期刊文献+
共找到845篇文章
< 1 2 43 >
每页显示 20 50 100
Modeling the Impacts of Soil Organic Carbon Content of Croplands on Crop Yields in China 被引量:6
1
作者 QIU Jian-jun WANG Li-gang +3 位作者 LI HU TANG Hua-jun LI Chang-sheng Eric Van Ranst 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CSCD 2009年第4期464-471,共8页
This study quantified the impacts of soil organic carbon (SOC) content on the grain yield of crops using a biogeochemical model (DNDC, denitrification-decomposition). Data on climate, soil properties, and farming ... This study quantified the impacts of soil organic carbon (SOC) content on the grain yield of crops using a biogeochemical model (DNDC, denitrification-decomposition). Data on climate, soil properties, and farming management regimes of cropping systems were collected from six typical agricultural zones (northeast, north, northwest, mid-south, east and southwest regions of China, respectively) and integrated into a GIS database to support the model runs. According to the model, if the initial SOC content in the cropland was increased by 1 g C kg^-1, the crop yield may be increased by 176 kg ha^-1 for maize in the northeast region, 454 kg ha^-1 for a maize-wheat rotation in the north region, 328 kg ha^-1 for maize in the northwest region, 185 kg ha^-1 for single-rice in the mid-south region, 266 kg ha^-1 for double-rice in east region, and 229 kg ha^-1 for rice and wheat rotation in southwest region. There is a great potential for enhancing the crop yield by improving the SOC content in each region of China. 展开更多
关键词 soil organic carbon grain yield carbon sequestration DNDC model
下载PDF
Chemical fertilizers could be completely replaced by manure to maintain high maize yield and soil organic carbon(SOC)when SOC reaches a threshold in the Northeast China Plain 被引量:17
2
作者 LI Hui FENG Wen-ting +4 位作者 HE Xin-hua ZHU Ping GAO Hong-jun SUN Nan XU Ming-gang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第4期937-946,共10页
The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers is considered a good method to sustain high crop yield and enhance soil organic carbon (SOC), but it is still unclear when and to what extent chemical fertilizers... The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers is considered a good method to sustain high crop yield and enhance soil organic carbon (SOC), but it is still unclear when and to what extent chemical fertilizers could be replaced by organic fertilizers. We selected a long-term soil fertility experiment in Gongzhuling, Northeast China Plain to examine the temporal dynamics of crop yield and SOC in response to chemical nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers and manure, applied both individually and in combination, over the course of three decades (1980-2010). We aimed to test 1) which fertilizer application is the best for increasing both maize yield and SOC in this region, and 2) whether chemical fertilizers can be replaced by manure to maintain high maize yield and enhance SOC, and if so, when this replacement should be implemented. We observed that NPK fertilizers induced a considerable increase in maize yield in the first 12 years after the initiation of the experiment, but manure addition did not. In the following years, the addition of both NPK fertilizers and manure led to an increase in maize yield. SOC increased considerably in treatments with manure but remained the same or even declined with NPK treatments. The increase in maize yield induced by NPK fertilizers alone declined greatly with increasing SOC, whereas the combination of NPK and manure resulted in high maize yield and a remarkable improvement in SOC stock. Based on these results we suggested that NPK fertilizers could be at least partially replaced by manure to sustain high maize yield after SOC stock has reached 41.96 Mg C ha^-1 in the Northeast China Plain and highly recommend the combined application of chemical fertilizers and manure (i.e., 60 Mg ha^-1). 展开更多
