STUDY ON THE CARDANOL-ALDEHYDE CONDENSATION POLYMER CONTAINING BORON-NITROGEN COORDINATE BOND

Cardanol-aldehyde condensation polymer containing boron-nitrogen coordinate bond (CFBN) has been synthesized and characterized by IR, XPS, HPLC and DTA-TG. Its properties were also investigated. The results show that the coating film of CFBN has excellent physico-mechanical properties, good anticorrosive properties and stable at high temperature. (Author abstract) 8 Refs.

Biobased Aromatic-Aliphatic Polyols by Thiol-Ene Reactions of Propoxylated Mercaptanized Cardanol

Aromatic-aliphatic polyols were obtained previously from the thiol-ene reactions of propoxylated cardanol with hydroxyalkyl mercaptans;these aromatic-aliphatic polyols were then utilized in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams with excellent properties.The current work describes a variant of cardanol polyol synthesis by thiol-ene reactions in three steps.The first step is propoxylation of cardanol by reacting cardanol with propylene oxide;the second step is mercaptanization of propoxylated cardanol by reacting double bonds with hydrogen sulfide;and the third step involves the addition of the thiol groups of mercaptanized propoxylated cardanol to the double bonds of allyl alcohol,glycerol-1-allyl ether,and trimethylolpropane allyl ether.Thus,obtained polyols were characterized by standard analytical methods.Rigid polyurethane foams prepared from these polyols show promising physical-mechanical properties.The rigid polyurethane foams can be used for various applications such as thermo-insulation of freezers,storage tanks and pipes for food and chemical industries,wood substitutes and flotation materials.

Recent Development of Cardanol Based Polymer Materials-A Review

Polymers from renewable resources are receiving tremendous attention due to the increasing concerns on the depletion of fossil oils and deteriorated environments.Cardanol,as an abundant and renewable chemical raw material,has been widely used for the production of renewable polymer materials via converting into various of chemical monomers with active functional groups.This comprehensive review deals with various aspects of cardanol as a starting material the preparing various polymer and polymer composites such as benzoxazine resins,phenolic resin,polyurethanes,epoxy resin,vinyl ester polymers,polyamide and cyanate ester resins.The assessment of the future prospects for the use of cardanol to synthesise novel and valuable renewable materials is presented.

Biobased Aromatic-Aliphatic Polyols from Cardanol by Photochemical Thiol-ene Reaction

Biobased aromatic-aliphatic polyols were previously synthesized from a thermal thiol-ene reaction of propoxylated cardanol with 2-mercaptoethanol(ME)in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN)as a radical initiator.Cardanol used for this purpose was obtained as a dark-brown liquid(Gardner Color Reference^18).The photochemical thiol-ene reaction can also be used to prepare aromatic-aliphatic polyols by employing cardanol.Via the photochemical thiol-ene reaction,2-mercaptoethanol was added successfully to C=C double bond of cardanol,suggesting that phenolic group may not play an inhibitory role in the radical thiol-ene reaction.However,we preferred to alkoxylate the phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol,which is much more reactive with isocyanates than phenolic hydroxyls,to generate a new aliphatic hydroxyl group.Furthermore,the functionality of polyols was also improved by two methods:1)using 1-thio-glycerol instead of 2-mercaptoethanol and 2)using alkoxylated cardanol with glycidol(Cardanol-GLY)instead of propoxylated cardanol(Cardanol-PO).These polyols were then used in preparation of rigid polyurethane foams that can be useful in various applications such as insulation of freezers,pipes and storage tanks in food and chemical industries.

Synthesis of Cardanol Sulfonate Gemini Surfactant and Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation of Micellization in Aqueous Solutions

A novel cardanol sulfonate Gemini surfactant with high surface properties was synthesized by cashew phenol, 1,3-dibromopropane and chlorosulfonic acid through three steps procedure of etherification, sulfonation and neutralization. A surface tension method was employed to investigate the thermo-dynamic properties of micellization in aqueous solution for cardanol sulfonate Gemini surfactant synthesized in laboratory. As a result, the micellization of cardanol sulfonate Gemini surfactant in aqueous solutions is spontaneous and entropy-driven. The micellization process is enthalpy-entropy compensated with the compensation temperature (Tc) of 308 ± 1 K.

