A strategy for lightweight designing of a railway vehicle car body including composite material and dynamic structural optimization

Rolling stock manufacturers are finding structural solutions to reduce power required by the vehicles,and the lightweight design of the car body represents a possible solution.Optimization processes and innovative materials can be combined in order to achieve this goal.In this framework,we propose the redesign and optimization process of the car body roof for a light rail vehicle,introducing a sandwich structure.Bonded joint was used as a fastening system.The project was carried out on a single car of a modern tram platform.This preliminary numerical work was developed in two main steps:redesign of the car body structure and optimization of the innovated system.Objective of the process was the mass reduction of the whole metallic structure,while the constraint condition was imposed on the first frequency of vibration of the system.The effect of introducing a sandwich panel within the roof assembly was evaluated,focusing on the mechanical and dynamic performances of the whole car body.A mass saving of 63%on the optimized components was achieved,corresponding to a 7.6%if compared to the complete car body shell.In addition,a positive increasing of 17.7%on the first frequency of vibration was observed.Encouraging results have been achieved in terms of weight reduction and mechanical behaviour of the innovated car body.

Compact Car-Body Surface Design with T-spline Surface

Creating proper B-spline surface models is a very challenging task for designers in car-body surface design.Due to the tensor-product structure of B-spline surface,some undesirable issues of the redundant control points addition,incomplete surface definition and the difficulty of trimming boundary alteration frequently occur,when designing the car-body surface with B-spline surfaces in local-feature-lines construction,full-boundary-merging and visual surface trimming.A more efficient approach is proposed to design the car-body surface by replacing B-spline surface with classical T-spline surface.With the local refinability and multilateral definition offered by Tspline surface,those designing issues related with B-spline surface can be overcomed.Finally,modeling examples of the door,hood and rear-window are given to demonstrate the advantage of T-spline surface over B-spline surface in car-body surface design.

基于Adams/Car的汽车前悬架仿真分析及优化设计

针对某车型的麦弗逊前悬架系统,用车辆多体动力学仿真软件Adams/Car建立该悬架的虚拟样机模型,对其进行双轮同向跳动激振仿真分析,并综合评价该悬架的车轮定位参数、主销后倾拖距和转向角随轮跳的响应特性.在仿真分析的基础上,针对不合理的结构设计参数,利用Adams/Insight模块进行基于设计变量灵敏度分析的优化设计.优化后的悬架参数能很好地满足设计要求,从而达到提高该悬架系统整体性能的目的.

基于Design-expert软件的汽车挡泥板多目标优化

为了解决板料成形中起皱和拉裂的问题,以某汽车挡泥板为研究对象,基于Design-exper软件,建立了摩擦系数、压边力、拉延筋阻力系数与板料拉裂、起皱之间关系的数学模型。并利用该软件进行了多目标优化,得到了最佳的参数组合:摩擦系数为0.13,压边力为350 k N,拉延筋阻力系数为35%。通过有限元模拟和生产实践验证,证明了该方法的可行的。

改进CAR-T细胞有效性和安全性的设计策略

嵌合抗原受体T(chimeric antigen receptor T cells,CAR-T)细胞已从实验室走向了临床试验,在治疗B细胞恶性肿瘤中取得了显著疗效,但在探索CAR-T细胞治疗恶性肿瘤的临床研究中,仍面临不少困难与挑战:难以找到肿瘤特异性的靶点,以克服其脱靶效应(on-target off tumor effect);在治疗实体瘤中CAR-T细胞很难达到肿瘤部位,以改善免疫抑制微环境发挥作用;CAR-T细胞在清除肿瘤细胞的同时也会杀伤表达相同靶点的正常细胞;针对除B细胞肿瘤之外的血液肿瘤以及实体瘤而言,CAR-T细胞的有效性还有待提高。本文重点介绍如何通过CAR-T细胞结构的优化使得CAR-T细胞能够精准地识别肿瘤细胞,克服肿瘤的免疫抑制微环境来提高CAR-T细胞治疗恶性肿瘤的有效性;同时使得CAR-T细胞可以被更好地控制,使得CAR-T细胞的安全性更高。

基于Adams／Car的全地形车前悬架仿真分析及优化设计

以某全地形车前悬架作为研究对象,运用Adams/Car建立前悬架的参数化模型并对其进行仿真。通过仿真分析得到前轮各定位参数随车轮跳动的变化曲线,分析各定位参数对悬架性能的影响,找出优化目标。通过优化设计,改善了悬架结构,全地形车操纵稳定性得到了提高。

基于ADAMS/CAR的整车操纵稳定性仿真及优化

依据多体系统动力学理论,采用虚拟样机技术ADAMS/CAR创建完整的整车模型,并在INSIGHT模块进行优化,对悬架的硬点坐标及性能进行改进,最后对整体进行仿真与计算。选取阶跃转向和蛇形实验来对目标车辆进行操纵稳定性能的评价。

