Effects of capture and captivity on plasma corticosterone and metabolite levels in breeding Eurasian Tree Sparrows

Background: Bringing free-living animals into captivity subjects them to the stress of both capture and captivity, leading to the alteration of normal physiological processes and behaviors through activation of the hypothalamic– pituitary–adrenal axis. In free-living birds, although elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) is an important adaptation regulating physiological and behavioral responses during the process of capture and captivity stress, little information is currently available on the effects of such stress on plasma metabolite levels. Methods: We examined the effects of immediate capture and 24-h captivity on body mass, body condition, plasma CORT, and metabolite levels including glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA), in breeding Eurasian Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus). Results: CORT and Glu levels were increased significantly by the stress of capture, whereas TC and UA levels decreased. Body mass, body condition declined notably after 24 h in captivity, but CORT, Glu, and UA levels increased. Furthermore, male sparrows had lower TG levels after both capture and captivity than those of females. The relationships between plasma CORT and metabolite levels varied between sexes. Conclusions: Our results revealed that the metabolic status of Eurasian Tree Sparrows could be dramatically altered by capture and captivity. Monitoring the dynamic effects of both capture and captivity on plasma CORT, metabolite levels in a free-living bird contributes to a better understanding of the stress-induced pathways involved in sexdependent energy mobilization.

Breeding and Reproduction of African Gray in Artificial Captivity

The breeding process, management norms and reproduction measures of African gray were briefly introduced, and the problems in breed-ing environment and reproduction process were put forward, so as to provide a reference for captive breeding of African gray.

Relationship Between Behavioral Frequency and Reproductive Potential of Female Alpine Musk Deer in Captivity

Between June 2005 and February 2006, focal sampling and all occurrence behavior recording were used to quantify the behavioral patterns of captive female alpine musk deer （Moschus sifanicus） at Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm, Gansu Province, China. Copulation success was used to differentiate individuals into two groups （successful and unsuccessful） and to provide a basis for behavioral comparisons, throughout both mating （rut） and non mating seasons. The results indicated significant differences between the behavior patterns of successful and unsuccessful females; however, the reproductive season played an important environmental factor. Pooling results across reproductive seasons, successfully copulating females showed significantly higher frequencies of vigilance and lower frequency of feeding behavior as compared with unsuccessfully copulating females. In the non-mating season, unsuccessfully copulating females had higher frequency of self-directed behavior, environment sniffing, and were less aggressive than successful copulating females. Furthermore, females who were successful at copulating also demonstrated tail-pasting behavior; however, this only occurred during the rut season. The results of this study can improve management practices for musk deer farms through increasing mating success and reducing maintenance costs. Furthermore, variation in behavior may also be used as a predictor of copulation success and reproductive potential, whereby females can be grouped and separated according to their reproductive history and past reproduction success.

Study on Gastrointestinal Parasitism of Wild Animals in Captivity at the Zoological Garden of Haramaya University, Ethiopia

Captivity of wild animals and restriction of their movement can lead to stress, resulting in suppressed immune response and reduced disease resistance ability. Wild animals in zoological gardens can predominately affected by various gastro-intestinal parasites. This study was therefore, conducted to determine occurrence, identify types and assess seasonal variation of gastrointestinal parasites in captive animals at the Zoological garden of Haramaya University. The study involved a retrospective investigation of zoo records and fecal examinations. Twenty two fecal samples were collected in December, 2013 from all the animals in the garden and examined using concentration and fecal culture techniques. Sampling was repeated after four months in April, 2014 to assess seasonal variations of the parasites. The result from the retrospective study showed death of 21 animals in the last five years. Fecal examination confirmed presence of gastrointestinal parasites with an overall mean prevalence rate of 73.8%. A total of 9 parasite taxa were identified of which 6 (66.67%) and 4 (33.33%) were helminths and protozoa respectively. No Cestode and Trematode species were recovered. Trichuris spp., Toxocara spp., Strongyloides spp., Toxascaris leonine, Passalurus ambiguous and Ascaridia spp. were the helminth parasites observed in the garden. Entamoeba spp., Isospora spp. and Eimeria spp. were the protozoan parasites encountered. No remarkable seasonal variation in parasitic infection was noticed in the garden. The study revealed occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in the zoological garden, most of which are zoonotic and hence future studies are needed to determine risks of cross-transmission.