Synthesis and Characterization of UV Oligomer based on Cardanol

In the present research,cardanol based di-acrylic UV oligomer was synthesized by thiol-ene coupling followed by ring opening reaction with glycidyl methacrylate.The intermediate as well as final diacrylate materials were analyzed by chemical as well as spectroscopic analysis.Further,ultraviolet(UV)radiation curable formulations were prepared by replacing commercial epoxy acrylate with synthesized UV oligomer in 10-50 wt%and applied on wood panels.The coated films were then evaluated for their optical,mechanical,chemical and thermal properties.Studies showed that up to 30 wt%amount of UVoligomer the coatings exhibited at par mechanical and chemical properties.The stain resistance of all the coatings was observed to be excellent.

Surface Performance Testing of Cardanol Polyoxyethylene Ether and Its Application in Detergent

Cardanol polyoxyethylene ether is a kind of nonionic surfactants based on natural raw materials, with good surface activity and resistance to hard water. At 25 ℃, the value of critical micelle concentration （CMC） is 6.09×10-6 mol/L, and the lowest surface tension （TcMc） is 38.08 mN/m. Moreover, cardanol polyoxyethylene ether has strong salt tolerance to monovalent inorganic salts; with the increase of concentration of divalent inorganic salt, the surface activity of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether is enhanced. The effect of monohydric alcohol on the surface activity of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether is complex： the ability of BGF-10 to form micelles increases and then decreases with the increase of the concentration of monohydric alcohol, cardanol polyoxyethylene ether has a synergistic effect with anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants, especially with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB）, and its critical micelle concentration is decreased by 2.52%, while the surface tension is decreased by 11.49%. Test results also show, comparing to nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, the emulsifying and the thickening performances of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether are better, and its foam performance is lower. Also, the cloud point of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether is higher than nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether. In most case, the detergency of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether is better than or equivalent to nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether. cardanol polyoxyethylene ether is an excellent alternative to nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether in detergents.

腰果酚改性酚醛树脂的合成及其模塑料的性能

资源化、环保化与低成本化是传统材料的重要发展方向,本文在硼酸的辅助下,采用腰果酚对酚醛树脂进行改性,探讨了腰果酚和硼酸的引入及其用量对树脂性能的影响,以改性树脂为基体制备了酚醛模塑料,并对其性能进行的测试。结果显示:腰果酚的引入和用量会显著影响树脂的性能,高的替代量使树脂软化点和热稳定性下降,在硼酸的辅助下,则能够实现对改性树脂性能的有效调控,并且以该改性树脂制备的模塑料显示出较好的韧性和热稳定性。

分析涂料中腰果酚的方法研究

采用热裂解气相色谱-质谱(Py-GC/MS)方法,利用微量涂料样品在惰性气氛中迅速加热裂解,生成的众多裂解产物在气相色谱系统中进行有效分离,使得具有特征性的裂解碎片被质谱准确鉴定,只需1 h即可对微量的涂料样品中含有的腰果酚进行定性。探究了分析涂料中腰果酚的实验条件,确定了450℃是相对合适的裂解温度。涂料样品经过最优条件下分析的总离子流量色谱图中的腰果酚在26.68min出峰,特征质荷比碎片明显,峰响应、峰形状、两峰之间的分离度都很好,可以很好地进行定性。并利用不同质量比的腰果酚样品建立标准曲线,进一步对涂料中的腰果酚含量进行了定量分析。

生物基水性油墨配方对油墨性能的影响

利用超声波一步法,在很短时间内(1 h)合成了丙烯酸腰果酚酯,将其与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)共聚,合成了作为水性油墨连接料的生物基腰果酚改性丙烯酸树脂,最后在树脂中添加助剂配置生物基水性油墨,测试油墨的细度、干燥速度、硬度和附着力,以分析助剂对油墨性能的影响规律。结果表明,颜料为0.29%,SiO 2为3.6%,偶联剂为1.44%,增稠剂为0.57%,pH为8~9时,制得的生物基水性油墨的细度为16μm,干燥速度为80.5 mm/30 s,铅笔硬度为5 H,附着力为2级,耐水性为4级。

Synthesis of a cardanol-amine derivative using an ionic liquid catalyst

Cardanol is a biobased raw material derived from cashew nut shell liquid. In order to extend its utility, new derivatives and additional applications are useful. In this work cardanol was first epoxidized, and a novel aniline derivative prepared from it under mild reaction conditions with the help of an ionic liquid catalyst. The reaction chemistry was studied by using nuclear magnetic reso- nance. The resulting aminohydrin adduct showed antiox- idant property and should also be a useful synthon for further reactions. As an example, the aminohydrin was shown to undergo a condensation reaction with formalde- hyde to form a prepolymer, which could be further reacted to form thermosetting resins.

