Square concrete columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced plastics sheets at low temperatures

Twenty-one square concrete columns were constructed and tested. The testing results indicate that bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CFRP) sheets can be used to increase the strength and improve the serviceability of damaged concrete columns at low temperatures. The failure of the specimens,in most cases,takes place within the middle half of the columns. And the failure of strengthened columns is sudden and explosive. The CFRP sheets increase both the axial load capacity and the ultimate concrete compressive strain of the columns. The ultimate loads of strengthened columns at-10,0 and 10 ℃ increase averagely by 9.09%,6.63% and 17.83%,respectively,as compared with those of the control specimens. The axial compressive strength of strengthened columns is related to the curing temperatures. The improvement of axial compressive strength decreases with reducing temperature,and when the temperature drops to a certain value,the improvement increases with falling temperature.

Characterization of carbon fibers recovered through mechanochemical-enhanced recycling of waste carbon fiber reinforced plastics

In this study,we present the characterization of the carbon fibers recovered from the mechanochemical-enhanced recycling of carbon fiber reinforced fibers.The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of our modified recycling method on the interfacial properties of recovered fibers.The reinforced plastics were recycled;the recycling efficiency was determined and the recovered fibers were sized using 1 wt%and 3 wt%concentration of(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane.We characterized the morphologies utilizing the electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis(ESCA),atomic force microscopy(AFM),FTIR-attenuated total reflection(ATR)spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Although the surface of the fibers had no cracks,there was evidence of contaminations which affected the interfacial properties and the quality of the fibers.Results showed that the trends in the recovered and virgin fibers were similar with an increase in sizing concentration.The results highlighted the perspectives of increasing the quality of recovered fibers after the recycling process.

Tribological Behavior of Diamond Coatings against Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics under Dry Conditions

The frictional resistance and machining quality when cutting carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates are associated with tribological behavior of tool materials. In the present study, the tribological properties of three types of monolayer microcrystalline diamond (MCD) coatings, nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings and dual-layer MCD/NCD coatings sliding against CFRP are investigated under dry lubricated conditions using the rotational friction tester. The coefficients of friction (COF), wear rate and worn surfaces of the contacted surfaces are analyzed for the MCD-CFRP, NCD-CFRP and MCD/NCD-CFRP contacting pairs. The results show that compared with the monolayer MCD and NCD, the bilayer of MCD/NCD coating displays the lowest COF with the value of ~0.13, it is 42% and 55% of the values for MCD and NCD coatings. Due to the rough surfaces of MCD, the wear debris of CFRP on MCD samples exhibits the plowing effect. While for the NCD and MCD/NCD samples, the wear fragments display the planar shapes. The wear rate of CFRP against MCD is more than twice that of CFRP against NCD, due to the excellent loading capacity. While the wear rate of CFRP against MCD/NCD is about twice than that of CFRP-NCD pairs. The bilayer of MCD/NCD combines the excellent advantages of high hardness of MCD and the smooth surface of NCD. It shows the broad application potential for the bilayer coatings.

Entrance and Exit Defects During Coarse Pitch Orbital Drilling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Plates

Formation of entrance and exit defects in coarse pitch orbital drilling(CPOD)of carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP)plates was investigated.Deep observation on entrance and exit morphology shows tear and burr are typical defects.Meanwhile,tear is more obvious than burr,and more entrance tears emerge than exit tears.As one of the major causes of entrance and exit defects in CPOD,cutting forces were substaintially studied by contrast experiments.Then,the effect of cutting parameters on entrance and exit tear was qualitatively analyzed through a single factor test.Experiment results indicate that the variation of rotation speed has little influence on entrance and exit tear.Increasing tangential feed per tooth can enlarge entrance tear,but bring little effect on exit tear.By increasing axial feed pitch,the hole entrance and exit show severe tear.When revolution radius grows bigger and bigger,entrance and exit tear firstly decreases,and then increases.Finally,the models of tear and delamination during CPOD of CFRP were established,the formation mechanisms of entrance and exit defects were revealed,and the control strategies were accordingly put forward.

