Simulation Research of Transient Over-voltage on High-voltage Shunt Capacitor Banks

With the development of power systems,a large number of shunt capacitors are used to improve power quality in the distribution network.The shunt capacitor banks are operated much frequently,as a result,the capacitor banks will bear large numbers of over-voltage inevitably.If the over-voltage exceeds certain amplitude,the capacitor will be damaged.This paper aims at the capacitor banks in the 35 kV side of Shanghai Xu-xing 500 kV substation,and applies ATP-EMTP to simulate the over-voltages generated by operating the switches under different angles of the source.Finally,according to the results of simulation and theoretical analysis,a best choice(i.e.angles of the source) to switch on capacitor banks is proposed.In this case the over-voltage on the capacitor will be limited to lowest.

Effect of Switching Devices on Power Quality and Transient Voltage Suppression Using Capacitor Bank Model

The main purpose of the electrical power system is to transport and distribute energy generated by the central power plants in a safe and reliable manner to the customer premises. Most of the electrical equipment is exposed within the open which suggests they can be vulnerable to lightning strikes, road dwindling, windstorms, and a few engineering activities with the potential of causing different degrees of damage to the electrical equipment. One of the ways to guard the equipment is to deploy switching devices. However, the operations of most of these switching devices produce oscillatory transient in the electrical transmission and distribution systems which result in voltage, current, and frequency fluctuations in the load. This paper investigates the effect of switching devices on power quality and proposes a positive sequence voltage power transient suppression technique that can spontaneously improve the distorted voltage at the instant of capacitor switching using the capacitor line model as a case study. MATLAB/Simulink software was utilized for the analysis on an electrical network model with bus voltages of 69 kV/12.47 kV and 480 V. The results showed that, during switching operations, the positive sequence voltage power detector block produces ripple-free accurate results.

Optimum Simultaneous Allocation of Renewable Energy DG and Capacitor Banks in Radial Distribution Network

Nowadays the optimal allocation of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution network becomes the popular research area in restructuring of power system. The capacitor banks introduced in the distribution networks for reactive power compensation also have the capacity to minimize the real and reactive power losses occurred in the system. Hence, this research integrates the allocation of renewable energy DG and capacitor banks in the radial distribution network to minimize the real power loss occurred in the system. A two-stage methodology is used for simultaneous allocation of renewable DG and capacitor banks. The optimum location of renewable energy DG and capacitor banks is determined using the distributed generation sitting index (DGSI) ranking method and the optimum sizing of DG and capacitor banks is found out for simultaneous placement using weight improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (WIPSO) and self adaptive differential evolution algorithm (SADE). This two-stage methodology reduces the burden of SADE and WIPSO algorithm, by using the DGSI index in determining the optimal location. Hence the computational time gets reduced which makes them suitable for online applications. By using the above methodology, a comprehensive performance analysis is done on IEEE 33 bus and 69 bus RDNs and the results are discussed in detail.

Design of Capacitor Bank in Parallel to Photovoltaic Power Plant

The purpose of the paper is to develop a solution for application of PV （photovoltaic） generators in MV （medium voltage） distribution system without unacceptable voltage changes due to drops of PV power output. The proposed solution includes operation of PV with predetermined leading power factor and addition of a capacitor bank in parallel to PV plant in order to compensate the reactive power absorbed by the PV inverters. The analytical expression of required power factor angle is derived. Adding a capacitor bank in parallel to PV power plant may pose a problem because of space limitations. The dimensions and cost of small MV capacitor banks depend significantly on the capacitor bank protection against internal faults. Application of the developed negative-sequence current difference method for the unbalance protection of the capacitor banks enables to achieve a compact and cost-reduced design of the banks connected in parallel to PV power plants. A real-world example of operation of the PV plant in parallel to the capacitor bank with the novel protection scheme is described.

Power Quality Improvement of Distribution Network Using BESS and Capacitor Bank

The power demand around the world is increasing rapidly.The aging distribution network architectures are used by the existing utility companies to deliver power to the consumers,which significantly affects the reliability,stability and quality of the delivered power.Different techniques such as compensation devices have been used by power system engineers and researchers to maintain the quality of power transmitted to end users.In this paper,wattage and volt-amp reactive(VAR)planning scheme has been proposed by using the combination of battery energy storage systems(BESS)and compensators to deal with the vulnerability of networks to voltage drop and system inefficiency.The cost-effective combination of BESS and shunt capacitor bank will then be analyzed to indicate the benefit of the proposed scheme.

