Enhancing the Interaction of Carbon Nanotubes by Metal-Organic Decomposition with Improved Mechanical Strength and Ultra-Broadband EMI Shielding Performance

The remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have led to promising applications in the field of electromagnetic inter-ference(EMI)shielding.However,for macroscopic CNT assemblies,such as CNT film,achieving high electrical and mechanical properties remains challenging,which heavily depends on the tube-tube interac-tions of CNTs.Herein,we develop a novel strategy based on metal-organic decomposition(MOD)to fabricate a flexible silver-carbon nanotube(Ag-CNT)film.The Ag particles are introduced in situ into the CNT film through annealing of MOD,leading to enhanced tube-tube interactions.As a result,the electrical conductivity of Ag-CNT film is up to 6.82×10^(5) S m^(-1),and the EMI shielding effectiveness of Ag-CNT film with a thickness of~7.8μm exceeds 66 dB in the ultra-broad frequency range(3-40 GHz).The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of Ag-CNT film increase from 30.09±3.14 to 76.06±6.20 MPa(~253%)and from 1.12±0.33 to 8.90±0.97 GPa(~795%),respectively.Moreover,the Ag-CNT film exhibits excellent near-field shield-ing performance,which can effectively block wireless transmission.This innovative approach provides an effective route to further apply macroscopic CNT assemblies to future portable and wearable electronic devices.

Heat transfer enhanced inorganic phase change material compositing carbon nanotubes for battery thermal management and thermal runaway propagation mitigation

Developing technologies that can be applied simultaneously in battery thermal management(BTM)and thermal runaway(TR)mitigation is significant to improving the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Inorganic phase change material(PCM)with nonflammability has the potential to achieve this dual function.This study proposed an encapsulated inorganic phase change material(EPCM)with a heat transfer enhancement for battery systems,where Na_(2)HPO_(4)·12H_(2)O was used as the core PCM encapsulated by silica and the additive of carbon nanotube(CNT)was applied to enhance the thermal conductivity.The microstructure and thermal properties of the EPCM/CNT were analyzed by a series of characterization tests.Two different incorporating methods of CNT were compared and the proper CNT adding amount was also studied.After preparation,the battery thermal management performance and TR propagation mitigation effects of EPCM/CNT were further investigated on the battery modules.The experimental results of thermal management tests showed that EPCM/CNT not only slowed down the temperature rising of the module but also improved the temperature uniformity during normal operation.The peak battery temperature decreased from 76℃to 61.2℃at 2 C discharge rate and the temperature difference was controlled below 3℃.Moreover,the results of TR propagation tests demonstrated that nonflammable EPCM/CNT with good heat absorption could work as a TR barrier,which exhibited effective mitigation on TR and TR propagation.The trigger time of three cells was successfully delayed by 129,474 and 551 s,respectively and the propagation intervals were greatly extended as well.

In situ formation of multiple catalysts for enhancing the hydrogen storage of MgH_(2) by adding porous Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7)/Ni loaded carbon nanotubes microspheres

MgH_(2) is considered one of the most promising hydrogen storage materials because of its safety,high efficiency,high hydrogen storage quantity and low cost characteristics.But some shortcomings are still existed:high operating temperature and poor hydrogen absorption dynamics,which limit its application.Porous Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7)/Ni loaded carbon nanotubes microspheres(NZC/Ni@CNT)is prepared by facile filtration and calcination method.Then the different amount of NZC/Ni@CNT(2.5,5.0 and 7.5 wt%)is added to the MgH_(2) by ball milling.Among the three samples with different amount of NZC/Ni@CNT(2.5,5.0 and 7.5 wt%),the MgH_(2)-5 wt%NZC/Ni@CNT composite exhibits the best hydrogen storage performances.After testing,the MgH_(2)-5 wt%NZC/Ni@CNT begins to release hydrogen at around 110℃ and hydrogen absorption capacity reaches 2.34 wt%H_(2) at 80℃ within 60 min.Moreover,the composite can release about 5.36 wt%H_(2) at 300℃.In addition,hydrogen absorption and desorption activation energies of the MgH_(2)-5 wt%NZC/Ni@CNT composite are reduced to 37.28 and 84.22 KJ/mol H_(2),respectively.The in situ generated Mg_(2)NiH_(4)/Mg_(2)Ni can serve as a"hydrogen pump"that plays the main role in providing more activation sites and hydrogen diffusion channels which promotes H_(2) dissociation during hydrogen absorption process.In addition,the evenly dispersed Zn and MgZn2 in Mg and MgH_(2) could provide sites for Mg/MgH_(2) nucleation and hydrogen diffusion channel.This attempt clearly proved that the bimetallic carbide Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7) is a effective additive for the hydrogen storage performances modification of MgH_(2),and the facile synthesis of the Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7)/Ni@CNT can provide directions of better designing high performance carbide catalysts for improving MgH_(2).