关键词 long-term fertilization MANURE maize yield soil organic carbon Northeast China
下载PDF
Substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch improves the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon in a double-rice cropping system 被引量:16
3
作者 ZHOU Xing LU Yan-hong +5 位作者 LIAO Yu-lin ZHU Qi-dong CHENG Hui-dan NIE Xin CAO Wei-dong NIE Jun 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第10期2381-2392,共12页
The double-rice cropping system is a very important intensive cropping system for food security in China. There have been few studies of the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the... The double-rice cropping system is a very important intensive cropping system for food security in China. There have been few studies of the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the double-rice cropping system following a partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch (Mv). We conducted a 10-year (2008–2017) field experiment in Nan County, South-Central China, to examine the double-rice productivity and SOC accumulation in a paddy soil in response to different fertilization levels and Mv application (22.5 Mg ha^–1). Fertilizer and Mv were applied both individually and in combination (sole chemical fertilizers, Mv plus 100, 80, 60, 40, and 0% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, labeled as F100, MF100, MF80, MF60, MF40, and MF0, respectively). It was found that the grain yields of double-rice crop in treatments receiving Mv were reduced when the dose of chemical fertilizer was reduced, while the change in SOC stock displayed a double peak curve. The MF100 produced the highest double-rice yield and SOC stock, with the value higher by 13.5 and 26.8% than that in the F100. However, the grain yields increased in the MF80 (by 8.4% compared to the F100), while the SOC stock only increased by 8.4%. Analogous to the change of grain yield, the sustainable yield index (SYI) of double rice were improved significantly in the MF100 and MF80 compared to the F100, while there was a slight increase in the MF60 and MF40. After a certain amount of Mv input (22.5 Mg ha^–1), the carbon sequestration rate was affected by the nutrient input due to the stimulation of microbial biomass. Compared with the MF0, the MF100 and MF40 resulted in a dramatically higher carbon sequestration rate (with the value higher by 71.6 and 70.1%), whereas the MF80 induced a lower carbon sequestration rate with the value lower by 70.1% compared to the MF0. Based on the above results we suggested that Mv could partially replace chemical fertilizers (e.g., 40–60%) to improve or maintain the productivity and sustainability of the double-rice cropping system in South-Central China. 展开更多
关键词 CHINESE MILK VETCH fertilizer application levels rice yield soil organic carbon double-rice cropping system
下载PDF
Effects of straw and biochar addition on soil nitrogen,carbon,and super rice yield in cold waterlogged paddy soils of North China 被引量:23
4
作者 CUI Yue-feng MENG Jun +3 位作者 WANG Qing-xiang ZHANG Wei-ming CHENG Xiao-yi CHEN Wen-fu 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第5期1064-1074,共11页