腰果酚改性丙烯酸树脂的生物基油墨制备及其性能

以丙烯酸腰果酚酯、丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸(AA)为单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,通过乳液聚合,合成了腰果酚改性丙烯酸树脂并将其与颜料等混合制备了生物基水性油墨。通过单因素法和正交实验优化树脂配方工艺,利用FTIR、DSC、TG对树脂的结构与性能进行了表征,考察了水性油墨的性能。研究结果表明,树脂最佳制备工艺条件为:反应温度85℃,反应时间6 h,BA的含量为10 mmol,n_(MMA):n_(BA)为1.5:1~2:1,丙烯酸腰果酚酯含量为16 mmol,AA含量为70 mmol,引发剂含量为4 mmol。腰果酚改性丙烯酸树脂具有优异的成膜性,玻璃化转变温度为24.08℃,硬度可达5H,附着力为2级,所制备的水性油墨涂层铅笔硬度为5H,附着力为1级,耐水性等级为4级。

腰果酚改性酚醛树脂的研究进展

随着现代社会的快速发展,对酚醛树脂的韧性、耐热性、耐水性等方面有了更高的要求,以腰果酚部分替代苯酚后合成腰果酚改性的酚醛树脂,不仅能够提高其韧性及耐热性,还能大大降低生成产成本,绿色环保。因此,腰果酚用作酚醛树脂的生物质改性剂具有较强的应用价值。介绍了腰果酚的结构与性质,简述了腰果酚改性酚醛树脂的制备方法、改性方法,及其在摩擦材料、模塑料、酚醛泡沫、涂料、复合材料等领域的应用。

桐油改性胺的制备及其在环氧防腐涂料中的应用性能

为提升多元胺固化剂的柔韧性、耐腐蚀性、耐水性和低温固化性,以桐油为原料经酯交换、弗里德-克拉夫茨取代、曼尼希碱缩合、酰胺化反应合成一款新型桐油改性胺(TPH)固化剂,对其物化指标进行了表征,测试了单官能团(苄基缩水甘油醚)和双官能团(1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚)活性稀释剂的添加量对环氧防腐涂料涂层性能的影响,以及涂膜的机械力学性能、防腐性能,并与腰果酚酚醛胺(PCD)固化漆膜的性能进行比较。研究结果表明:防腐涂料中稀释剂添加量为10%时,TPH漆膜的表干时间和实干时间分别为40和90 min,其冲击柔韧性80 cm、柔韧性1 mm、硬度5H、耐冲击性≥40 cm,耐热性(150℃±3℃,4 h)漆膜轻微起泡、不脱落,耐湿热(47℃±1℃、相对湿度96%±2%、1000 h)和耐盐雾(1500 h)无生锈、无气泡、无变色,耐航空煤油(168 h)硬度达4H、耐4109发动机润滑油(121℃±3℃,24 h)和耐15#液压油(66℃±3℃,24 h)表现为漆膜不起泡,不脱落,耐溶剂性能优良。与PCD漆膜相比,TPH漆膜具有优异的冲击柔韧性、硬度、耐高低温性以及耐溶剂性能。

氢化腰果酚-含氮杂环抗氧剂在聚丙烯中的应用

为了部分替代聚丙烯(PP)中以石油基原料合成的抗氧剂,满足绿色、可再生、高效、低毒的发展要求,通过测试PP热氧稳定性、起始氧化温度以及热氧和光氧老化后力学性能、结构的变化,研究了生物基氢化腰果酚-2-氨基苯并恶唑(BAO1)、氢化腰果酚-5-氨基-2-苯并咪唑啉酮(BAO2)、氢化腰果酚-2-氨基苯并咪唑(BAO3)、氢化腰果酚-2-氨基苯并噻唑(BAO4)抗氧剂(BAO1~4)对PP耐热氧性能和光氧稳定性能的影响。结果表明,添加BAO2和BAO3均能提高PP的热氧稳定性,在PP成型加工时BAO2和BAO3能更大程度延缓PP熔体黏度下降,添加BAO2~4后,PP的起始氧化温度比纯PP提高了14~23℃。BAO3延缓PP热氧和光氧老化的效果最好,经热氧老化144 h和光氧老化48 h后PP-BAO3的断裂伸长保留率仍有26.1%和69.1%,而纯PP已完全老化失效。与氢化腰果酚和2-氨基苯并咪唑的物理共混相比,BAO3在提高PP热氧稳定性和光氧稳定性方面效率更高,表明BAO3同一个分子中Ar—OH与—NH—之间的协同抗氧效率高于物理共混形成的抗氧协同作用,具有分子内协同作用,在PP中具有更好的热氧稳定和光氧稳定作用。