Hollow tubes constructed by carbon nanotubes self-assembly for CO_(2) capture

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have garnered significant attention in the fields of science,engineering,and medicine due to their numerous advantages.The initial step towards harnessing the potential of CNTs involves their macroscopic assembly.The present study employed a gentle and direct self-assembly technique,wherein controlled growth of CNT sheaths occurred on the metal wire’s surface,followed by etching of the remaining metal to obtain the hollow tubes composed of CNTs.By controlling the growth time and temperature,it is possible to alter the thickness of the CNTs sheath.After immersing in a solution containing 1 g/L of CNTs at 60℃ for 24 h,the resulting CNTs layer achieved a thickness of up to 60μm.These hollow CNTs tubes with varying inner diameters were prepared through surface reinforcement using polymers and sacrificing metal wires,thereby exhibiting exceptional attributes such as robustness,flexibility,air tightness,and high adsorption capacity that effectively capture CO_(2) from the gas mixture.

Hollow ZIF-67-derived Co@N-doped carbon nanotubes boosting the hydrogenation of phenolic compounds to alcohols

The selective hydrogenation of highly toxic phenolic compounds to generate alcohols with thermal stability,environmental friendliness,and non-toxicity is of great importance.Herein,a series of Co-based catalysts,named Co@NCNTs,were designed and constructed by direct pyrolysis of hollow ZIF-67(HZIF-67)under H_(2)/Ar atmosphere.The evolution of the catalyst surface from the shell layer assembled by ZIF-67-derived particles to the in situ-grown hollow nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(NCNTs)with certain length and density is achieved by adjusting the pyrolysis atmosphere and temperature.Due to the synergistic effects of in situ-formed hollow NCNTs,well-dispersed Co nanoparticles,and intact carbon matrix,the as-prepared Co@NCNTs-0.10-450 catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance in the hydrogenation of phenolic compounds to alcohols.The turnover frequency value of Co@NCNTs-0.10-450is 3.52 h^(-1),5.9 times higher than that of Co@NCNTs-0.40-450 and 4.5 times higher than that of Co@NCNTs-0.10-550,exceeding most previously reported non-noble metal catalysts.Our findings provide new insights into the development of non-precious metal,efficient,and cost-effective metal-organic framework-derived catalysts for the hydrogenation of phenolic compounds to alcohols.

Self-templating synthesis of biomass-based porous carbon nanotubes for energy storage and catalytic degradation applications

Dwindling energy sources and a worsening environment are huge global problems,and biomass wastes are an under-exploited source of material for both energy and material generation.Herein,self-template decoction dregs of Ganoderma lucidum-derived porous carbon nanotubes(ST-DDLGCs)were synthesized via a facile and scalable strategy in response to these challenges.ST-DDLGCs exhibited a large surface area(1731.51 m^(2)g^(-1))and high pore volume(0.76 cm^(3)g^(-1)),due to the interlacing tubular structures of precursors and extra-hierarchical porous structures on tube walls.In the ST-DDLGC/PMS system,the degradation efficiency of capecitabine(CAP)reached~97.3%within 120 min.Moreover,ST-DDLGCs displayed high catalytic activity over a wide pH range of 3–9,and strong anti-interference to these typical and ubiquitous anions in wastewater and natural water bodies(i.e.,H_(2)PO_(4)^(-),NO_(3)^(-),Cl^(-) and HCO_(3)^(-)),in which a ^(1)O_(2)-dominated oxidation was identified and non-radical mechanisms were deduced.Additionally,ST-DDLGC-based coin-type symmetrical supercapacitors exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance,with specific capacitances of up to 328.1 F g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1),and cycling stability of up to 98.6%after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).The superior properties of ST-DDLGCs could be attributed to the unique porous tubular structure,which facilitated mass transfer and presented numerous active sites.The results highlight ST-DDLGCs as a potential candidate for constructing inexpensive and advanced environmentally functional materials and energy storage devices.