The additions of straw and biochar have been suggested to increase soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and crop produc- tivity of agricultural lands. To our knowledge, there is little information on the effects of s... The additions of straw and biochar have been suggested to increase soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and crop produc- tivity of agricultural lands. To our knowledge, there is little information on the effects of straw and biochar addition on soil nitrogen form, carbon storage, and super rice yield in cold waterlogged paddy soils. We performed field trials with four treatments including conventional fertilization system (CK), straw amendment 6 t ha^-1 (S), biochar amendment 2 t ha^-1 (C1), and biochar amendment 40 t ha^-1 (C2). The super japonica rice variety, Shennong 265, was selected as the test Crop. The results showed that the straw and biochar amendments improved total nitrogen and organic carbon content of the soil, reduced N2O emissions, and had little influence on nitrogen retention, nitrogen density, and CO2 emissions. The S and C1 increased NH4^+-N content, and C2 increased NO3^--N content. Both S and C1 had little influence on soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and C/N ratio. However, C2 greatly increased SOCD and C/N ratio. C1 and C2 significantly improved the soil carbon sequestration (SCS) by 62.9 and 214.0% (P〈0.05), respectively, while S had no influence on SCS. C1 and C2 maintained the stability of super rice yield, and significantly reduced CH4 emissions, global warming potential (GWP), and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), whereas S had the opposite and negative effects. In summary, the biochar amendments in cold waterlogged paddy soils of North China increased soil nitrogen and carbon content, improved soil carbon sequestration, and reduced GHG emission without affecting the yield of super rice. 展开更多
关键词 BIOCHAR STRAW paddy field nitrogen form carbon sequestration greenhouse gas emission rice yield
下载PDF
Using the DSSAT model to simulate wheat yield and soil organic carbon under a wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain 被引量:3
5
作者 LIU Hai-long LIU Hong-bin +8 位作者 LEI Qiu-liang ZHAI Li-mei WANG Hong-yuan ZHANG Ji-zong ZHUYe-ping LIU Sheng-ping LI Shi-juan ZHANG Jing-suo LIU Xiao-xia 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第10期2300-2307,共8页
Crop modelling can facilitate researchers' ability to understand and interpret experimental results, and to diagnose yield gaps. In this paper, the Decision Support Systems for Agrotechnology Transfer 4.6 (DSSAT) m... Crop modelling can facilitate researchers' ability to understand and interpret experimental results, and to diagnose yield gaps. In this paper, the Decision Support Systems for Agrotechnology Transfer 4.6 (DSSAT) model together with the CENTURT soil model were employed to investigate the effect of low nitrogen (N) input on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, grain N concentration and soil organic carbon (SOC) in a long-term experiment (19 years) under a wheat-maize (Zea mays L.) rotation at Changping, Beijing, China. There were two treatments including NO (no N application) and N150 (150 kg N ha-1) before wheat and maize planting, with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) basal fertilizers applied as 75 kg P205 ha-1 and 37.5 kg K^O ha-~, respectively. The DSSAT-CENTURY model was able to satisfactorily simulate measured wheat grain yield and grain N concentration at NO, but could not simulate these parameters at N150, or SOC in either N treatment, Model simulation and field measurement showed that N application (N150) increased wheat yield compared to no N application (NO). The results indicated that inorganic fertilizer application at the rates used did not maintain crop yield and SOC levels. It is suggested that if the DSSAT is calibrated carefully, it can be a useful tool for assessing and predicting wheat yield, grain N concentration, and SOC trends under wheat-maize cropping systems. 展开更多