Feasibility study of wave-motion milling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic holes

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP)has been applied in aeronautics,aerospace,automotive and medical industries due to its superior mechanical properties.However,due to its difficult-to-cut characteristic,various damages in twist drilling and chip removal clog in core drilling could happen,inevitably reducing hole quality and hole-manufacturing efficiency.This paper proposes the wave-motion milling(WMM)method for CFRP hole-manufacturing to improve hole quality.This paper presents a motion path model based on the kinematics of the WMM method.The wave-motion cutting mode in WMM was analyzed first.Then,comparison experiments on WMM and conventional helical milling(CHM)of CFRP were carried out under dry conditions.The results showed that the hole surface quality of the CFRP significantly improved with a decrease of 18.1%–36%of Ra value in WMM compared to CHM.WMM exerted a significantly weaker thrust force than that of CHM with a reduction of 12.0%–24.9%and 3%–7.7%for different axial feed per tooth and tangential feed per tooth,respectively.Meanwhile,the hole exit damages significantly decreased in WMM.The average tear length at the hole exit in WMM was reduced by 3.5%–29.5%and 35.5%–44.7%at different axial feed per tooth and tangential feed per tooth,respectively.Moreover,WMM significantly alleviated tool wear.The experimental results suggest that WMM is an effective and promising strategy for CFRP hole-manufacturing.

Microstructure of Carbon Fiber and Carbon Reinforced Plastic

This study is the investigation of the microstructure of different types of carbon fiber. They were compared with the carbonized and graphitized fibers. Results of structural researches have been presented. It was found that the damage varies from different pollution and the damage of the monofibers. The effect of the pollution of the monofiber was determined.

Parameters of static response of carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) suspension cables

The feasibility of longer spans relies on the successful implementation of new high-strength light weight materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP). First, a dimensionless equilibrium equation and the corresponding compatibility equation are established to develop the cable force equation and cable displacement governing equation for suspension cables, respectively. Subsequently, the inextensible cable case is introduced. The formula of the Irvine parameter is considered and its physical interpretation as well as its relationship with the chord gravity stiffness is presented. The influences on the increment of cable force and displacement by λ2 and load ratio p′ are analyzed, respectively. Based on these assumptions and the analytical formulations, a 2000 m span suspension cable is utilized as an example to verify the proposed formulation and the responses of the relative increment of cable force and cable displacement under symmetrical and asymmetrical loads are studied and presented. In each case, the deflections resulting from elastic elongation or solely due to geometrical displacement are analyzed for the lower elastic modulus CFRP. Finally, in comparison with steel cables, the influences on the cable force equation and the governing displacement equation by span and rise span ratio are analyzed. Moreover, the influences on the static performance of suspension bridge by span and sag ratios are also analyzed. The substantive characteristics of the static performance of super span CFRP suspension bridges are clarified and the superiority and the characteristics of CFRP cable structure are demonstrated analytically.

Impact Responses of the Carbon Fiber Fabric Reinforced Composites

To study the response characteristics of the carbon fiber fabric reinforced composites under impact loading, one dimensional strain impact test, multi gauge technique and Lagrange analysis method are used. The decaying rule of the stress σ , strain ε , strain rate ε · and density ρ with time and space is obtained. By the theory of dynamics, the impact response characteristics of the material is analyzed and discussed.

Study of damage behavior and repair effectiveness of patch repaired carbon fiber laminate under quasi-static indentation loading