Superior Anodic Lithium Storage in Core–Shell Heterostructures Composed of Carbon Nanotubes and Schiff-Base Covalent Organic Frameworks

Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)after undergoing the superlithiation process promise high-capacity anodes while suffering from sluggish reaction kinetics and low electrochemical utilization of redox-active sites.Herein,integrating carbon nanotubes(CNTs)with imine-linked covalent organic frameworks(COFs)was rationally executed by in-situ Schiff-base condensation between 1,1′-biphenyl]-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarbaldehyde and 1,4-diaminobenzene in the presence of CNTs to produce core–shell heterostructured composites(CNT@COF).Accordingly,the redox-active shell of COF nanoparticles around one-dimensional conductive CNTs synergistically creates robust three-dimensional hybrid architectures with high specific surface area,thus promoting electron transport and affording abundant active functional groups accessible for electrochemical utilization throughout the whole electrode.Remarkably,upon the full activation with a superlithiation process,the as-fabricated CNT@COF anode achieves a specific capacity of 2324 mAh g^(−1),which is the highest specific capacity among organic electrode materials reported so far.Meanwhile,the superior rate capability and excellent cycling stability are also obtained.The redox reaction mechanisms for the COF moiety were further revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,involving the reversible redox reactions between lithium ions and C=N groups and gradual electrochemical activation of the unsaturated C=C bonds within COFs.

Nonlinear phenomena in vibrations of embedded carbon nanotubes conveying viscous fluid

Various nonlinear phenomena such as bifurcations and chaos in the responses of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)are recognized as being major contributors to the inaccuracy and instability of nanoscale mechanical systems.Therefore,the main purpose of this paper is to predict the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a CNT conveying viscousfluid and supported on a nonlinear elastic foundation.The proposed model is based on nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli beam theory.The Galerkin method and perturbation analysis are used to discretize the partial differential equation of motion and obtain the frequency-response equation,respectively.A detailed parametric study is reported into how the nonlocal parameter,foundation coefficients,fluid viscosity,and amplitude and frequency of the external force influence the nonlinear dynamics of the system.Subharmonic,quasi-periodic,and chaotic behaviors and hardening nonlinearity are revealed by means of the vibration time histories,frequency-response curves,bifurcation diagrams,phase portraits,power spectra,and Poincarémaps.Also,the results show that it is possible to eliminate irregular motion in the whole range of external force amplitude by selecting appropriate parameters.

Study of the Diffusion Behavior of Seawater Absorption in Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Halloysite Nanotubes Hybrid Nanofillers Modified Epoxy-Based Glass/Carbon Fiber Composites

In the maritime industry, cost-effective and lightweight Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites offer excellent mechanical properties, design flexibility, and corrosion resistance. However, their reliability in harsh seawater conditions is a concern. Researchers address this by exploring three approaches: coating fiber surfaces, hybridizing fibers and matrices with or without nanofillers, and interply rearrangement. This study focuses on evaluating the synergistic effects of interply rearrangement of glass/carbon fibers and hybrid nanofillers, specifically Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Halloysite nanotubes (HNT). The aim is to enhance impact properties by minimizing moisture absorption. Hybrid nanocomposites with equal-weight proportions of two nanofillers: 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, and 2 wt.% were exposed to seawater for 90 days. Experimental data was subjected to modelling through the application of Predictive Fick’s Law. The study found that the hybrid composite containing 2 wt.% hybrid nanofillers exhibited a 22.10% increase in impact performance compared to non-modified counterparts. After 90 days of seawater aging, the material exhibited enhanced resistance to moisture absorption (15.74%) and minimal reduction in impact strength (8.52%) compared to its dry strength, with lower diffusion coefficients.