滤过型固相萃取柱净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中15种全氟化合物的含量

提出了滤过型固相萃取柱净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鸡蛋中全氟丁酸、全氟戊酸、全氟己酸、全氟庚酸、全氟辛酸、全氟壬酸、全氟癸酸、全氟十一酸、全氟十二酸、全氟十三酸、全氟十四酸、全氟丁烷磺酸、全氟己烷磺酸、全氟庚烷磺酸、全氟辛烷磺酸等15种全氟化合物含量的方法。鸡蛋样品(2 g)中加入0.1 mL 20.0μg·L^(-1)同位素内标混合溶液,经10 mL 80%(体积分数)乙腈溶液振荡和超声提取后,离心;分取5 mL滤液,直接过滤过型Captive EMR-Lipid柱净化,收集流出液,氮吹至近干,加入500μL甲醇复溶,经涡旋、离心处理后测定。采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C_(18)RRHD色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)分离,以不同体积比的2 mmol·L^(-1)乙酸铵溶液和甲醇的混合溶液梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源负离子扫描模式下,以多反应监测模式检测,同位素内标法定量。结果表明:15种全氟化合物标准曲线的线性范围均为0.125~20.0μg·L^(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为0.05~0.16μg·kg^(-1);在0.500,4.00,16.0μg·kg^(-1)加标浓度水平下,15种目标物的回收率为78.0%~111%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.87%~14%。

A comparison of reproductive parameters of female Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)in the wild and captivity

A healthy population of captive Amur tigers might assist recovery of the wild population in Northeast China if individuals were properly prepared and considered suitable for release in the wild.We analyzed the breeding records of 68 female Amur tigers from 1995 to 2010 in the Hengdaohezi Felid Breeding Center of China and compared the reproductive parameters of this population to wild female Amur tigers.We found that the reproductive parameters of the captive population(the age of first parturition,length of gestation and litter survival rate)were not significantly different from those of wild Amur tigers.Differences in birth date and litter size between wild and captive populations may be caused by management protocols for the captive population or insufficient field data from the wild population.Reproductive parameters of females giving birth after losing a litter were similar to parameters of females that did not lose a litter,except for birth date.These results provide no indication of major problems in using captive females for a breeding program for release of cubs into the wild,but additional information is still needed to assess their suitability.

Tropical Climates May Be Suitable for Endangered Desert Tortoise Exhibits, Rescues, Adoptions

Governmental, educational, environmental and other nonprofit organizations have placed efforts on conservation action for the threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). While federal and state institutions have focused on the desert tortoise in its native habitat of the southwestern United States, there are other conservation groups whose work has been dedicated to the rescue, rehabilitation, rescue, placement and adoption of the desert tortoise in civilian homes and neighborhoods as well as sanctuaries, reserves and exhibits. AWAKE Community (AWAKE), a nonprofit organization dedicated to natural wildlife habitats and endangered species, has focused its research on desert tortoises in captivity. The California Turtle and Tortoise Club (CTTC), the official adoption arm of California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), has provided instruction on methods of care for desert tortoises raised in captivity including housing, feeding, sexing, health and hibernation for both adults and hatchlings. AWAKE’s research has been aimed at benefiting and supplementing the guidelines provided by CTTC, specifically for coastal climates. AWAKE’s research has also aimed to provide insight to be considered for expanding adoption possibilities to other locations, specifically tropical climates, as adoption needs for desert tortoises have increased. This manuscript presents an analysis of one coastal and one tropical climate that can serve as a basis for: 1) understanding and evaluating climate in both existing and potential habitats for desert tortoise adoptions, rescues and exhibits, 2) providing insight and special instruction for desert tortoise adoptions in coastal communities, and 3) expanding awareness around desert tortoise needs in captivity.

