the possible seismic hazard in the future.This study could provide some ideas to the seismic hazard assessment in other regions with high seismicity,such as Japan,Californi,Turkey,and Indonesia.

2021年9月16日四川泸县M_(S)6.0地震前地磁扰动异常特征分析

选取四川地区3个地磁扰动台站的观测数据,利用基于脉冲幅度法的地磁垂直强度极化方法,对2021年9月16日四川泸县M_(S)6.0地震前的地磁扰动异常演化特征进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)在中强地震前,台站的垂直强度极化值和超阈值极化值频次逐日变化均会出现高值异常,其中频次异常呈现先增强后降低,再增强-降低的形态;(2)发生异常变化的多个台站距离震中300 km范围内,时间上属准同步变化;(3)地震多发生在异常出现的一个月后,频次异常值往往是研究时段的最高值;(4)机理上,这些异常演化形态和特征是由岩石的破裂特性决定的,一定程度上反映了地震的孕育过程;(5)这种震前的地磁扰动异常与外源场无关。

K-Feldspar Decomposition Using CaO by Hydrothermal Method

The decomposition of K-Feldspar is significant to the development and utilization of K-feldspar as potassium resources. Potassium feldspar powder was decomposed successfully by hydrothermal method using CaO additive. Tobermorite solid and KOH solution were obtained as a result of the hydrothermal decomposition.

Research on the Application of Montessori Education Method in Cognitive Training of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Objective:To study the application of the Montessori education method in cognitive training in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods:40 cases of senile dementia patients who were admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group according to the single and double number table method,with 20 cases in each group.The intervention group used the Montessori education method,the principle of which was to implement individualized health interventions based on the individual conditions of the patients,for a period of 6 months;the control group was given conventional treatment and nursing of the disease.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)was used to compare the effects of the two groups of patients before and after health intervention and conduct statistical analysis.Results:The score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group,and there was a statistical difference between the two(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing the Montessori education method for diagnosed Alzheimer’s patients can effectively improve their cognitive function and delay the progress of further dementia.

Solid Waste Management:A MADM Approach Using Fuzzy Parameterized Possibility Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hypersoft Expert Settings

The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems worse.The search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these problems.Many scholars have referred to it as a fuzzy multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision-making problem using various fuzzy set-like approaches because of the inclusion of criteria and anticipated ambiguity.The goal of the current study is to use an innovative methodology to address the expected uncertainties in the problem of solid waste site selection.The characteristics(or sub-attributes)that decision-makers select and the degree of approximation they accept for various options can both be indicators of these uncertainties.To tackle these problems,a novel mathematical structure known as the fuzzy parameterized possibility single valued neutrosophic hypersoft expert set(ρˆ-set),which is initially described,is integrated with a modified version of Sanchez’s method.Following this,an intelligent algorithm is suggested.The steps of the suggested algorithm are explained with an example that explains itself.The compatibility of solid waste management sites and systems is discussed,and rankings are established along with detailed justifications for their viability.This study’s strengths lie in its application of fuzzy parameterization and possibility grading to effectively handle the uncertainties embodied in the parameters’nature and alternative approximations,respectively.It uses specific mathematical formulations to compute the fuzzy parameterized degrees and possibility grades that are missing from the prior literature.It is simpler for the decisionmakers to look at each option separately because the decision is uncertain.Comparing the computed results,it is discovered that they are consistent and dependable because of their preferred properties.

Effects of King’s Theory of Goal Attainment Combined with Teach-Back Method on Improving Patients’ Standardization Rate of Eye Drop Use

Objective:To explore the effect of King’s Theory of Goal Attainment combined with teach-back method on improving the standardization rate of eye drop use in patients.Methods:A total of 200 patients who used more than two types of eye drops in the Department of Ophthalmology of our hospital were selected as the research subjects,and were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group.The control group was given routine health education,while the observation group was given King’s Theory of Goal Attainment combined with teach-back method on the basis of the control group.The standardization rate of eye drop use,knowledge awareness rate,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention.Results:After the intervention,the standardization rate of eye drop use,the awareness rate of eye drop knowledge,and the nursing satisfaction of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:King’s Theory of Goal Attainment combined with teach-back method can effectively improve the standardization rate of eye drop use in patients,increase their awareness of eye drop knowledge,and improve nursing satisfaction,which is worthy of clinical application.