Study on Segmented Reflector Lamp Design Based on Error Analysis

This paper discusses the basic principle and design m ethod for light distribution of car lamp, introduces an important development: h igh efficient and flexible car lamp with reflecting light distribution-segmente d reflector (multi-patch) car lamp, and puts out a design method for segmented reflector based on error analysis. Unlike classical car lamp with refractive lig ht distribution, the method of reflecting light distribution gives car lamp desi gn more flexibility. In the case of guarantying the lightness of car lamp and sa tisfying the standard demand for the light distribution, the design of the exter ior of the car lamp has more freedom. The high gradient of car lamp is more suit able for the demand of streamline of the car exterior. The shape of segmented re flector obtained by theory calculating of car lamp reflecting light distribution is only an ideal shape, which usually has considerable differences with the fin al shape and will influences light distribution. There exist difference between the calculated reflector and manufactured reflector. Owing to light reflecting c haracter, the small diversification of the reflector will reduce the big diver sification of the light distribution shape on light distribution screen in 25 -meter place, so light distribution quality can’t be ensured. To ensure the re flector by light distribution calculation accordance to reflector by practical m anufacture, the error effect of surface shape must be reasonably considered name ly the error effect of manufacture tache. The paper establishes error-analyzing model for segmented reflector according to the analysis of error of making proc ess for segmented reflector. Based on this error-analyzing model and by use of the analyzing software developed for segmented reflector light distribution, it could reasonably consider reflector errors made by manufacturing, such as reflec tor surface spray-painting and plating aluminum, which could give out shapes of reflector patches for segmented reflector well and truly, and direct the plan o f making process efficiently. The method put by the paper has successfully appli ed to develop segmented reflector lamp for several type cars and obtained good e ffect for the factory.

基于CAR构件技术的XML-Glue应用框架

模型-视图-控制器(model-view-controller)是一个经典设计模式,用来解决在Web应用开发中由于Web应用特殊性导致的各种问题。提出了基于CAR构件技术的XML-Glue应用框架的概念,来支持这个架构模式。提出了基于CAR构件技术的XML-Glue应用框架的概念,并简述了XML-Glue的工作原理,以一个简单的图形界面的完整应用为例,来说明XML-Glue应用框架是怎样工作的。

智能汽车中控的隐式交互设计策略实验研究

探究隐式交互设计特征,讨论智能汽车中控的隐式交互设计策略,为设计应用提供参考。以隐式交互概念为基础,为解决眼动注视指标的两重性解读问题,提出基于注视熵的智能汽车隐式设计评价方法,运用眼动实验、任务绩效测量和可用性评估方法,进行设计评价。分析了隐式交互的设计特征并提出设计策略。智能汽车中控的隐式交互需要进行低注意力设计,提升系统效率和用户体验。

Neuropsychological Aspects of Aging and Driving for Inclusive Automotive Interior Design

As people grow older, their cognitive functions undergo changes which may result in uncomfortable driving situations and even increase the risk of accidents. This research aims to understand the neuropsychological aspects of healthy aging and their possible relationship in changes in motor performance or ability. The research methodology is descriptive and includes a collection of basic studies in the scope of neuroscience, driving tasks, and older driver behavior. The final analysis points to certain changes in the functioning of the cerebral cortex and its connections as being responsible for poor performance in some basic driving tasks, but which can be compensated for by means of adapted mechanisms in motor vehicles. This study may contribute as a methodological tool, to the automobile design process, for the selection of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) or other emerging technologies which can compensate cognitive changes, improve safety, comfort and inclusion of older drivers in the future of automobile interior design. We conclude that in normal aging, people may present some cognitive deficits especially linked to the frontal and parietal lobe, which interfere with the necessary driving skills albeit not with the dangerous ones and can be compensated by technological solutions. The main innovation of this article is related to the bibliographical compilation and critical analysis in terms of identifying the neuropsychological aspects of normal human aging and car driving and its relationship with possible contributions from vehicular technology, as well its consider future trends in automotive interior design that should be analysed with caution in order to users inclusion.

汽车车灯支架压铸工艺CAE分析及模具设计

分析了汽车车灯支架的结构特点,进行了压铸工艺设计,并应用ProCAST软件对该铝合金压铸件的充型过程、压铸模具热平衡和温度场进行了数值模拟分析,预测缺陷产生的位置及原因,根据预测结果对模具结构进行了优化。实际生产表明,采用优化后的模具设计方案提升了铸件质量。

基于FPGA的智能小车综合设计

针对“数字电路”教学过程中,如何进行课程综合设计问题进行了教学改革实践。首先论述了传统综合设计选题的局限性;接着重点阐述了如何选题、进行教学设计、考核评价方法;并以通信2019级的坡道循迹小车为例,介绍了设计要求与条件、设计方案与设计原理、设计结果,并做了总结。

Technical Analysis and Improvement of the Pedestrian Safety Protection of a Car Hood

The pedestrian protection technology must be used in automotive design if China-made automotives want to compete and grow strong in the world in the future. In this paper, a CAE simulation analysis is made for a domestic sedan car hood to check whether it meet the pedestrian safety protection laws and regulations. Results show that the original car cannot meet the demands of the rules. In order to meet the standards of the pedustrian protection rules, the car hood should undergo structural improvements. Tested again by CAE simulation analysis, the car after a series of improved design can reached the 3-star class EuroNCAP（ Euro New Car Assessment Program）standard of the car pedestrian safety protection laws and regulations.