The Influence of Carbon Nanotubes and Nano-Silica Fume on Enhancing the Damping and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Materials

This paper conducted experimental studies on the damping and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-nanosilica-cement composite materials with different carbon nanotube contents. The damping and mechanical properties enhancement mechanisms were analyzed and compared through the porosity structure test, XRD analysis, and scanning electron microscope observation. The results show that the introduction of nanosilica significantly improves the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in the cement matrix. At the same time, the addition of nanosilica not only effectively reduces the critical pore size and average pore size of the cement composite material, but also exhibits good synergistic effects with carbon nanotubes, which can significantly optimize the pore structure. Finally, a rationalization suggestion for the co-doping of nanosilica and carbon nanotubes was given to achieve a significant increase in the flexural strength, compressive strength and loss factor of cement-based materials.

锂硫电池中CNTs-CNFs夹层对多硫化物的捕获和加速转化机理

为有效抑制多硫化锂(LiPSs)的穿梭效应,通过静电纺丝、电化学沉积和化学气相生长技术在碳纳米纤维(CNFs)上垂直生长碳纳米管(CNTs),开发了一种超薄、轻质的多功能三维多层交联碳纳米纤维-碳纳米管(CNTs-CNFs)夹层,并研究CNTs-CNFs对锂硫电池(LSBs)电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明:CNTs-CNFs薄膜优异的导电性和丰富的孔隙结构为LSBs提供了均匀的导电网络和LiPSs的吸附过滤屏障,与无夹层相比,含有CNTs-CNFs夹层的电池具有更优异的容量保持率和循环稳定性,在0.2 C电流密度下具有1296.7 mA·h/g的初始放电比容量,在100次循环后仍能提供了864.7 mA·h/g的放电比容量,容量保持率为66.68%。

CIPs@Mn_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)Fe_(2)O_(4)-CNTs复合材料低频吸波性能研究

随着5G无线通信与低频雷达侦察技术的飞速发展,低频电磁波辐射已成为当代的严重问题。目前,中高频段吸波材料的研究已趋于成熟,而设计低频段吸波材料仍面临巨大的挑战,亟待研究者们解决。基于四分之一波长相消机制,本研究设计了0.5~3 GHz低频段复合吸波材料。采用简单的一步水热法,诱导铁氧体在羰基铁粉与碳纳米管表面生长,制备出CIPs@Mn_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)Fe_(2)O_(4)-CNTs三元复合材料,对比研究了碳纳米管含量对材料吸收峰频率的影响。实验结果表明,引入碳纳米管,一方面为材料带来了界面极化、偶极极化等额外的损耗机制,增加了材料的衰减系数;另一方面基于四分之一波长相消机制,高介电与高磁导率的耦合,使材料在低频段获得良好的阻抗匹配。最终,在4 mm厚度下,样品分别在2.11与1.75 GHz处,获得了–40.8与–32.1 dB的反射损耗,–10 dB带宽分别为1.70~2.70 GHz和1.40~2.20 GHz。该复合材料制备工艺简单,低频吸收性能良好,具有很大的应用潜力,为开发更有效的低频吸波材料提供了新的思路和方法。

Dispersion and Performance Properties of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Based Polymer Composites: A Review

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based polymer composites have variety of engineering applications (electromagnetic shielding, antistatic coatings, high-strength low-density corrosion-resistant components, lightweight energy storage and many more);due to their excellent mechanical, electrical, chemical, magnetic, etc. properties. In the polymer nanocomposites CNTs are dispersed in the polymeric matrix. However the dispersion may be uniform or may not be uniform. The biggest challenge is the effective dispersion of individual CNTs in the polymer matrices, as CNTs tends to form clusters and bundles due to strong van der Waals’ forces of attraction. The aggregated structure continue until physical (Mechanical) or chemical modification (Encapsulation/surface modification) of CNTs. Few modification methods such as vigorous mixing of the polymers damages CNTs structure, and may hinder their properties. But these problems can be overcome by mechanical or chemical modification of CNTs surfaces. In the chemical modification, the modifier or the long tail surfactant may encapsulate and/or partially wrap the CNTs surfaces. In this review, recent work on CNTs based polymer nanocomposite is carried out with few modifiers/encapsulating agents. Incorporation of CNTs in polymer matrix changes the performance properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, toughness, Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), etc. The phase morphology of the composite materials throws light on the properties of CNTs based polymer nanocomposite. Moreover phase morphology may be directly correlated with the behavior of the material, hence reviewed here through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore review is also carried out on the non-isothermal crystallization (DSC) and rheology of CNTs polymer nanocomposite.