关键词 DSSAT wheat-maize rotation model evaluation long-term experiment yield soil organic carbon
下载PDF
Effects of Nitrogen Top-dressing Levels on Carbon-nitrogen Metabolism and Yield of Desmodium styracifoliumon
6
作者 ZHOU Jiamin CHEN Chaojun +3 位作者 YIN Xiaohong HUANG Min PENG Fuyuan ZHU Xiaoqi 《Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)》 CAS 2011年第2期36-40,共5页
In order to research effects of the nitrogen top-dressing levels on carbon-nitrogen metabolism and yield of Desmodium styracifolium, a field experiment was conducted on the research farm of Guangxi University in 2007.... In order to research effects of the nitrogen top-dressing levels on carbon-nitrogen metabolism and yield of Desmodium styracifolium, a field experiment was conducted on the research farm of Guangxi University in 2007. Some physiological indexes and yield ofD. styracifolium were compared among five nitrogen top-dressing levels (0, 37.5, 75.0, 112.5 and 150.0 kg N. hm-2). Results showed that the nitrogen top-dressing could significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll, soluble protein, sucrose and nitrogen as well as nitrate reducase activity. However, there were no significant differences in most of these indexes under high nitrogen levels. Consistently, there was no significant difference in yield among nitrogen top-dressing levels of 75 kg N.hm-2, 112.5 kg N. hm-2 and 150 kg N-hm-2. Therefore, the optimum nitrogen top-dressing level ofD. styracifolium was 75 kg N. hm-2. 展开更多
关键词 Desmodium styraciflium nitrogen top-dressing level yield carbon-nitrogen metabolism
下载PDF
减氮配施生物炭对北疆小麦产量品质及固碳减排的影响 被引量:4
7
作者 杨卫君 杨梅 +4 位作者 郭颂 宋世龙 陈雨欣 王森 赵红梅 《农业工程学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期104-111,共8页
为研究生物炭在北疆灌区农田应用的稳产增产及固碳减排综合潜力,探索农田氮肥优化施用途径,该研究于2021年4月—2022年7月在新疆奇台设置常规施氮(N1:300 kg/hm^(2))、氮肥减量15%(N2:255 kg/hm^(2))、氮肥减量30%(N3:210 kg/hm^(2))、... 为研究生物炭在北疆灌区农田应用的稳产增产及固碳减排综合潜力,探索农田氮肥优化施用途径,该研究于2021年4月—2022年7月在新疆奇台设置常规施氮(N1:300 kg/hm^(2))、氮肥减量15%(N2:255 kg/hm^(2))、氮肥减量30%(N3:210 kg/hm^(2))、单施生物炭(B:20 t/hm^(2))、常规施氮+生物炭(N1B)、氮肥减量15%+生物炭(N2B)、氮肥减量30%+生物炭(N3B)7个处理,分析两季小麦(春小麦、冬小麦)种植期间不同处理下麦田土壤有机碳含量、土壤呼吸速率、小麦品质及产量变化。结果表明,与单施常规氮肥相比,施用生物炭后土壤总有机碳(soil total organic carbon,SOC)、活性有机碳(active organic carbon,AOC)、碳库管理指数(carbon pool management index,CPMI)和小麦产量、籽粒水分及蛋白(干基)含量均呈提高趋势。综合表现以氮肥减量15%配施生物炭(N2B)处理最优,较氮肥常规单施(N1)相比,AOC、SOC均有显著提高,2 a产量分别显著提高22.12%、36.17%(P<0.05)。与常规施氮相比,氮肥减量15%配施生物炭(N2B)处理下,2022年冬小麦蛋白(干基)、面筋(湿基)、Zeleny沉降值均有提高,而2021年各处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。同时,除单施生物炭(B)处理(2021年)和除单施生物炭(B)及减氮15%(N2)处理外(2022年),其他处理下土壤CO_(2)累积排放量较单施常规氮肥均有所升高。综上,氮肥减量15%(255 kg/hm^(2))配施20 t/hm^(2)生物炭时其农田土壤固碳减排效果及小麦产量品质综合表现较好,建议作为北疆灌区麦田氮肥优化配施生物炭的理想施肥方案。 展开更多
关键词 生物炭 土壤 呼吸 有机碳 小麦 产量 品质
下载PDF
Effects of Nano-Carbon Water-Retaining Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency of Tuber Mustard
8
作者 Chen WANG Ruitong WANG Zhanbin HUANG 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2018年第9期62-65,共4页