Critical care nurses and their clinical reasoning for customizing monitor alarms:a mixed-method study

Objective:To explore the clinical rationale of critical care nurses for personalizing monitor alarms.One of the most crucial jobs assigned to critical care nurses is monitoring patients'physiological indicators and carrying out the necessary associated interventions.Successful use of equipment in the nursing practice environment will be improved by a thorough understanding of the nurse's approach to alarm configuration.Methods:A mixed-method design integrating quantitative and qualitative components was used.The sample of this study recruited a convenience sample of 60 nurses who have worked in critical care areas.This study took place at Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital,utilizing a semi-structured interview with participants.Results:The study demonstrated the high incidence of nuisance alarms and the desensitization of critical care nurses to vital ones.According to the nurses,frequent false alarms and a shortage of staff are the 2 main causes of alarm desensitization.Age was significantly associated with the perception of Smart alarms,according to the data(P=0.03).Four interconnected themes and subcategories that reflect the clinical reasoning process for alarm customization were developed as a result of the study's qualitative component:(1)unit alarm environment;(2)nursing style;(3)motivation to customize;and(4)clinical and technological customization.Conclusions:According to this study,nurses believe that alarms are valuable.However,a qualitative analysis of the experiences revealed that customization has been severely limited since the healthcare team depends on nurses to complete these tasks independently.Additionally,a staffing shortage and lack of technical training at the start of placement have also hindered customization.

Exploration of the Methods and Insights in the Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right

Marx,as one of the founders of Marxism,experienced a significant transformation in his thought during the period of 1843-1844.The Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right(hereafter referred to as the Introduction)is one of Marx’s most representative works from this time.Lenin noted that this text,along with Marx’s On the Jewish Question,marks Marx’s transition from idealism and revolutionary democracy to materialism.In this renowned text,Marx offers a rational critique of the absolute authority of religion,articulates a vision for human emancipation,and envisages the possibility of free and comprehensive human development.During this intellectual shift,Marx absorbed the essence of German classical philosophy and,from a positivist perspective,began employing critical thinking and materialist expression.This enabled him to embark on a path of critique addressing both the religious and real social worlds.In the new era,systematically studying Marxist classic works allows for the exploration of their contemporary relevance.By aligning these classics with specific directions outlined in reports such as those from the 20th CPC Central Committee’s Third Plenary Session,the vitality of these works can be reinvigorated for the modern age.

FeO含量对SiO_2-CaO-Al_2O_3-MgO(-FeO)酸性渣熔化温度的影响

基于熔渣离子理论,利用导电法在高纯氩气保护下测定SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO(-FeO)酸性渣(二元碱度R=0.6)的熔化温度,考察FeO含量对酸性渣熔化温度的影响。结果表明,FeO的加入可以降低酸性母渣SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO的熔化温度,且渣中FeO含量越大,渣样熔化温度越低;当渣中FeO含量低于20%时,随着FeO含量的增加,渣样熔化温度降低幅度较大;当渣中FeO含量高于20%时,随着FeO含量的增加,酸性渣熔化温度降低趋势变缓。

Sm^(3+)/Ce^(3+)/Tb^(3+)共掺CaO-B_2O_3-SiO_2发光玻璃的制备及发光性能研究

采用高温熔融法制备了Sm3+/Ce3+/Tb3+共掺杂的CaO-B2O3-SiO2发光玻璃材料,并用荧光分光光度计和CIE色度坐标对其发光性能进行了研究。发射光谱表明,在374nm激发下,Sm3+/Ce3+/Tb3+共掺杂CaO-B2O3-SiO2发光玻璃的发射光谱中同时观测到了红橙光、蓝光和绿光的发射带,这些发射带的混合实现了白光发射。此外,在Sm2O3和Tb4O7含量不变的情况下,随着CeO2含量的减小,Sm3+/Ce3+/Tb3+共掺杂发光玻璃的发光颜色在白光区逐渐由蓝光区附近过渡到黄光区附近。

CaO-SiO_2-Na_2O三元渣系的挥发率

采用失重法对ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ｎａ２Ｏ三元渣系在不同温度下的挥发率进行了测量。结果表明，在烧结温度下，低熔点渣的挥发率呈三段式变化，而高熔点渣无此特性；当修正碱度Ｒ′＞１、成分固定时，只有在温度超过其流动温度时才能显著提高挥发率；温度一定时，挥发率随着碱度Ｒ及Ｎａ２ＣＯ３含量的增加而提高；当Ｒ′＜１时，温度、碱度、Ｎａ２ＣＯ３含量对挥发率的影响都不大。