原位生长的CNTs@MoS_(2)杂化物增强水性膨胀型防火涂料的耐火和隔热性能

目的设计并研制一种耐火和隔热性能突出的水性膨胀型防火涂料。方法以碳纳米管(CNTs)、四水合钼酸铵、十六烷基溴化铵(CTAB)、硫脲为原料,通过简单的一步水热法原位生长出一种新型的CNTs@MoS_(2)杂化物,并采用FT-IR、XRD、拉曼光谱、SEM等手段对复合杂化物进行表征。再将CNTs@MoS_(2)杂化物作为增效剂分散在水性膨胀型防火涂料(CNTs@MoS_(2)/WES)中,通过大板实验和涂层、炭焦层表面分析评价了涂层的耐火和隔热性能。结果与WES(膨胀倍率为3.90)、CNTs/WES涂层(膨胀倍率为6.04)、MoS_(2)/WES涂层(膨胀倍率为4.59)相比,CNTs@MoS_(2)/WES涂层具有最高的膨胀倍率(8.88)。CNTs@MoS_(2)/WES涂层所涂覆的钢板在燃烧40min后背面温度最低(133.3℃),这充分表明该涂层具有优异的隔热性能。结论制备的CNTs@MoS_(2)杂化物表现出稳定的网络交织结构,有效提高了它在涂料中的分散性能。此外,CNTs@MoS_(2)/WES涂层优异的耐火和隔热性能主要归因于:1)CNTs@MoS_(2)/WES涂层及其炭焦层具有更致密和完整的表面,阻隔了热量的传递;2)CNTs的添加增强了炭焦层的致密性,抑制了膨胀过程中产生的气体泄漏,提升了涂层膨胀倍率;3)MoS_(2)提高了膨胀层强度且促进了炭焦层的形成,减少了裂纹和孔隙的产生。

Study on Low-Temperature Properties of the Asphalt Modified by Carbon Nanotubes(CNTs)and Crumb Rubber(CR)

The effect of adding crumb rubber(CR)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)on the low-temperature properties of virgin asphalt was studied.Using the force-ductility test and the bending beam rheometer(BBR)test,the deformation resistance and rheological properties of asphalt samples at low temperatures were evaluated,respectively.Based on the result of BBR test,the creep functions of the Burgers model and the Zener model were used to fit the low-temperature creep characteristics of the asphalt samples.Furthermore,the differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)test and the attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR)test were utilized to appraise the low-temperature stability and chemical properties of asphalt samples,respectively.The results showed that CR significantly improved the low-temperature properties of virgin asphalt,while CNTs had little effect.Moreover,during the degradation of CR,aromatic and aliphatic components were released.In particular,the aliphatic components of CR-modified asphalt were much higher than those of virgin asphalt,which had a significant effect on improving the low-temperature properties of the asphalt.The DSC test results showed that CR enhanced the low-temperature stability of the asphalt,while the addition of CNTs presented a slightly negative effect.

Ni-MOF衍生NiS_(2)@CNTs电极材料构建及其电化学性能

改善过渡金属硫化物导电性和循环稳定性是提升超级电容器性能的关键。以二氰二胺和升华硫分别为碳源和硫源,将Ni-MOF前驱体进行碳化和硫化后构筑了二硫化镍纳米颗粒与碳纳米管的复合材料(NiS_(2)@CNTs)。分析表明,碳化样品与升华硫的比例为1∶6时,制得的NiS2@CNTs复合材料具有较大的比表面积,且其中的NiS2纳米颗粒和碳纳米管呈现高分散性,可为电化学储能过程提供丰富的反应活性位点、快速的离子扩散和较强的电子传输效率。电化学性能测试表明,NiS_(2)@CNTs电极在0.5 A/g时的比电容可达568.0 F/g。以NiS_(2)@CNTs和活性炭(AC)分别为正负极组装NiS_(2)@CNTs//AC器件,其最大输出能量密度和功率密度达15.6和3207.0 W/kg,经过5000次充放电循环后的电容保持率和库伦效率分别为98.1%和99.7%,表明该电极材料有望实现长期循环利用且具有良好的实际应用前景。