The effects of nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer on yield,quality of tuber mustard,and fertilizer utilization efficiency were studied with the field experiments compared to the local tuber mustard fertilizer with... The effects of nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer on yield,quality of tuber mustard,and fertilizer utilization efficiency were studied with the field experiments compared to the local tuber mustard fertilizer with equal amount of effective composition. The results showed that the yield of tuber mustard was 50 670-56 496 kg/ha in treatments of nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer decreasing by 10%-40%,and compared with local tuber mustard fertilizer,the average yield was increased by 94. 8%. The yield increasing rate of tuber mustard was 93. 0%in treatment of nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer decreasing by 30%. The average fertilizer utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was 54% and 39. 7%,respectively,the average increment of fertilizer utilization efficiency was 36% and 37%,respectively compared with local tuber mustard fertilizer. Especially in treatment of reducing nano-carbon water-retaining fertilizer by 30%,the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency was increased by 64% and 56%,respectively. By comprehensive comparison,it was found that nano-carbon waterretaining fertilizer and the treatment of 30% reduction could significantly improve the yield of tuber mustard and fertilizer utilization efficiency,and have popularization and application value in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. 展开更多
关键词 田间试验 块茎芥菜 肥料 化肥
下载PDF
Tillage, <i>Desmodium intortum</i>, Fertilizer Rates for Carbon Stock, Soil Quality and Grain Yield in Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria
9
作者 Odunze Azubuike Chidowe Asholo David Blessing +2 位作者 Ogunwole Joshua Olalekan Oyinlola Eunice Yetunde Chinke Nkechi Mary 《American Journal of Climate Change》 2019年第2期325-341,共17页
Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria soils are continuously and intensively cultivated, resulting in soil quality degradation, carbon stock depletion, accelerated soil erosion and soil nutrient depletion. Effects of lan... Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria soils are continuously and intensively cultivated, resulting in soil quality degradation, carbon stock depletion, accelerated soil erosion and soil nutrient depletion. Effects of land use change on soil carbon stocks (SOC) are of concern regarding greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and sustainable crop production, because there is a need for food sufficiency while conserving the environment. Also, managing soils under intensive use and restoring degraded soils are top priorities for a sustained agronomic production while conserving soil and water resources. Hence, this study;“Tillage, Desmodium intortum, fertilizer rates for carbon stock, soil quality and grain yield in Northern Guinea Savanna” is aimed at devising possible mitigating measures for soil quality degradation, carbon stock depletion and impoverished crop yields using Zea mays as test crop. The study was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in split-split plot arrangement with four replicates. The four main tillage and Desmodium intortum combination treatments were: 1) Maize &#8722;without Desmodium + Conventional tillage (MC), 2) Maize + Desmodium live-mulch incorporated and relayed + Conservation tillage (MDIC), 3) Maize + Desmodium in no-tillage system (MDNT), 4) Maize + Desmodium in strip tillage (MDST). The main treatment plots were each divided to accommodate four (4) rates of N (60, 80, 100 and 120 kg·ha&#8722;1) as sub plots, while the N rate plots were further divided to accommodate three (3) rates of P (6.6, 13.2, and 26.4 kg·ha&#8722;1) as sub-subplots. Findings