基于电流的静止无功补偿装置电容器过电压保护

针对串联电抗器的静止无功补偿装置中电容器两端未安装电压互感器导致不能精准实现电容器过电压保护的问题,提出了一种基于电流的并联电容器谐波过电压保护方法。首先,采集电容器两端的电流,利用傅里叶算法计算各次谐波电流;其次,推导电容器基波、谐波电流与电压的关系,依据所推导公式计算电容器两端各次谐波电压;最后,通过仿真软件对文中推导公式进行验证,并阐述了继电保护装置实现电容器谐波过电压保护的方法。结果证明该方法理论推导与实际仿真结果相符,提高了电容器过电压保护可靠性。

基于串联非线性电阻组合开关的补偿电容器组投切重燃过电压研究

文中旨在研究电力系统中切除并联无功补偿电容器组时出现的过电压问题。通过ATP-EMTP软件,搭建了投切电容器组模型,仿真了普通开关和串联电阻开关在多种工况下的过电压水平。为解决串联电阻开关在限制两次两相重燃时效果不佳的困扰,提出了采用串联非线性电阻组合开关的解决方案,并对比了3种方案在限制过电压方面的效果。仿真结果表明,串联非线性电阻组合开关在两次两相重燃工况下表现出卓越的限制效果,能够有效地抑制过电压并保护电容器组绝缘。该组合开关可以作为电力系统中并联电容器组无功补偿系统设计的参考。

基于双电容器耦合和线性补偿的高稳定度平顶脉冲强磁场调控系统分析与设计

平顶脉冲磁场具备脉冲磁场强度高和稳态磁场稳定度高的双重优势,是现代物理科学研究的重要工具。为满足脉冲场核磁共振、I-V测量等科学实验对平顶脉冲磁场高稳定度的需求,该文提出基于双电容器回路耦合放电和线性补偿的平顶磁场调控方案。为此,理论分析双电容器回路耦合放电过程,建立配置主/辅回路电容电压和放电时序的优化方法,基于IGBT有源区的流控特性,设计线性调节补偿回路和前馈反馈相结合的控制器,研制与主磁体解耦的1 T补偿磁体,对双电容器回路耦合放电产生的背景磁场进行高精度调控,最终实现了强度为45.2 T、持续时间为8 ms以及稳定度为0.02%的平顶脉冲磁场,满足相关固态核磁共振等科学实验需求。

基于串联电阻开关的电容器组投切重燃过电压仿真研究

研究了在500kV超高压变电站的电容器组补偿系统中,通过采用串联电阻开关来限制并联电容器组投切过程中的过电压和涌流问题。通过仿真分析了不同串联电阻阻值的影响,并提出推荐阻值,对比了使用普通断路器、相控断路器和串联电阻开关对过电压与过电流的限制效果。结果表明,串联电阻开关能有效降低重燃概率,同时可降低重燃后的过电压水平。从经济和技术角度分析,认为串联电阻开关具有较低的断路器要求、更好的经济性和实用性。

Power loss reduction of distribution systems using BFO based optimal reconfiguration along with DG and shunt capacitor placement simultaneously in fuzzy framework

In distribution systems,network reconfiguration and capacitor placement are commonly used to diminish power losses and keep voltage profiles within acceptable limits.Moreover,the problem of DG allocation and sizing is great important.In this work,a combination of a fuzzy multi-objective approach and bacterial foraging optimization(BFO) as a meta-heuristic algorithm is used to solve the simultaneous reconfiguration and optimal sizing of DGs and shunt capacitors in a distribution system.Each objective is transferred into fuzzy domain using its membership function.Then,the overall fuzzy satisfaction function is formed and considered a fitness function inasmuch as the value of this function has to be maximized to gain the optimal solution.The numerical results show that the presented algorithm improves the performance much more than other meta-heuristic algorithms.Simulation results found that simultaneous reconfiguration with DG and shunt capacitors allocation(case 5) has 77.41%,42.15%,and 56.14%improvements in power loss reduction,load balancing,and voltage profile indices,respectively in 33-bus test system.This result found 87.27%,35.82%,and 54.34%improvements of mentioned indices respectively for 69-bus system.

考虑分布式电源接入的主动配电网降压节能方法

为解决电网高峰时期供电不足的问题,提出了一种考虑分布式电源接入的主动配电网降压节能方法,旨在实现主动配电网降压运行,并在满足供电电能质量要求的前提下实现最低总能耗。首先通过增加有载调压变压器(OLTC)和分组投切电容器(CB)等调节设备,实现主动配电网降压运行,然后采用ZIP负荷模型进行优化,最后通过某城区10 kV配电网算例分析,验证了所提方法的可行性。研究结果表明,该方法在满足供电电能质量要求的同时,能够减少总能耗,降低用能成本,提高电网运行的经济性。

基于冲击发电机系统的中压断路器背对背电容器组开合试验技术

背对背电容器组开合试验用于考核断路器开合电容器组的重击穿概率,是重要的型式试验项目。针对关合涌流峰值I_(bi)和涌流频率f_(bi)在试验过程中难以准确调控,文中在分析国家标准对试验回路要求的基础上,提出以冲击发电机为试验电源的背对背电容器组三相开合试验回路,应用等效电路推导了涌流峰值I_(bi)和涌流频率f_(bi)的一般计算公式,并得出在试验电压12 kV,关合涌流峰值20 kA,开断电流分别为400 A和800 A时,线路长度l和电容值CS、涌流频率f_(bi)之间的量化关系,结果表明线路长度l与电容值C_(S)呈正相关,与涌流频率f_(bi)呈负相关。最后,应用3200 MVA冲击发电机试验系统,配置电源回路和负载回路的三相电容器组,进行了额定电压12 kV断路器背对背电容器组开合试验,关合涌流峰值I_(bi)和涌流频率f_(bi)均满足标准要求,验证了文中计算方法和试验回路的正确性和有效性。