基于Captivate的网络多媒体课件制作技术研究

课件制作是现代远程教育发展中的重要一环,课件质量的优劣直接影响到远程教育的质量。针对传统多媒体课件开发技术和平台存在功能太简单、使用复杂、网络传输与播放不方便等方面的不足,本文着重探讨了Cap-tivate技术的特点和对教育培训业的影响,探讨了其在网络多媒体课件制作中的应用,介绍了用Captivate技术制作多媒体课件的方法,旨在高效便捷地进行多媒体教学课件的开发和网络课程的开发。

计算机基础课程改革的探索与实践

计算机基础课是提高学员信息素质,培养适应信息化战争所需高素质人才的核心课程,对我军信息化人才的培养起着关键作用。从教学内容的组织、教学方法的改进、教学手段的采用和灵活的考核机制等方面进行了改革和探索,为计算机基础课程改革提供了新的思路和方法。

信息技术能力培训中视频教程的制作---Macromedia Captivate的介绍与使用

该文简单介绍了屏幕录制软件Macromedia Captivate的主要功能和特点,并对利用Captivate制作演示型课件和交互型课件做了详细的介绍。信息技术培训者可以利用该软件轻松地制作出高质量的视频教程,从而实现对信息技术学习者的远程交互性指导。

微课制作利器——Adobe Captivate

随着微课的优点一天天显现,越来越多老师开始尝试自己制作微课,但由于市面上微课制作软件种类较多,难易程度不一,许多老师不知道如何选择。该文着重介绍集录屏、剪辑于一体的微课制作软件——Adobe Captivate,旨在为广大教师提供参考,从而制作出更多精彩的微课,弥补传统教学课件的不足,促进学生更加高效地学习。

基于互动技术的多媒体课件开发

本文针对近年来多媒体课件开发过程中出现的新趋势,结合课件的设计原则与互动技术的应用,对多媒体课件的制作过程进行详细的阐述。使得教师能够从教学活动和学生的实际需要出发,通过互动式多媒体技术的应用,进一步完善教学内容,制作出符合现代教育技术需要的优秀课件。

基于Adobe Captivate的交互式微课的设计与开发

近年来,伴随着教育信息化的程度越来越高,微课已经普及到我国的各级各类教育中.审视当前众多类型的微课程资源,我们发现交互式微视频更加符合多媒体制作软件类课程的教学.因此,我们以《图形图像处理》课程为例,利用Adobe Captivate录屏软件,设计与开发了一套交互式微课程,并在教学实践中加以应用,更好地提高了软件类课程的教学效果.

Adobe Captivate及其在教学中的应用

着重探讨了Captivate软件的技术特点和在网络多媒体课件制作中的应用,旨在高效便捷地进行多媒体教学课件的开发和网络课程的开发。

Adobe captivate软件在高师技能训练教学中的应用

在高师师范技能训练和青年教师课堂教学技能的实践训练中,微格教学系统起非常重要的作用。Adobe Captivate软件是一款屏幕录制软件,经过整合后使用方便,可以随时随地进行训练或演示;制作的课件交互性强,录制的视频、音频的效果佳,从节约资源和平时练习多媒体教学技能的需求方面考虑,开发以此软件为主要环境的训练平台具有一定的现实意义。

Captivate在精品课程建设中的应用研究

对Captivate在精品课程建设中应用进行研究。Captivate可以制作出从简单演示课件、评定训练课件到高级在线考试系统的一系列高质量的多媒体教学课件,贯穿整个教学过程,形成完整的精品课程教学资源链条,很容易地通过任何学习管理系统(LMS)部署模拟。

软件操作教学问题解决策略

在信息技术教育教学的过程中,教师会遇到如何有效地向学习者介绍软件的使用,以及一些特定问题的说明演示。学习者也常常在对一些软件的使用操作上存在一定困难,也旨在为这类教育教学问题提供一个有效的解决方案和策略。

使用模板快速创建框架一致的屏幕录像

利用模板能更加快速地创建影片,以Macromedia Captivate为例,介绍模板的设计、制作及使用方法。能节省时间,统一风格,极大地提高工作效率。

制作课件的利器—Macromedia Captivate

在制作课件时常需要录制计算机屏幕,以便演示计算机的操作过程。MacromediaCaptivate是一款录制屏幕的软件,能够帮助使用者创建专业品质的录屏演示作品,操作简便,功能强大。本文从制作课件的角度出发,分析了MacromediaCaptivate在制作教学课件中应用。

关于制作教学视频方法的探讨

介绍3种制作教学视频的软件,并简单叙述它们的使用方法,讨论这三款软件的主要功能和特点,为有制作教学视频愿望的教师提供一些帮助。