support that Desmodium intercrops with Maize treatments (MDIC, MDNT, and MDST) resulted in increased organic carbon contents in 2013, with MDNT resulting in significantly higher organic carbon content (7.37 g·kg&#8722;1 in 2012 and 8.37 g·kg&#8722;1 in 2013) than the other treatments. Also, zero tillage practice (MDNT) sequestered significantly higher carbon stock (18.06 t C ha&#8722;1), followed by minimum tillage (MDIC) that sequestered 15.99 t C ha&#8722;1 than the other treatments. Highest grain yield of 2.61 tha&#8722;1 under MDIC and MDNT was followed by MDST and least under MC. Total score of soil quality assessment gave least score values of 13 under MDIC and MDNT;thus best soil quality (SQ1) was ascribed to the minimum tillage with D. intortum intercrop and relayed (MDIC) and Zero tillage with D. intortum (MDNT) treatments. Maize Strip cropped with D. intortum treatment (MDST) was ranked SQ2. 展开更多
关键词 carbon STOCK TILLAGE Soil Quality Grain yield Climate Change Mitigation
下载PDF
半干旱地区秸秆还田对土壤有机碳组分及产量的影响
10
作者 高盼 王宇先 +3 位作者 徐莹莹 杨慧莹 王晨 张巩亮 《安徽农业科学》 CAS 2024年第8期149-151,共3页
为了探索半干旱区玉米秸秆还田对土壤有机碳组分和产量的影响,以黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院秸秆长期定位试验田为研究对象,对CK(常规种植)、FM(秸秆翻埋还田)和FG(秸秆覆盖还田)3种处理下土壤颗粒有机碳、水溶性有机碳含量及玉米... 为了探索半干旱区玉米秸秆还田对土壤有机碳组分和产量的影响,以黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院秸秆长期定位试验田为研究对象,对CK(常规种植)、FM(秸秆翻埋还田)和FG(秸秆覆盖还田)3种处理下土壤颗粒有机碳、水溶性有机碳含量及玉米产量进行分析。结果表明:不同处理各土层均是黏粒(<0.053μm)有机碳含量最高。FM处理4个土层砂粒(>0.250μm)和黏粒(<0.053μm)有机碳含量平均值分别提高了21.78%和20.51%,FG处理分别提高了25.87%和13.52%。FM处理在各土层水溶性有机碳含量最高,在0~10和>10~20 cm土层中顺序为FM>FG>CK,其中FM处理分别较CK增加22.73%和38.25%,FG处理分别较CK提高2.48%和26.32%。在>20~30和>30~40 cm土层中,土壤水溶性有机碳含量依次为FM>CK>FG,其中FG降低幅度分别为14.55%和9.41%,而FM处理增加幅度分别为10.68%和17.85%。不同处理之间穗长、穗粗和穗行数差异不明显。穗粒数顺序为FM>FG>CK,籽粒含水量顺序为FG>CK>FM;产量顺序为FM>FG>CK,FM和FG处理分别较CK增产5.20%和3.20%。 展开更多
关键词 半干旱地区 秸秆还田 颗粒有机碳 水溶性有机碳 产量
下载PDF
深松与秸秆覆盖还田对半干旱区土壤碳组分和玉米产量的影响 被引量:1
11
作者 高盼 《黑龙江农业科学》 2024年第1期7-11,共5页
为促进黑龙江省西部半干旱区土壤固碳和玉米增产,以黑龙江省农业科学院耕作与秸秆长期定位试验田为研究对象,以CK(常规种植)、NFG(秸秆覆盖还田)、SFG(深松+秸秆覆盖还田)3种处理对土壤有机碳、不同粒径有机碳、水溶性有机碳含量及玉米... 为促进黑龙江省西部半干旱区土壤固碳和玉米增产,以黑龙江省农业科学院耕作与秸秆长期定位试验田为研究对象,以CK(常规种植)、NFG(秸秆覆盖还田)、SFG(深松+秸秆覆盖还田)3种处理对土壤有机碳、不同粒径有机碳、水溶性有机碳含量及玉米产量的影响进行分析,研究深松与秸秆覆盖还田对半干旱区土壤碳组分和玉米产量的影响。结果表明,(1)本试验中,在0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层的土壤有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量顺序均为SFG>NFG>CK。(2)<0.053 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量明显高于>0.250 mm和0.053~0.250 mm粒级,在0~10 cm土层,SFG、NFG处理土层>0.250 mm、<0.053 mm和0.053~0.250 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量均比对照CK提高10%以上。(3)在10~20 cm土层,SFG处理>0.250 mm粒级和NFG处理0.053~0.250 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量增加较为明显。(4)不同处理之间玉米穗长、穗粗和穗行数差异不显著,穗粒数和产量差异达到显著水平,其中SFG和NFG处理分别较CK产量提高了28.57%和15.10%。产量与土壤有机碳含量之间呈极显著正相关关系,与团聚体有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量呈显著正相关关系。 展开更多
关键词 深松 秸秆覆盖还田 土壤有机碳 团聚体有机碳 水溶性有机碳 产量
下载PDF
覆膜和施化肥对土壤有机碳含量及玉米、大豆产量的影响
12
作者 刘洋 龙大勇 +4 位作者 赵娜 杨胜美 王小利 何进 魏晓 《山地农业生物学报》 2024年第2期78-84,共7页
以贵州安顺大田试验为依托,设置4个处理:不覆膜不施肥(non-F+CK)、不覆膜施肥(non-F+NP)、覆膜不施肥(F+CK)和覆膜施肥(F+NP),探究覆膜和施肥对土壤有机碳和玉米、大豆产量的影响,为贵州农田土壤固碳培肥和作物产量提升提供理论依据。... 以贵州安顺大田试验为依托,设置4个处理:不覆膜不施肥(non-F+CK)、不覆膜施肥(non-F+NP)、覆膜不施肥(F+CK)和覆膜施肥(F+NP),探究覆膜和施肥对土壤有机碳和玉米、大豆产量的影响,为贵州农田土壤固碳培肥和作物产量提升提供理论依据。结果表明:覆膜或施肥对土壤有机碳(SOC)影响不显著;施肥和不施肥条件下覆膜后土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量分别降低了9.1%和10.2%,施肥使土壤MBC显著增加了8.2%~32.5%;施肥对土壤全氮(TN)的增加幅度在2.9%~76.5%之间,施肥和不施肥条件下覆膜处理的TN分别降低了11.4%(P<0.05)和4.4%;与non-F+NP相比,F+NP处理玉米大豆分别增产10.4%和28.6%;SOC与土壤MBC和TN呈正相关,MBC与TN呈显著正相关关系,与C/N呈负相关,玉米和大豆产量均与MBC呈显著正相关。综上,覆膜不利于SOC和MBC含量的增加,施肥则相反,将覆膜与施肥相结合可增加玉米和大豆产量。 展开更多
关键词 覆膜 施肥 土壤有机碳 土壤微生物生物量碳 产量