Damage caused due to low-velocity impacts in composites leads to substantial deterioration in their residual strength and eventually provokes structural failure.This work presents an experimental investigation on the effects of different patch and parent laminate stacking sequences on the enhancement of impact strength of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers(CFRP)composites by utilising the adhesively bonded external patch repair technique.Damage evolution study is also performed with the aid of Acoustic Emission(AE).Two different quasi-isotropic configurations were selected for the parent laminate,viz.,[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/0°/45°/0°]s.Quasi Static Indentation(QSI)test was performed on both the pristine laminates,and damage areas were detected by using the C-scan inspection technique.Damaged laminates were repaired by using a single-sided patch of two different configurations,viz.,[45°/45°/45°/45°]and[45°/0°/0°/45°],and employing a circular plug to fill the damaged hole.Four different combinations of repaired laminates with two configurations of each parent and patch laminate were produced,which were further subjected to the QSI test.The results reveal the effectiveness of the repair method,as all the repaired laminates show higher impact resistance compared to the respective pristine laminates.Patches of[45°/0°/0°/45°]configuration when repaired by taking[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/0°/45°/0°]s as parents exhibited 68%and 73%higher peak loads,respectively,than the respective pristine laminates.Furthermore,parent and patch of configuration[45°/0°/45°/0°]s and[45°/0°/0°/45°],respectively,attain the highest peak load,whereas[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/45°/45°/45°]combinations possess the most gradual decrease in the load.

Toughness and Fracture Mechanism of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

The fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite(CFRP)was investigated through mode I and mode II shaped fracture system in this paper.A novel polyimide with trifluoromethyl groups and grafted nanosilica were used to modify epoxy resin.Effect of modified resin and unmodified resin on fracture toughness of CFRP was compared and discussed.Lay-up angles and thicknesses effects on fracture toughness of composites were also investigated.The fracture toughness of CFRP was obtained through double cantilever beam(DCB)and end notched flexure(ENF)tests.The results showed that the composites prepared by modified resin exhibited high fracture toughness compared with unmodified composites.The fracture toughness value of mode I increased from 1.83 kJ/m2 to 4.55 kJ/m2.The fracture toughness value of mode II increased from 2.30 kJ/m2 to 6.47 kJ/m2.

Effect of Fibre Packing on Random Variability of Compressive Strength of Unidirectional Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic

Compression tests on twenty unidirectional(UD) carbon fibre reinforced plastic(CFRP) specimens are conducted, the statistics on the measured compressive strength is calculated, and the fracture surface is characterized. Two types of different fracture surface are experimentally observed, and they are corresponding to very different values on the compressive strength. A finite element(FE) analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of random fibre packing on the compressive strength. And a riks method(provided in ABAQUS software) is applied in FE model to analyze fibre buckling behaviour in the vicinity of compressive failure. The FE analysis agrees well with the experimental observation on the two types of buckling modes and also the partition of compressive strength. It is clearly shown that the random fibre packing lays a significant influence on the random variability of compressive strength of CFRP.

CFRP及EWSS复合加固震损双层高架桥框架式桥墩恢复力模型研究

为研究碳纤维布(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)及外包型钢(Externally Wrapped Steel Section,EWSS)复合加固震损双层高架桥框架式桥墩的恢复力模型,对1榀原型对比试件、1榀无预损加固试件和2榀遭受不同地震损伤加固试件进行了低周往复加载破坏试验,获取了滞回曲线并提取骨架曲线,分析其滞回特性,提出一种弹性段和强化段为双折线、下降段为指数函数且考虑初始损伤的骨架曲线模型;采用试验数据回归拟合方法,定量描述了试件滞回曲线卸载刚度的退化规律,考虑了同级加载承载力退化和定点指向特征,建立了恢复力模型。研究结果表明:复合加固试件滞回曲线捏缩现象明显,呈倒S型,各滞回环分别相交于骨架曲线上正向、负向荷载为屈服荷载0.25倍的点,峰值荷载后EWSS产生包辛格效应;所提出的骨架曲线模型对中度震损和重度震损加固试件下降段指数函数的参数k建议取值分别为3.6和3.4;所建立的骨架曲线模型和恢复力模型计算结果与试验实测结果吻合较好,可为该类结构弹塑性地震反应分析提供依据。

侧向冲击荷载作用下CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土柱的动力响应

为了研究CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土固简柱的抗侧向冲击性能,采用水平撞击装置对3个CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土柱进行侧向冲击试验.根据柱的破坏模式、局部变形、整体变形及冲击力分析柱的动力响应,研究了CFRP型材、边界条件、冲击能量与冲击冲量对试件动力响应的影响规律.结果表明,CFRP型材-方钢管混凝土固简柱呈现弯曲破坏,具有良好的抗冲击性能,且随着支座约束能力的增大,抗侧向冲击性能增大.增加单位冲击冲量可使悬臂试件的峰值位移下降7%,而两端固支试件峰值位移仅变化1%.随着支座约束能力的下降,冲击冲量对试件变形的影响程度增大.在钢管混凝土固简试件中内置CFRP型材可使冲击位置处峰值位移下降9%,且降低程度随着支座约束能力的下降而增加.