CaO-SiO_2-FeO-Cl体系中Zn、Pb挥发物的热力学研究

应用FactSage热力学软件对不同温度下的FeO-CaO-SiO2-Cl体系中Zn、Pb挥发行为进行分析,采用气流携带法对FeO-CaO-SiO2-Cl体系中Zn、Pb挥发物的饱和蒸气压进行测定,并通过试验分析了温度对其体系中Zn、Pb挥发率的影响。结果表明,温度为970~1 030 K条件下FeO-CaO-SiO2-Cl体系中Zn、Pb主要以氯化物形式存在,氯化物的饱和蒸气压均随着温度的升高而增加,且lnP^1/T呈较好的线性关系,其体系中Zn、Pb挥发率亦随着温度的升高而增加。

基于重排S-method的多分量辐射源信号分析方法

为实现多分量辐射源信号的有效检测和识别,提出了基于重排S-method(RSM)的多分量辐射源信号分析方法.针对Wigner-Ville分布交叉项严重和计算复杂度高的问题,采用RSM分析密集、交叠的辐射源信号,给出了其算法的硬件实现和计算复杂度分析.该方法能处理线性和非线性调频信号,算法简单,易于实现.复杂体制多分量辐射源信号分析的实验结果表明,该方法能有效分析多分量辐射源信号,时频分辨率高,不受交叉项干扰,具有比Wigner-Ville分布和S-method更强的噪声抑制能力.

温度和气氛对CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO-Fe_(t)O渣系磷容量的影响

采用气-渣-金平衡法测定CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FetO渣系的磷容量,用钼坩埚作为反应容器,Ag-0.2%P合金作为气-渣-金平衡的熔剂,CO-CO2-Ar混合气体提供体系的氧分压,分析了温度和气氛对该渣系磷容量的影响。结果表明,对于一定成分的炉渣,当体系CO、CO2、Ar组成一定时,随着温度由1 723 K增加到1 823 K,CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FetO渣系的磷容量降低;在1 773 K,气氛中氧分压由3.6×10-5 Pa增大到7.2×10-4 Pa时,磷容量随着氧分压的增大而增大。

基于S-method的多分量雷达辐射源信号检测

针对传统时频方法在处理多分量雷达辐射源信号时存在交叉项,不能检测各分量信号时域参数,难以适应低信噪比环境的问题,提出一种基于S-method(SM)的多分量雷达辐射源信号检测新方法。该方法首先计算信号的SM时频分布,然后在时频面的基础上检测各信号分量的瞬时频率和脉冲起止时间。实验结果表明,该方法能处理线性及非线性调频信号、时频分辨率高且不受交叉项干扰,时域检测精度大于98.60%,频域检测精度大于99.48%,信噪比降低时仍然保持强检测能力。

Comparative Analysis of Improving Effects of 12 Maize Populations with Improved S_1 Selection Method

ln this study, 12 maize populations were improved with the improved S1 selection method, aiming to increase the improvement efficiency of maize popula-tions. The results showed that number of rows per spike, number of grains per row and 100-grain weight were the three important component traits of maize yield. The highest genetic increment was found in Mengqun 2, fol owed by Mengqun 4, Mengqun 1 and other 7 maize populations. Negative genetic increment was shown in Mengqun 3 and 3 introduced foreign maize populations. Some changes were shown in spikes, plant traits and genetic diversity of maize populations. Based on our results, we concluded that Mengqun 2, Mengqun 4, Zhongzong 7, Mengqun C and Mengqun A could be directly used for the line breeding by selfing for their higher genetic increment of yield and better improvement effects of other agricultural traits. Compared with these 5 populations, the improvement potential of other maize populations was limited for their lower genetic increment.

SiO_2-CaO-MgO-P_2O_5系生物凝胶的合成及物性分析

根据 1 种新的 Sol-Gel 工艺设计思路,提出了在 SiO2-CaO-MgO-P2O5 多元体系中制备均匀凝胶的方法,并采用RAMAN, XRD 和 SEM 对制得的凝胶物性进行了分析。结果表明:利用该方法可以成功地制备出均匀的生物凝胶。生物凝胶分子网络呈群聚态,包括架状、层状、链环状、二聚体及单体,以架状为主。随热处理温度升高,生物凝胶的晶化程度增加。生物凝胶干燥试样中有大量微裂纹和孔洞,并含有残余 OH 基团。试样的这些特性可增加其在溶液中与水和小分子蛋白质键合的能力。