下载PDF
基于响应曲面法优化氮掺杂活性炭的制备和CO_(2)吸附性能研究 被引量:2
13
作者 黄玉 方梦祥 +3 位作者 余鹏 吕通 岑建孟 夏芝香 《煤炭转化》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期49-59,共11页
氮掺杂活性炭制备过程中影响其性能的因素极其复杂,单一因素的定性分析无法满足对制备条件的准确调控,而多因素耦合量化分析可以弥补不足。以煤焦油沥青为原料,采用KOH活化法,与尿素共热解制备氮掺杂活性炭,通过响应曲面法(RSM)进行建模... 氮掺杂活性炭制备过程中影响其性能的因素极其复杂,单一因素的定性分析无法满足对制备条件的准确调控,而多因素耦合量化分析可以弥补不足。以煤焦油沥青为原料,采用KOH活化法,与尿素共热解制备氮掺杂活性炭,通过响应曲面法(RSM)进行建模,以量化分析多因素耦合作用对活性炭产率和不同温度下(25℃,50℃和75℃)对CO_(2)吸附性能的影响,同时优化制备工艺参数,并且在此实验设计基础上利用线性拟合方法预测不同温度下CO_(2)吸附量的相关性。结果表明:对活性炭产率的影响由大到小的单因素依次为掺氮比(尿素与煤沥青的质量比)、活化温度、碱碳比(KOH与煤沥青的质量比)、活化时间,活化温度和活化时间的耦合作用影响最显著,碱碳比是影响活性炭CO_(2)吸附量最为关键的因素,但随吸附温度升高其他因素影响显著性增强;不同温度下CO_(2)吸附量可以进行相互预测,且相邻温度下CO_(2)吸附量之间的预测效果更好;得到的最佳制备条件为活化温度650℃、活化时间1.25 h、碱碳比2.5、掺氮比0.3,相应的活性炭产率可达59.316%,在25℃,50℃和75℃下CO_(2)吸附量分别为3.474 mmol/g,2.355 mmol/g,1.358 mmol/g。 展开更多
关键词 响应曲面法 优化 活性炭 产率 CO_(2)吸附性能
下载PDF
碳膜原子氧传感器研制及地面性能测试
14
作者 把得东 刘凤琼 +8 位作者 王鹢 卢子伟 郭兴 冯展祖 柳青 田海 贺援际 赵伟利 陈桐 《航天器环境工程》 CSCD 2024年第1期95-100,共6页
研制低地球轨道(LEO)原子氧(AO)探测器并且开展AO环境在轨监测对于LEO航天器设计及防护具有重要意义。基于电阻分析法的碳膜AO传感器因工作时间较长、响应线性度较好且无污染,在国内外得到较多应用。为优化AO在轨监测手段,设计了一种矩... 研制低地球轨道(LEO)原子氧(AO)探测器并且开展AO环境在轨监测对于LEO航天器设计及防护具有重要意义。基于电阻分析法的碳膜AO传感器因工作时间较长、响应线性度较好且无污染,在国内外得到较多应用。为优化AO在轨监测手段,设计了一种矩形碳膜AO传感器:采用阴极电弧放电工艺制备了厚约2.5μm的AO敏感碳膜;利用AO地面模拟设备,测试了传感器的性能,并表征了碳膜在AO作用前后的形貌。结果显示,传感器碳膜的初始电阻与AO试验过程中的实时测量电阻的比值R0/R与AO积分通量F具有较好的线性关系。根据测试结果推导,该传感器能探测的最大AO积分通量约为2.29×10^(21)atom·cm^(-2)。 展开更多
关键词 原子氧 碳膜传感器 电阻测量 剥蚀率
下载PDF
旱作农田覆膜和秸秆碳投入对土壤团聚特性及作物产量的影响 被引量:3
15
作者 王钰皓 庞津雯 +4 位作者 卫婷 高飞 刘恩科 贾志宽 张鹏 《土壤学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期272-284,共13页
研究秸秆还田形式对旱作覆膜农田土壤团聚特性、有机碳含量及玉米产量的影响,为优化覆膜耕作措施,实现旱作覆膜农田可持续性生产提供理论依据。以长期定位旱作玉米覆膜农田(始于2012年)为研究对象,设置双垄沟覆膜(P)和传统平作(T),分别... 研究秸秆还田形式对旱作覆膜农田土壤团聚特性、有机碳含量及玉米产量的影响,为优化覆膜耕作措施,实现旱作覆膜农田可持续性生产提供理论依据。以长期定位旱作玉米覆膜农田(始于2012年)为研究对象,设置双垄沟覆膜(P)和传统平作(T),分别施加秸秆(S)和生物质炭(C),以不还田为对照(N),共形成6个处理:覆膜秸秆还田(PS)、覆膜生物质炭还田(PC)、覆膜不还田(PN)、平作秸秆还田(TS)、平作生物质炭还田(TC)和平作不还田(TN)。测定土壤团聚体组成及团聚体有机碳含量,并分析了双垄沟覆膜和不同秸秆碳投入对土壤有机碳含量、团聚体稳定性及玉米产量的影响。研究结果表明,各秸秆还田处理较不还田处理均可显著(P<0.05)改善各粒级团聚体分布及其稳定性,其中>0.25mm团聚体含量平均显著(P<0.05)提高47.32%,各双垄沟覆膜处理MWD和GMD较平作处理分别平均提高9.19%和4.15%;各还田处理可显著(P<0.05)提高0~60 cm土层土壤有机碳含量,其中PC和TC处理分别较对应PS和TS处理土壤有机碳含量提高2.60%和2.73%;各处理团聚体有机碳含量均随粒径增大而增大,秸秆碳投入可显著(P<0.05)提高各粒级团聚体有机碳含量,而双垄沟覆膜处理则降低了土壤有机碳及团聚体有机碳含量;还田方式、种植方式及土壤有机碳对玉米产量有促进作用,施加秸秆及生物质炭均能显著(P<0.05)提高旱作覆膜农田玉米产量,平均提高14.6%,而秸秆直接还田处理与生物质炭还田处理的增产效果无显著差异。综合分析,在双垄沟覆膜条件下投入秸秆碳能够明显提高土壤稳定性、土壤有机碳含量和作物产量,其中,双垄沟覆膜与生物质炭还田的耦合效应对改善农田土壤质量及地力提升有积极作用。 展开更多
关键词 双垄沟覆膜 土壤团聚特性 有机碳 玉米产量 秸秆碳投入
下载PDF
不同施氮水平对黑钙土花生碳氮代谢相关酶活性、产量和品质的影响 被引量:4
16
作者 赵跃 吕永超 +5 位作者 陈小姝 李美君 郭峰 高华援 张志民 李春雨 《中国油料作物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期122-128,共7页
为探讨黑钙土花生适宜施氮量,本研究以吉花25为试验材料,共设置6个氮肥水平,分别为施用纯氮0、112.5(传统施肥,N1)、90(减氮20%)、79.5(减氮30%)、159(增氮40%)、225 kg/hm^(2)(增氮100%),研究了氮肥对花生碳氮代谢相关酶的活性、产量... 为探讨黑钙土花生适宜施氮量,本研究以吉花25为试验材料,共设置6个氮肥水平,分别为施用纯氮0、112.5(传统施肥,N1)、90(减氮20%)、79.5(减氮30%)、159(增氮40%)、225 kg/hm^(2)(增氮100%),研究了氮肥对花生碳氮代谢相关酶的活性、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥会提高硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性,但过量施用氮肥会抑制NR、GS、GDH、SS和SPS活性。各施氮处理产量均高于对照,在传统施肥的基础上减氮施肥20%(施氮量90 kg/hm^(2))时,花生产量最高,与对照相比增产9.21%,相较于传统施肥增产1.57%,说明减氮20%即可既满足花生生长发育的氮肥需求,同时又能保证叶片中碳氮代谢相关酶的活性,增强了花生对氮素的吸收与利用的能力,并通过降低单株秕果数和单株单果数,提高单株双果数、百果重和百仁重,最终提高花生产量。 展开更多
关键词 花生 氮肥水平 产量 品质 碳氮代谢酶
下载PDF
基于FLUS和InVEST模型的云贵高原土地利用与生态系统服务时空变化多情景模拟研究 被引量:5
17
作者 李井浩 柳书俊 王志杰 《水土保持研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期287-298,共12页