氯盐干湿循环作用下表面开槽CFRP-混凝土界面抗剪性能试验

为探究氯盐干湿循环作用下表面开槽CFRP-混凝土界面抗剪性能,开展干湿循环(0 d、60 d和120 d)不同沟槽形状(矩形、正梯形和倒梯形)的单搭接拉伸剪切试验,研究失效模式和断裂能的变化及影响最大剪应力的因素,结合试验结果推导了考虑干湿循环的界面黏结滑移本构方程,并通过数值模拟验证其有效性。结果表明:随干湿循环进行,表面开槽法失效模式由CFRP断裂破坏转变为剥离破坏;120 d界面断裂能下降量较未开槽法减少60.04%~69.42%;正梯形组120 d最大剪应力相比其他表面开槽形状提升7.18%~9.48%。表面开槽法在氯盐干湿循环作用下具有较好的抗剪性能,建立的界面本构劣化方程适用于氯盐干湿循环作用下表面开槽CFRP-混凝土界面黏结性能的分析和模拟。

飞秒激光表面织构化对CFRP/2060铝锂合金高速激光连接接头剪切性能的影响

激光表面织构化作为提高异质结构接头剪切性能的有效手段,已广泛应用于碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)与金属材料激光连接领域中。采用波长515 nm的飞秒激光在2060铝锂合金表面制备微结构,采用能量密度分布均匀的矩形光斑实现CFRP和2060铝锂合金异质接头的高速光纤激光连接,探讨飞秒激光刻蚀深度、扫描线间距对异质结构接头剪切强度的影响规律。结果表明,通过飞秒激光织构化处理,异质接头剪切强度得到了大幅提升,接头破坏形式均为界面断裂和基体断裂的混合断裂模式。在激光功率5 kW、焊接速度高达3.6 m/min条件下,接头平均剪切强度可达35.7 MPa,是未经飞秒激光织构化接头的2.3倍。

极地低温下CFRP筋与混凝土黏结性能数值分析

为进一步了解极地低温下碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)筋与混凝土的黏结性能,在现有试验的基础上,采用ABAQUS软件建立考虑CFRP筋表面特征的数值模型,分析64种工况,研究低温下CFRP筋直径、肋高、肋宽与混凝土保护层厚度等参数对黏结性能的影响。结果表明:考虑CFRP筋表面特征的数值模型可以较好地表征CFRP筋与混凝土之间的应力传递,能够反映低温下CFRP筋与混凝土的损伤情况与黏结破坏机制;低温可显著提高CFRP筋-混凝土的黏结强度;在低温下,随着CFRP筋直径的增加,CFRP筋与混凝土的黏结强度降低,同时弱化了低温对黏结强度的增强效应;随着CFRP筋肋高的增加,CFRP筋-混凝土的低温黏结强度呈现先提高后降低的趋势,肋高为筋材直径8%时黏结强度达到最大值;CFRP筋肋宽的变化主要影响黏结滑移曲线的形状;相比常温试件,在低温下试件发生拔出破坏时的混凝土保护层厚度更大。