“新能源二手车技术状况鉴定”教学实施报告

根据中汽协发布的我国2021年汽车产销数据,汽车产销量分别为2608.2万辆和2627.5万辆,同比增长为3.4%和3.8%。其中,新能源汽车产销量呈现出爆发式增长,产销量分别为354.5万辆和352.1万辆,分别同比增长为159.5%和157.5%。未来,新能源汽车二手车市场份额将越来越大,其残值评估是制约市场流通的关键要素之一。通过对使用年限、行驶里程、车辆性能、车辆维护保养状况和车辆事故的评估,可以有效地评估出车辆价值,具有很强的实用性。目前,国家制度上没有新能源二手车鉴定评估师国家职业标准,现行的标准《二手车鉴定评估师国家职业标准》并不能完全适用于新能源二手车评估师,所以培养这类评估师的工作迫在眉睫。通过学校、第三方鉴定机构、企业等多方面力量联合,对必要的知识和技能培训,为新能源二手车评估师队伍奠定基础。

产品服务系统设计思维下的校园快递包装可持续系统设计研究

基于产品服务系统设计思维研究校园快递包装回收系统创新思路,以解决快递业务量增大与快递包装回收体系不健全之间的矛盾。使用全生命周期分析、AEIOU观察法找到系统的设计介入点;使用“由内向外”分析法挖掘利益相关人;使用用户访谈语言材料分析方法进行用户访谈定性研究。提出一套校园智能快递运输及包装回收一体化系统,通过快递取件和包装回收场景的整合,设计出集取件与包装回收于一体的智能车及配套小程序。整合校园内智能快递运输资源,简化了快递包装回收流程,促进低碳物流发展。

Rationally designed approaches to augment CAR-T therapy for solid tumor treatment

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell denoted as CAR-T therapy has realized incredible therapeutic advancements for B cell malignancy treatment.However,its therapeutic validity has yet to be successfully achieved in solid tumors.Different from hematological cancers,solid tumors are characterized by dysregulated blood vessels,dense extracellular matrix,and filled with immunosuppressive signals,which together result in CAR-T cells’insufficient infiltration and rapid dysfunction.The insufficient recognition of tumor cells and tumor heterogeneity eventually causes cancer reoccurrences.In addition,CAR-T therapy also raises safety concerns,including potential cytokine release storm,on-target/off-tumor toxicities,and neuro-system side effects.Here we comprehensively review various targeting aspects,including CAR-T cell design,tumor modulation,and delivery strategy.We believe it is essential to rationally design a combinatory CAR-T therapy via constructing optimized CAR-T cells,directly manipulating tumor tissue microenvironments,and selecting the most suitable delivery strategy to achieve the optimal outcome in both safety and efficacy.

浅析我国概念汽车设计的重要性和发展概况

本文旨在探讨概念汽车设计的重要性,通过对传统汽车设计与概念汽车设计的比较分析,展示其在现代汽车工业中的作用和影响。本文首先介绍了汽车设计的历史、概念汽车设计的定义和发展,然后分析了概念汽车设计在技术研究、品牌营销和消费者需求满足中的作用。最后,总结了概念汽车设计对现代汽车工业的重要性,并提出了相关建议。

单座小型赛车车架设计与仿真

单座小型赛车广泛用于各游乐场所、汽车竞赛以及赛道日活动,由于产量低、用途单一且不能合法上路,故无需遵守量产车的设计原则和相关法规,设计空间较大。这种赛车通常注重加速/制动性能以及操控稳定性,其中中国大学生方程式汽车大赛(FSC)是单座小型赛车的代表产品。车架是单座小型赛车的重要组成部分,绝大多数的赛车零部件都需要安装在车架上。本文以中国大学生方程式赛车规格的单座小型赛车车架为研究对象,设计一副具有足够刚度和强度的车架并进行优化,基于UGNX和ANSYS Workbench软件平台,分别建立车架三维模型和有限元模型,计算车架弯曲刚度和扭转刚度并完成模态验证。

碳纤维复合材料的FSAE赛车车架轻量化仿真分析

为提高FSAE赛车在比赛时的速度并达到减少污染尾气排放和节约能源的目的,设计者一直试图使用新材料完成赛车车架结构的轻量化设计。为此,使用碳纤维树脂基复合材料HTA/6376C,依据复合材料层合板设计原则进行铺层设计,开展FSAE赛车车架的轻量化设计。首先建立了车架的有限元模型;然后根据赛车实际运用时的典型工况施加载荷,利用有限元分析软件求解并确定了危险点;最后基于最大应力准则对危险点进行了强度校核。研究结果表明:在满足强度要求的基础上,车架结构减重近11%,达到了较好的轻量化效果;研究结果为FSAE赛车车架轻量化设计的新材料选取提供了基础数据。