[目的]探讨云贵高原不同情景下的土地利用与生态系统服务时空变化,为云贵高原土地利用空间格局优化、生态系统服务功能提升和可持续发展策略制定提供科学依据。[方法]以云贵高原为研究对象,以2001年、2010年和2020年3期MCD12Q1土地覆被... [目的]探讨云贵高原不同情景下的土地利用与生态系统服务时空变化,为云贵高原土地利用空间格局优化、生态系统服务功能提升和可持续发展策略制定提供科学依据。[方法]以云贵高原为研究对象,以2001年、2010年和2020年3期MCD12Q1土地覆被数据为基础数据,辅以自然和社会经济数据,基于ArcGIS,FLUS模型和InVEST模型,模拟2030年、2040年和2050年自然发展情景、生态保护情景和耕地保护情景下的土地利用以及碳储量、产水量和土壤保持量3项生态系统服务功能时空分布格局。[结果](1)不同情景下云贵高原的土地利用变化以林地持续增加和草地持续减少为主要趋势;耕地保护情景下,耕地面积最高可占总面积的10.38%;生态保护情景下,林草面积在2050年可达总面积的90%。(2) 3种情景下,云贵高原2020—2050年碳储量和土壤保持量均呈上升趋势,而产水量呈下降趋势。生态保护情景下,2050年碳储量预测值最高,为8.13×10^(9) t;产水量减少速率显著低于另外两种情景,降幅为0.46%。(3)宜昌市、普洱市和常德市等市州的生态系统服务供给能力较高;而贵阳市、毕节市和安顺市等市州的生态系统服务供给能力较低。[结论]云贵高原2020—2050年整体生态系统服务供给能力较好,各项服务功能在不同情景下表现出较强的空间聚集性和异质性。云贵高原今后的生态系统服务管理和可持续发展中,应考虑不同生态系统服务功能的空间异质性以及林地面积持续增加可能带来的水资源失衡问题。 展开更多
关键词 FLUS模型 InVEST模型 碳储量 产水量 土壤保持量
下载PDF
外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下鼓粒期大豆籽粒发育的影响 被引量:1
18
作者 贝世俊 褚霈宇 +5 位作者 梁昌志 吴天一 贾景瑞 裴福月 张玉先 曹亮 《大豆科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期185-193,共9页
为探究外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下鼓粒期大豆籽粒发育的影响,本试验以干旱敏感型大豆品种绥农26和耐旱品种抗线9号为试验材料,采用盆栽土壤称重控水法设置干旱胁迫,于R5期进行褪黑素叶面喷施处理,褪黑素浓度为100μmol·L^(-1),处理后5... 为探究外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下鼓粒期大豆籽粒发育的影响,本试验以干旱敏感型大豆品种绥农26和耐旱品种抗线9号为试验材料,采用盆栽土壤称重控水法设置干旱胁迫,于R5期进行褪黑素叶面喷施处理,褪黑素浓度为100μmol·L^(-1),处理后5,10,15 d进行取样,针对外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆籽粒发育的影响进行研究。结果表明:在干旱胁迫下喷施外源褪黑素处理可以显著提高干旱胁迫下大豆糖类物质含量,碳代谢关键酶活性,有利于碳代谢水平的提高;同时,外源褪黑素处理显著增加了干旱胁迫下大豆的氮代谢关键酶(NR、GS、GOGAT和GDH)的活性,促进植株氮素积累量提高,有利于氮素同化和转运。综上所述,外源褪黑素处理通过调节干旱胁迫下大豆碳氮代谢关键酶活性、糖类物质含量、氮素积累量促进鼓粒期大豆籽粒发育,最终提升干旱胁迫下大豆的产量。 展开更多
关键词 大豆 干旱 褪黑素 籽粒 碳氮代谢 产量
下载PDF
种植密度对角果期弱光胁迫油菜籽粒油脂积累的影响 被引量:1
19
作者 聂晓玉 李真 +6 位作者 王天尧 周元委 徐正华 王晶 汪波 蒯婕 周广生 《作物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期493-505,共13页
角果期光照不足显著影响油菜籽粒含油量,而增加种植密度具有明显的增产效果,但其对角果期弱光胁迫下籽粒含油量的影响未见报道。本试验选用华油杂62和沣油520两个品种进行大田试验,设置3个种植密度(15×104、30×104、45×... 角果期光照不足显著影响油菜籽粒含油量,而增加种植密度具有明显的增产效果,但其对角果期弱光胁迫下籽粒含油量的影响未见报道。本试验选用华油杂62和沣油520两个品种进行大田试验,设置3个种植密度(15×104、30×104、45×104株hm-2)和2个光照强度(透光率为100%, LT100%和花后10~35 d透光率为70%, LT70%),从籽粒碳代谢和油脂代谢角度,研究种植密度对角果期弱光胁迫下油菜籽粒含油量的影响机制。结果表明:与LT100%相比,LT70%处理下2个品种花后25 d、35 d时籽粒叶绿素含量、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, Rubisco)活性降低,光合速率下降,光合产物葡萄糖含量降低0.4%~27.9%;蔗糖合成酶(Sucrose synthase,SuSy)分解活性降低,导致果糖含量降低了4.8%~24.5%,减少了籽粒碳水化合物积累与转运,同时磷脂酸磷酸酯酶(Phosphatidate phosphatase, PPase)、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH)活性降低,导致含油量降低2.1%~11.8%,油脂产量降低27.0%~35.3%。与低密度遮阴相比,高密度LT70%处理下籽粒的Rubisco、SuSy活性降幅变小,但籽粒G6PDH和PPase活性降幅变大。这些结果表明,在本试验条件下,通过增加密度可以缓解弱光对籽粒光合碳代谢的抑制,通过增加群体产量缓解弱光胁迫下产油量的损失。 展开更多
关键词 种植密度 遮阴 碳代谢 含油量 产油量
下载PDF
磷处理对不同磷效率棉花产量及碳代谢的影响
20
作者 西尔艾力·吾麦尔江 米热扎提江·喀由木 +11 位作者 董强 王香茹 贵会平 罗彤 王倩倩 李晓曈 阮思嘉 顾云琪 吴全忠 张西岭 陈国栋 宋美珍 《西南农业学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期577-588,共12页
【目的】探明不同基因型棉花品种产量及碳同化物代谢响应低磷胁迫的差异机理,为生产上提高低磷胁迫下的棉花产量品质的生理调控途径提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,以低磷耐受基因型(BX014和LuYuan343)和低磷敏感基因型(FJA和DLNT... 【目的】探明不同基因型棉花品种产量及碳同化物代谢响应低磷胁迫的差异机理,为生产上提高低磷胁迫下的棉花产量品质的生理调控途径提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,以低磷耐受基因型(BX014和LuYuan343)和低磷敏感基因型(FJA和DLNTDH)为试验材料,设置低磷(P1,15 mg/kg)、中磷(P2,50 mg/kg)、正常磷(P3,150 mg/kg)和高磷(P4,300 mg/kg)4个处理,研究不同施磷水平对棉花的干物重、磷素吸收利用、产量性状及棉铃对位叶碳水化合物代谢的影响,及其碳同化物代谢酶活性与产量之间的相关性。【结果】①低磷胁迫条件下,棉花不同器官干物重积累、磷素积累量、株高、果枝数、果节数、铃数、铃重、籽棉产量、皮棉产量及衣分显著降低,而磷素利用效率及棉铃脱落率显著上升;且在不同磷处理和品种之间存在显著的互作效应。②棉铃对位叶中碳水化合物的含量是响应低磷胁迫的关键物质;低磷处理下,随着磷含量的增加,棉花棉铃对位叶蔗糖和可溶性糖含量总体呈下降趋势,且蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(SuSy)活性呈先增加后降低趋势。③在P1、P2和P4处理下,低磷耐受基因型棉花干物重、磷积累量和磷利用效率及产量指标都显著高于低磷敏感基因型,对低磷胁迫的响应程度并不一致,表现出较强的耐低磷特性;且SPS和SuSy活性都显著高于低磷敏感基因型,酶活性的差异可能是低磷耐受基因型耐低磷的原因之一。④性状相关性分析表明,皮棉产量分别与铃重(相关系数为0.95)、SPS(相关系数为0.96)和SuSy活性(相关系数为0.99)呈极显著正相关。【结论】低磷胁迫下低磷耐受基因型棉铃对位叶中较高的SPS和SuSy活性,保持蔗糖合成能力,进而促进糖的再分配,从而保证低磷条件下干物质的生产和累积,进而提高皮棉产量。 展开更多
关键词 棉花 低磷胁迫 产量 碳代谢
下载PDF
上一页 1 2 43 下一页 到第
使用帮助 返回顶部