弯-剪-扭复合受力CFRP布加固RC梁抗扭性能细观数值分析

为了研究弯-剪-扭复合受力条件下碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced polymer, CFRP)布加固钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete, RC)梁的抗扭性能,建立体现混凝土材料非均质性、钢筋-混凝土黏结滑移关系和CFRP布-混凝土相互作用关系的细观数值分析模型。由于缺乏CFRP布加固RC梁在弯-剪-扭复合受力作用下失效破坏的典型物理试验,采用复合对比验证法对数值模型的合理性进行验证,即分别与单独受剪、单独受扭以及受弯-扭复合作用下RC梁和CFRP布加固RC梁的试验结果进行对比验证。进而,基于建立的细观数值分析模型探究了配纤率和扭弯比对CFRP布加固RC梁在弯-剪-扭复合受力作用下抗扭力学性能的影响。结果表明:1)采用CFRP布加固能够显著提高RC梁的峰值扭矩;2)随配纤率增加,RC梁损伤分布范围逐渐变大,CFRP布应变逐渐减小,梁整体峰值扭矩增大,但其增大幅度减小;3)随扭弯比增加,RC梁裂缝分布愈加集中,裂缝与水平方向夹角逐渐减小,梁整体峰值扭矩增大,CFRP布应变减小。建立的考虑弯-剪-扭复合受力作用的数值模拟方法可为后续研究复杂应力状态下CFRP布加固RC梁尺寸效应行为等奠定基础。

CFRP板纵向加固RC柱在水平低周循环荷载下的力学性能研究与应用

开发了一种纵向粘贴CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,碳纤维增强复合材料)板的RC(Reinforced Concrete,钢筋混凝土)柱抗弯加固系统,该加固系统由纵向粘贴在柱表面的预制CFRP板和防止柱底CFRP板脱粘的混凝土加厚层组成.为研究纵向粘贴CFRP板对RC柱的抗弯性能影响,设计并开展了5根足尺矩形RC柱的水平低周循环加载试验.研究结果表明:粘贴CFRP板加固能有效延缓柱的开裂;柱的破坏模式得到明显改善;相较于未加固柱子,粘贴1层CFRP板和2层CFRP板加固的RC柱极限承载力分别提高了15.1%和17.4%;加固后柱的抗弯承载力和刚度得到提高,但增加CFRP板的层数对极限强度和刚度没有显著影响,反而会降低柱的延性,相较于仅采用增大柱底截面的方式加固的对照柱,粘贴1层CFRP板和2层CFRP板加固的试验柱的延性系数分别降低16.2%和35.1%;试验过程中,由于柱与基础节点承载力的限制,CFRP的最大应变仅达到极限应变的24%,抗拉强度未得到充分发挥.该加固方法已在某医院加固工程中得到应用,跟踪研究表明,加固后柱子的抗弯承载力有明显提升,加固方法得到工程业界的认可.

超声振动辅助磨削CFRP复合材料薄管撕裂损伤研究

针对碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)薄管超声振动辅助磨削过程中存在撕裂损伤且形成原因不明确的问题,通过对M55J和T300复合材料薄管开展超声振动辅助磨削试验,探究了超声振幅、进给量及主轴转速对磨削力和撕裂尺寸的影响规律,通过对磨削过程的受力分析和对最大未变形切屑厚度的计算,分析了撕裂位置的形成原因和撕裂尺寸的变化规律。结果表明:磨削力随超声振幅的增大而减小,随进给量的增大而增大,与主轴转速的关联性较小;撕裂易出现于CFRP薄管内壁,其长度与高度随超声振幅的增大而减小,随进给量的增大而增大,随主轴转速的增大而减小。

熔丝制造3D打印CFRP层内损伤破坏机理与模型研究

为将3D打印技术应用到桥梁工程中,以熔丝制造3D打印碳纤维复合材料锚环为研究对象,开展了材料层内损伤失效机理的基础性研究工作.首先,对锚环进行了张拉锚固破坏试验,明晰材料的损伤失效模式.其次,测试分析了材料的弹性参数及强度参数值,供后续仿真分析使用.最后,通过VUMAT子程序构建了材料的损伤失效本构关系,利用ABAQUS仿真分析软件模拟熔丝制造3D打印碳纤维复合材料锚环的渐进损伤失效全过程,分析其层内损伤失效机理.结果表明:熔丝制造3D打印碳纤维复合材料具有显著的层内损伤现象;选用Hashin损伤起始判据与刚度瞬间退化模型作为熔丝制造3D打印碳纤维复合材料损伤力学模型偏于安全,具有一定的可行性;锚环在高度方向产生纵向裂纹是由纤维拉伸失效导致的.