10 kV并联电容器组不平衡保护动作诊断及分析

针对一起10 kV并联电容器组不平衡保护动作的故障案例,通过现场对并联电容器、电抗器、放电线圈、避雷器等进行诊断性试验,利用PSCAD对不平衡电压仿真计算,以及根据规程重新核算保护定值,最终确认了引起保护动作原因为该电容器内部存在故障以及不平衡保护定值设置不当。

10BA11A电容器组故障原因分析及处理

供电装置110 kV/10 kV系统在投用10 kV A段电容器组时,出现瞬间保护出口动作造成了分闸故障。分析电容器组10 kV开关保护装置的动作特点及电容器控制柜内发生的弧光短路特征,找出了电容器组产生弧光短路的原因,并采取了相应的处理措施。

±1100 kV特高压直流工程1000 kV交流滤波电容器组的研制

1000 kV交流滤波电容器组是昌吉-古泉±1100 kV特高压直流输电工程主要设备之一,用于消除1000 kV侧交流系统的谐波、补偿无功功率和改善系统的电压质量。从技术角度对1000 kV交流滤波电容器组研制进行较为全面的总结,通过采用线性插值法进行电容器组绝缘配合计算分析,推导出电容器塔底部对地绝缘水平(LIWL/SIWL)的计算公式,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立有限元仿真模型验证电容器组的抗震性能和电场强度。对电容器单元不同的降低噪声方案进行噪声测试,对比分析得到降噪效果、经济性和安全性最优的降噪方案。结果表明:1000kV交流滤波电容器组设计和制造满足±1100kV特高压直流输电工程要求,电容器组可以安全可靠运行。

π型接线高压电容器组不平衡电流离线测试方法

国内交、直流滤波器电容器组一般采用H桥型结构,但某些换流站采用π型结构电容器组,H桥型电容器组不平衡电流离线测试方法不再适用。本文提出将π型结构电容器组构成H桥型间接测量不平衡电流的新方法,分别对电阻、电容和电感3种构成H桥的方法进行计算公式推导和仿真分析。为减小现场电磁干扰对测量精度的影响,本文采用多频率点测试不平衡电流的方法进行现场测试,结果表明新方法理论思路正确,可以准确测量不平衡电流。

Particle swarm optimization algorithm for simultaneous optimal placement and sizing of shunt active power conditioner(APC)and shunt capacitor in harmonic distorted distribution system

Due to development of distribution systems and increase in electricity demand,the use of capacitor banks increases.From the other point of view,nonlinear loads generate and inject considerable harmonic currents into power system.Under this condition if capacitor banks are not properly selected and placed in the power system,they could amplify and propagate these harmonics and deteriorate power quality to unacceptable levels.With attention of disadvantages of passive filters,such as occurring resonance,nowadays the usage of this type of harmonic compensator is restricted.On the other side,one of parallel multi-function compensating devices which are recently used in distribution system to mitigate voltage sag and harmonic distortion,performs power factor correction,and improves the overall power quality as active power conditioner(APC).Therefore,the utilization of APC in harmonic distorted system can affect and change the optimal location and size of shunt capacitor bank under harmonic distortion condition.This paper presents an optimization algorithm for improvement of power quality using simultaneous optimal placement and sizing of APC and shunt capacitor banks in radial distribution networks in the presence of voltage and current harmonics.The algorithm is based on particle swarm optimization(PSO).The objective function includes the cost of power losses,energy losses and those of the capacitor banks and APCs.

并联电容器组成套装置常见缺陷及诊断分析

并联电容器组成套装置作为无功补偿装置在电力网络中大量存在,起到改善电压质量、降低线损的作用,然而由于夏季负荷较大,频发故障,多数是由三相电压不平衡导致的保护跳闸。文章将例举几种常见的故障原因并进行案例分析,提出检修策略,为运行中的电容器组成套装置的运维与检修提供一定参考。

10 kV电容器组运行异常的原因分析与处理

不平衡电压保护是电容器组的主要保护,首先介绍了电容器组故障的基本情况,分析了电容器组不平衡电压保护动作的原因,剖析了2起电容器组开关合闸后故障跳闸的案例,通过试验检查和数据分析找到了故障产生的原因,验证了保护动作原因分析的有效性,最后提出了相关防范措施和处理建议。

换流站交流滤波器电容器组不平衡保护故障分析

交流滤波器的运行工况直接影响直流输电系统的稳定运行。针对某换流站交流滤波器发生不平衡保护动作导致开关跳闸事故,结合交流滤波器实际运行经验及故障录波数据,对交流滤波器异常情况进行了分析,基于现场解体试验,查明具体故障位置存在于电容器单体的单一串联段内,故障由电容器元件击穿引起。针对电容器故障的具体原因,提出了有效的解决措施。