腰果酚生物基自愈合微胶囊的高效制备工艺研究

生物基微胶囊的高效制备,对于生物基自愈合涂层的发展意义重大。针对传统石油基表面活性剂无法有效封装腰果酚基树脂及固化剂等愈合剂的难题,报道了以腰果酚基表面活性剂为乳化剂,通过溶剂蒸发法,高效制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为外壳的生物基微胶囊的方法。结合溶剂蒸发法机理,提出了假说解释腰果酚基乳化剂的高效封装机制。通过SEM、TGA、粒径分析等表征方法研究了乳化剂浓度、芯壁比、转速、温度等工艺参数对微胶囊形貌、尺寸、稳定性的影响,确立粒径可控、单分散和规则球形的微胶囊制备工艺。研究表明蒸发温度40℃、芯壁比1∶1时制备的微胶囊具有较好的表面形貌,乳化剂浓度、转速与平均粒径之间存在规律性影响,并且埋植20%(质量)生物基微胶囊的自愈合涂层的愈合效率达到61.25%。报道的基于腰果酚基表面活性剂的生物基微胶囊的高效制备,对于生物基自愈合涂层的开发,推动生物基涂层对石油基的取代,具有指导意义。

杜仲胶/聚乳酸形状记忆热塑性硫化胶的制备及性能

将生物基高分子材料杜仲胶(EUG)和聚乳酸(PLA)通过动态硫化技术制备了具有形状记忆性能的热塑性硫化胶(EUG/PLA TPV)。通过扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热、动态力学和力学性能测试及热机械循环分析等手段分别考察了EUG/PLA TPV的微观形貌、相容性、热性能、动态力学和力学性能及形状记忆性能。结果表明,增容剂腰果酚有效改善了EUG相与PLA相之间的相容性,从而提高了EUG/PLA TPV的力学性能。当橡塑质量比为5/5时,拉伸强度为10.5 MPa,扯断伸长率达到286%,是纯PLA的约48倍。EUG/PLA TPV具备特殊的双连续相结构,可以赋予其良好的形状记忆性能,形状固定率最高达到93%左右,形状回复率最高达到98%左右。

新型四季通用腰果酚醛酰胺固化剂性能研究及在防腐涂料中的应用

合成了腰果酚醛酰胺固化剂,同时考察了腰果酚醛酰胺固化剂、聚酰胺固化剂和腰果酚醛胺固化剂的各项性能。实验结果表明,腰果酚醛酰胺融合了酚醛胺与聚酰胺的诸多优点,同时也弥补了聚酰胺固化剂和酚醛胺固化剂单独使用或混拼使用的部分技术缺陷。该类型固化剂具有低温快干、柔韧性好、操作期较长的特点;涂膜室温固化和低温固化后性能优异,具有良好的物理机械性能、耐化学溶剂性能和耐盐雾腐蚀性能。

腰果酚基增塑剂合成及其对PVC力学性能影响

邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)是一种对环境不友好且具有生殖毒性的增塑剂。为了获得一种新型的生物基增塑剂,利用异丙醇胺和多聚甲醛通过Mannich反应得到腰果酚Mannich碱(MC),将MC与巴豆酸酐进行酯化反应合成腰果酚Mannich巴豆酸酯(MCC)增塑剂。采用FT-IR、^(1)H NMR及^(13)C NMR对增塑剂的化学结构进行表征,证明成功合成了MCC。进一步将MCC与聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混制得MCC/PVC复合膜,并对其力学性能进行测试。结果表明:MCC/PVC复合膜与DOP/PVC复合膜相比,拉伸强度提高,当MCC含量为30phr时,拉伸强度达到最大值(12.9MPa),比DOP/PVC复合膜提高46.6%,断裂伸长率降低;当MCC含量为20phr时,断裂伸长率达到最大值(490.9%),比DOP/PVC复合膜提高2.3%,拉伸强度提高35.23%,其综合力学性能最好。极性基团(羟基、氨基、酯基)的引入与腰果酚上的刚性基团(苯环)的协同作用提高了MCC/PVC复合膜的力学性能,所合成的MCC增塑剂有潜力作为DOP的生物基辅助增塑剂。

腰果酚类表面活性剂研究概况

对腰果酚类表面活性剂进行了综述,简单介绍了腰果酚的结构、物理性质和提取方法,重点介绍了腰果酚的化学性质及相关的化学反应,详细介绍了腰果酚醚非离子表面活性剂、腰果酚阳离子表面活性剂、腰果酚阴离子表面活性剂、腰果酚两性表面活性剂的合成方法和性能,最后对今后腰果酚基表面活性剂的研究及应用进行了展望。