FeCo/NCNTs复合材料的制备及其电催化性能的研究

采用高温热解法成功制备了掺氮碳纳米管包覆FeCo合金颗粒的催化剂FeCo/NCNTs-3∶1。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂进行表征与分析,并对其进行电化学测试。结果表明,该催化剂为中空竹节状碳纳米管结构,利于O2输送、电解液扩散和电子传递;催化剂中FeCo合金的形成利于提高催化速率;催化剂中含有丰富的Fe/Co-N-C活性位点,利于促进催化反应;FeCo/NCNTs-3∶1对于氧还原反应(ORR)性能的半波电位为0.84 V;对于氧析出反应(OER),在10 mA/cm^(2)电流密度下对应的电位为1.652 V;以其为空气阴极的锌空气电池,开路电压为1.49 V,功率密度为142.41 mW/cm^(2)。

Preparation of Mono-Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with Dodecyl Itaconate and Its Utilization in Paper-Making

Dodecyl itaconate (DI) was used as the dispersant for preparation of mono-dispersed carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution in this study. It is a unique type of anionic surfactant synthesized by the authors, and its high capability for dispersing CNTs is attributed to the double bond moiety on its head-group. Furthermore, author mixed aqueous mono-dispersed CNTs with pulp to produce the CNT-based paper. Different from the reported papermaking process, a novel adjusting PH process was employed to prepare paper. This method could transfer easily dispersing mono-dispersed CNTs in aqueous onto the surfaces of cellulose fibers, because PH adjustment of CNT-pulp is from the initial neutrality to weak acidity and then raising to alkalinity, The dispersion of tubes in cellulose matrix and characteristics of composite were investigated. Also, electrical resistance for retrieved CNT-based sheets was measured using fore-probe method.

CuAl-LDHs/CNTs优势组装及电催化CO_(2)还原制甲醇的研究

双碳背景下,电催化CO_(2)制甲醇等化合物有重要研究价值。为了提高CO_(2)的转化率和甲醇的选择性,本文借助兼具酸碱性的铜铝类水滑石(CuAl-LDHs)和具有优异导电性的碳纳米管材料(CNTs),协调构筑了LDHs/CNTs杂化物,实现了两种材料的优势互补,使其制甲醇性能和导电性能双向提高。研究结果表明,相较于LDHs,杂化物中二者良好的分散性和丰富的弱碱位点更有利于CO_(2)分子在其表面大量吸附并快速扩散,同时具有高迁移率的晶格氧和高还原电位的一价铜物种在催化剂表面形成了氧化还原循环,显著降低了传质阻力和电子转移难度,使得CuAl-LDHs/5%CNTs在-0.6 V(针对可逆氢电极)下对甲醇拥有较高的选择性和电流密度,最高可达80.7%和-6.5 mA/cm 2,为开发在低电位高电流密度下具有高CO_(2)转化率的LDHs基电催化剂提供了重要参考。

Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) as (i) Type in the Photovoltaic Cell of Nano-Dimensions

In this paper, a new modified approach to design the photovoltaic cell has been presented by adding Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) as type (i). The main issue is to increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, on the other hand, to exploit a larger range of electromagnetic wave frequencies, specifically a range within terahertz (THz) frequency domain, using 3D EM computer simulation technology (CST). It is clear in the normal PV cell start working at frequency of 500 THz, while the frequency at which the PV cell with SWCNTs operates is much less and it is close to zero, on the other hand, the PV cell with SWCNTs needs a larger cross-section area of 2800 nm2 to operate at frequency of 500 THz. This cell can be easily produced industrially, which means increases the efficiency of solar cell.